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CN-121970653-A - Wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season multiplexing of drip irrigation tape and mulching film

CN121970653ACN 121970653 ACN121970653 ACN 121970653ACN-121970653-A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season multiplexing of a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film. An irrigation cover system which can be continuously reused in wheat and cotton crops in two seasons is constructed. According to the system, 10 rows of wheat and 3 rows of cotton are planted on each 205cm mulching film through agricultural mechanical transformation, 3 or 4 drip irrigation belts are paved under the mulching film, the wheat row spacing is set differently, cotton and other row spacing are planted, semi-precision or precision sowing of the cotton is carried out at the center line of the reserved wheat row spacing by using a sowing machine with components such as the mulching film, the belt and the like removed, the whole growth period conforms to a water and fertilizer cooperative strategy of 'wheat management priority and cotton life-preserving management', and a special harvester with a protection plate is adopted when the wheat is harvested. The mulch film and the drip irrigation tape are put into operation once and used in two seasons, the production cost is obviously reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, the contradiction between grain and cotton competing is effectively solved through the precise agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion technology, and the cooperation of grain and cotton and high yield are ensured.

Inventors

  • TIAN LIWEN
  • Ilshati Abuleti
  • LIANG FUBIN
  • YUAN DOUDOU
  • LV QINGQING
  • ZHANG LIZHAO
  • LOU SHANWEI
  • WANG ZEYU
  • WANG ZHANBIAO
  • TIAN CONGHUA
  • LIU JUN
  • KONG DEPENG
  • LUO JING
  • SUN HUIJIAN

