CN-121970658-A - Method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting and application thereof

CN121970658ACN 121970658 ACN121970658 ACN 121970658ACN-121970658-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an out-of-season single seedling raising method of angelica suitable for mechanical transplanting and application thereof, belonging to the field of seedling raising and cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method selects a sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse with the altitude above 2300m and the lowest temperature of more than or equal to 8 ℃ in winter, prepares special matrix by matching the field soil without continuous cropping obstacle with fried rape seed, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, adopts seedling paper books with single hole diameter of 19-25mm and height of 12cm, and adopts two-grain seed sowing pelleting seeds in the ten days of 11 months to 12 months, and cultivates standardized single seedlings through management of precise temperature and humidity regulation, foliar fertilization, seedling hardening and leaf cutting and the like, and transplanting by a transplanting machine. The invention reduces the early bolting rate of the Chinese angelica, improves the seedling uniformity and the transplanting survival rate, improves the transplanting efficiency, reduces the labor cost, can also improve the yield of the Chinese angelica, realizes the efficient utilization of out-of-season resources, and provides support for the industrial scale standardized development.

Inventors

CAI ZIPING
WANG HONGXIA
PENG YUNXIA
WANG GUOXIANG
ZHAO CHENXIA
BAO XINGHUI
DING ANPING
WANG KEKE
FANG YANXIA

Assignees

甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所）
宕昌县中药材开发服务中心
甘肃耕耘稼穑农业科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260326

Claims (9)

1. An out-of-season monomer seedling raising method for angelica suitable for mechanical transplanting is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step one, selecting address A greenhouse which has the altitude of over 2300m, is far away from a pollution source, has flat topography, is convenient to drain and irrigate and is convenient to transport is selected as a seedling raising environment; Step two, preparing for seedling raising (2.1) Facility disinfection, namely 7-10 d before seedling cultivation, disinfecting the facility space of the seedling cultivation environment; (2.2) preparing a seedling substrate, namely selecting field soil which is not planted with angelica and crops of Umbelliferae within 3 years, crushing the field soil, sieving the field soil by a sieve of 2-3 mm, adding fried and crushed rapeseeds with the mass of 1.5-2.0% of the soil mass, adding trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and covering a film for stacking for 3-7 d in a 20-25 ℃ environment; Step three, selecting seedling paper volume Selecting seedling paper books with single holes of 19-25mm diameter and 12 cm mm height and 3-5 months degradation period; Step four, selecting seeds The Chinese angelica pelleted seeds are selected, the seed purity is more than or equal to 98%, the germination rate is more than or equal to 70%, and the single grain rate is more than or equal to 98%; Step five, dishing and making bed Filling the prepared seedling substrate into holes of a seedling paper book, compacting by a soil mound machine to ensure that the substrate is filled, the porosity is kept to be 35-40%, the volume weight is 1.5-1.8g/cm 3 , and the substrate is filled to the position 0.3-0.5 cm away from the upper edge of the paper cylinder; (5.2) making a seedling bed in the sterilized environment facility, closely arranging seedling trays filled with matrixes on the seedling bed, fully contacting the bottom of the trays with the ground, and paving a layer of gardening ground cloth below the seedling bed; Step six, sowing Sowing in the last ten days of 11 months to 12 months in a single-grain sowing mode, sowing 2-3 grains of pelleted seeds in each hole, covering fine soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm and the water content of 35-40% by a 10-mesh sieve after sowing, watering the matrix in the single seedling culture paper album thoroughly after covering the fine soil, covering a layer of non-woven fabric or mulching film, and uncovering the covering when the emergence rate reaches 60-70%; Seventh, seedling temperature, moisture and fertilization management Sowing the seeds until seedlings emerge at 18-28 ℃ in daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night; 15-25 ℃ in daytime and 8-15 ℃ at night before seedling emergence; when the surface of the matrix is whitish and dry, spraying and watering are carried out in the morning of sunny days, the water temperature is kept at 12-18 ℃, quenching and quenching are avoided, the matrix is kept moist, and excessive drying and excessive wetting are avoided; When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, selecting sunny days and afternoon, and irrigating urea solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% -1.0% in a spraying mode to thoroughly irrigate the seedbed; Selecting sunny days and afternoon when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, and spraying a monopotassium phosphate solution with the mass fraction of 0.3% on the leaves twice at intervals of 7-10d; Step eight, hardening seedlings and cutting leaves Gradually hardening off seedlings after 15 days before planned transplanting, Firstly, completely opening an upper vent and a lower vent of a greenhouse in the daytime 10-15 days before transplanting, and closing the vents at night to exercise seedlings; Step two, opening the upper and lower ventilation openings of the greenhouse in the daytime and at night for 5-10 days before transplanting; Thirdly, removing greenhouse films 4 days before transplanting to enable seedlings to completely adapt to the external environment; cutting leaves 5 d-7 d after seedling hardening, cutting 1/3 of the number of leaves at the top end of the whole plant by using a sterile scissors, spraying 800-1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder after cutting leaves, and using 30kg of chlorothalonil solution per mu; Step nine, seedling out of nursery After reaching the nursery standard, transplanting the seedlings, watering thoroughly once 1d before transplanting, and separating the single seedlings from the paper book when the seedlings are lifted, so as to keep the single Miao Gentuo intact; Step ten, packaging and transporting The separated single seedlings are placed in the seedling turnover basket in order and upright, and are prevented from being sunned, drenched and blown in the transportation process.
2. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein the indoor minimum temperature of said sunlight greenhouse in winter in step one is not lower than 8 ℃.
3. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2.1), a sulfur powder fumigation method or broad-spectrum bactericide and insecticide spraying is adopted for disinfection, and the facility is closed for 24-48 hours and then fully ventilated.
4. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fried and crushed rapeseeds in the step (2.2) is as follows: Stir-frying the rapeseeds in a clean frying pan until the color is even and deepened, the aroma escapes, the texture is crisp, the interior is ensured to be fully cured, and the rapeseeds are crushed into particles with the particle size of 1-2 mm after being cooled.
5. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2.2), the effective viable count of trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g, the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1X 101 0 CFU/g, and the dosage of the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis is 0.2kg/m < 3 > -0.25 kg/m < 3 > in terms of soil volume.
6. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (9.1), the nursery-out standard is 150 d-180 d, the plant height is 10 cm-12 cm, the stem thickness is not less than 2.0mm, 5-6 true leaves are provided, the leaves are rich and green, the root system is developed and fully filled with paper tubes, the root lump is compact and cylindrical, and the method is free of scattered lump and quarantine disease and insect pests.
7. The method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, wherein transplanting is completed within 48 hours of seedling raising in step ten.
8. An off-season monomer seedling of Angelica sinensis suitable for mechanical transplanting obtained by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The use of off-season single seedlings of angelica suitable for mechanical transplanting as claimed in claim 8, wherein the use is in transplanting by a transplanter.