Assignees

  • 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260214

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A wheat and cotton double harvest planting method based on two-season multiplexing of a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, pre-working treatment and soil preparation, namely recovering drip irrigation belts and mulching films after mechanical picking of last-year cotton, crushing cotton straws to a grain size less than or equal to 8cm, uniformly returning to the field, and then preparing the soil to ensure that the field reaches the quality standard of' leveling, flattening, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture Step 2, establishing a wheat sowing and multiplexing system, which comprises the following steps: Step 201, modifying a seeder, namely modifying a conventional 205cm single-film 6-row cotton under-film drip irrigation precision seeding integrated machine to enable the total number of hill-drop planters to be 10, and rearranging and fixing a matching device according to the specifications required by single-film 10-row wheat and laying 3 or 4 embedded patch type drip irrigation belts; Step 202, selecting and sowing wheat varieties, namely selecting early maturing winter wheat varieties, finishing mechanical bunch planting of 10 rows of wheat with a single mulching film in a period of 10 months to 11 months and 5 days, setting a bunch planter to be 9.5-10.5 cm by using a duckbill type, sowing 10-15 wheat in each bunch, using 17-20 kg/mu of seeds and sowing depth to be 2.6-3.0 cm, reserving rows of cotton by using differential configuration of the row spacing of the wheat, and configuring a space capable of planting 10 rows of wheat and 3 rows of cotton on each mulching film; Step 203, paving a multiplexing system, namely synchronously finishing mulching film paving when sowing, wherein the film width is 205cm, and the film thickness is 0.010-0.015 mm, synchronously paving 3 or 4 drip irrigation belts, wherein the flow rate of the drip heads is 1.8-2.4L/h, and the spacing of the drip heads is 20cm or 30cm; step 204, management after wheat sowing, namely dripping seedling emergence water for 20-30 m < 3 >/mu within 48 hours after sowing, and applying humic acid liquid fertilizer or saline-alkali modifier along with water drops on saline-alkali land blocks, wherein if the soil moisture content is needed, water is added for 1 time after 3-5 days; step 3, cotton precision sowing based on multiplexing system, comprising: Step 301, selecting a cotton variety, namely selecting an early-maturing cotton variety with a growth period of 119-124 days and a starting fruit branch height of more than or equal to 18 cm; Step 302, cotton sowing, namely directly utilizing the mulching film and the drip irrigation tape paved during wheat sowing in the step 202 in the booting period of the next year after wheat sowing, adopting a sowing machine with 3 sets of hole sowing devices for discharging the mulching film, the drip irrigation tape, the soil covering and the pressing parts, wherein the duckbill of the hole sowing device is a tip mouth, sowing at the center line position of a reserved cotton row to form a cotton planting row, and the cotton planting row is not covered with soil, wherein when the cotton hole distance is set to 9.5-10.5 cm, a semi-precise sowing mode of sowing 2 grains or 1+2 grains in each hole is adopted, and when the hole distance is set to 5.7-6.2 cm, a precise sowing mode of sowing 1 grain in each hole is adopted; and 4, collaborative field management under a multiplexing system, which comprises the following steps: Step 401, management of wheat and cotton symbiotic period, namely in the wheat and cotton symbiotic period from the time of cotton emergence to the time of wheat harvest, cotton irrigation is only synchronous water supply during wheat irrigation, cotton irrigation water supply is stopped when wheat is not irrigated, cotton squatting is realized through water control; Step 402, wheat water and fertilizer management, namely dripping water for 6-8 times in the whole growth period of wheat except 1 time before and after cotton sowing, timely irrigating 40-60 m < 3 >/mu with winter water, 1-2 times in the spring turning green-rising period, 20-35 m < 3 >/mu each time, 2-3 times in the jointing-flowering period, 30-45 m < 3 >/mu each time, 3 times in the grouting period, 20-30 m < 3 >/mu each time, and applying 25-30 kg/mu of urea, 10-15 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate along with the water in the whole growth period, wherein the base Shi Zhan% -40%, and the balance of topdressing; Step 403, cotton water and fertilizer management, namely immediately dripping water after wheat is harvested, dripping 7-8 times, wherein the period is 6-10 days, water is stopped in the middle and late 8 months of the next year, each time 25-30 m <3 >/mu in the bud period, each time 25-35 m <3 >/mu in the boll period to the boll-opening period, 20-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-20 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate, 4-5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied along with water in the whole growth period, each time synchronous topdressing is carried out, the bud period is light topdressing, the boll period is heavy topdressing, and finally the water is light topdressing; step 404, plant protection management, namely topping the cotton in the next 7 months 15-20 days, spraying defoliation ripening agents containing herbicides before and after 9 months 20 days, wherein before interplanting the cotton, the pest control of the wheat refers to a control method of a single-crop wheat field, after harvesting the wheat, the pest control of the cotton refers to a control measure of the single-crop cotton field, and the pesticide used in pest control in the wheat-cotton symbiotic period accords with the safety requirement of the wheat; Step 5, harvesting in double seasons, namely realizing double-season double harvest of grains and cotton through reasonable management of a multiplexing system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: Step 501, harvesting wheat, namely harvesting seeds and the seeds and straw together, wherein the wheat harvesting machine is matched with a combine harvester with the inner wheel distance of front wheels and rear wheels more than or equal to 172cm and the outer wheel distance of front wheels and rear wheels less than or equal to 284cm, and the height of a cutting table is adjusted to be 25cm and higher or slightly lower than the height of interplanted cotton during harvesting by adding a protection plate to the combine harvester; Step 502. Cotton harvesting, the same cotton picker as used in single crop cotton fields is used for cotton harvesting.
  2. 2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 202, the row spacing of the wheat containing the cotton reserved row is 25.0-30.0 cm, and the row spacing between the remaining wheat plants is 15.3-17.0 cm.
  3. 3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 203, when 3 drip irrigation belts are laid, each drip irrigation belt is located at a distance of 7.5cm from the reserved cotton planting row.
  4. 4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 203, when 4 drip irrigation belts are laid, the 1 st drip irrigation belt from one side to the opposite side of the mulching film is 7.5cm from the 1 st row of wheat, the 4 th drip irrigation belt is 7.5cm from the 10 th row of wheat, and the remaining 2 drip irrigation belts are respectively laid at intermediate positions between the 3 rd row of wheat and the 4 th row of wheat and between the 7 th row and the 8 th row of wheat.
  5. 5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 302, the position of the hill planter of the cotton planter is adjusted such that the cotton row spacing in the film after harvesting of the wheat and adjacent side rows of the two films is 76cm.
  6. 6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 402, the wheat is subjected to 1 drip irrigation 2-4 days before the cotton is sown, the water irrigation amount is 20-30 m 3/mu, the cotton is subjected to 1 drip irrigation by an original drip irrigation belt after the cotton is sown, the water irrigation amount is 15-20 m 3/mu, and at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water-soluble diamine phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acid fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer is applied along with water during the drip irrigation.
  7. 7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step 404, wheat aphids are prevented and treated in the symbiotic period of wheat, cotton thrips and early cotton aphids are prevented and treated, flonicamid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam or lambda-cyhalothrin are selected to be sprayed, before cotton interplanting, fluroxypyr or diflufenican and carfentrazone-ethyl compound herbicide is selected to be used for wheat weeding, shi Erjia tetrachloros are strictly forbidden to be sprayed on the wheat, after wheat is harvested, rotary cultivator scarification and weeding operation are carried out on cotton fields, cotton head water is dripped, the dripping amount is 25-40 m < 3 >/mu, and glyphosate herbicide weeding is carried out after 3-5 days of dripping head water.
  8. 8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 501, when only the seeds are harvested, the seeds should be harvested at 7 to 15 days of 6 months of the next year at the end of the wheat wax ripening, and the water content of the seeds should be less than or equal to 18%.
  9. 9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 501, when the seeds and the straw are harvested together, the seeds and the straw are harvested from the end of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months in the next year of the early stage of wheat wax ripening, stacked for about 7 days after harvesting, and threshed by a threshing machine and put into bins.
  10. 10. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 501, a protection plate with a length of about 20cm is additionally installed on a header corresponding to a cotton planting row, and the stubble height is 25cm when wheat is harvested.

Description

Wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season multiplexing of drip irrigation tape and mulching film Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season multiplexing of a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film. The planting method creatively realizes continuous multiplexing of the drip irrigation tape and the mulching film in crops in two seasons, can obviously reduce input cost, reduce environmental pollution, fully exert the photo-thermal resource potential of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and realize double harvest of grains and cotton. Background The Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is taken as an important cotton planting place in China, the total annual cotton yield of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is up to more than 90% of the national proportion, and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region becomes a core pillar production area of the cotton industry in China. However, the cotton single cropping one-cropping planting mode is adopted for a long time in the area, so that a series of problems of increasing soil continuous cropping obstacles, continuous decline of ecological system service functions and the like are caused, and the problems are particularly represented by unbalance of soil microbial communities, aggravation of soil-borne diseases, deterioration of soil physicochemical properties and the like, and the sustainable development of cotton fields is severely restricted. Meanwhile, with the deep advancement of national grain safety strategy, how to balance the relationship between cotton production and grain productivity improvement has become an important subject faced by current Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region agriculture. Although the traditional wheat cotton interplanting technology can theoretically relieve the contradiction of 'grain and cotton competing for land', the traditional wheat cotton interplanting technology has a plurality of limitations in practical application: Firstly, the existing interplanting mode and the modern agricultural mechanization require serious disjointing, and by referring to the planting mode of the cotton area in the inner land, such as row spacing configuration of (70+80) cm, (30+70) cm and the like, agricultural tools need to be customized or specially modified, such as wheat is usually planted in a drill, cotton is planted in a hill, and the cotton planter cannot be applied to wheat sowing. Therefore, the cotton continuous cropping field is changed into wheat, and farmers need to purchase wheat seeders additionally, so that the production cost is increased, and the operation efficiency is reduced. Especially in the wheat harvesting link, the phenomenon that the harvester is easy to crush or cut cotton seedlings often occurs due to unreasonable cotton row spacing arrangement, and even if a protection device is additionally arranged, the problem is difficult to completely avoid. Second, resource utilization efficiency is low. Under the conventional interplanting mode, the wheat and the cotton are respectively paved with a mulching film and a drip irrigation belt, so that repeated investment of agricultural production data is caused, the cost is increased, and white pollution of farmlands is further increased. According to statistics, the traditional interplanting mode needs to additionally input 4-8 kg of mulching films and 800-1000 m of drip irrigation belts per mu, and the cost is directly increased by more than 300 yuan. And moreover, due to the lack of a systematic and precise water, fertilizer and pesticide collaborative management scheme for the wheat and cotton symbiotic period, measures such as water, fertilizer management, pest control and the like during the wheat and cotton symbiotic period often take the measures into consideration, and the coordination of grain and cotton with high yield is difficult to realize, especially in the aspect of water, fertilizer management, due to the lack of a precise regulation and control scheme, cotton is overgrown or wheat yield is reduced. Finally, the prior art lacks systematic research on key parameters such as agricultural mulching film selection, drip irrigation system configuration, crop variety collocation and the like, so that actual application effects are uneven, growers in different areas often operate by experience in the implementation process, the technology in-place rate is low, and the popularization effect of the technology is seriously affected. In view of the technical bottlenecks existing in the prior art, development of a wheat cotton interplanting technology capable of realizing continuous multiplexing of drip irrigation belts and mulching films in crops in two seasons is needed, and a solid and reliable technical support is provided for the cooperative yield increase of grains and cotton in the Uygur autonomous region in X