Description

Method for raising seedlings of Chinese angelica out-of-season monomers suitable for mechanical transplanting and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an off-season monomer seedling raising method for Chinese angelica suitable for mechanical transplanting and application thereof. Background Along with the improvement of the large-scale and standardized development demands of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the technical bottleneck in the traditional Chinese angelica cultivation mode is increasingly highlighted, and especially the lagging current situation of the seedling growing link becomes a key factor for restricting the high-quality development of the industry. At present, the traditional mode of 'summer sowing, cold dew seedling digging, winter cellaring and next spring transplanting' is mainly used for angelica seedling culture, and has three core pain points, namely, first, the early bolting rate is high. The angelica is used as a typical low-temperature vernalization crop, the natural environment is difficult to regulate and control in the traditional seedling raising process, the vernalization process is easy to run away, the early bolting rate is generally up to 30% -50%, part of the yield area is even more than 50%, the lignification of the bolting angelica fleshy root is serious, the medicinal value is greatly reduced, and the double loss of the yield and the economic benefit is directly caused. Secondly, the suitability of mechanized transplanting is poor. The traditional seedling raising adopts a broadcasting mode, the seedlings grow densely, root systems are mutually wound to form agglomerated seedling blocks, the requirements of mechanical transplanting on seedling independence and regularity cannot be met, the transplanting link still depends on manual operation, the labor intensity is high, the operation efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, the transplanting density is uneven, the field planting depth is inconsistent, and the uniformity and the yield stability of the subsequent field growth are affected. Thirdly, the constraint of seasons and natural conditions is obvious. The traditional seedling raising is completely dependent on natural climate, the seeding period is concentrated, the seedling raising period is long, and the seedling raising period is easily influenced by low temperature, drought, plant diseases and insect pests and other environmental factors, so that the quality of seedlings is uneven, the survival rate fluctuation is large, a large-scale and intensive seedling supply system is difficult to form, meanwhile, the winter idle field resources are not effectively utilized, and the land production efficiency is low. In order to solve the problems, partial technical exploration, such as greenhouse seedling raising, plug seedling raising and other modes, is carried out in the industry, but the prior art still has obvious defects that on one hand, partial out-of-season seedling raising technology can regulate and control the growth environment to a certain extent, but a standardized single seedling raising system is not formed, the seedling form is difficult to adapt to the existing transplanting machinery, the agricultural machinery and the agricultural fusion degree are low, on the other hand, the existing facility seedling raising mostly adopts a common seedling raising container, the growth characteristics of angelica root systems are not optimized, and key technologies such as temperature and humidity regulation, matrix proportion and the like matched with the out-of-season seedling raising are lacked, so that the seedling stress resistance is poor, the transplanting survival rate is difficult to guarantee, and meanwhile, the early bolting problem cannot be fundamentally solved. In addition, the rootstock Chinese medicinal material planting machinery is mostly improved by crop machinery, and the problems of large size of the whole machine, poor universality, unsmooth linkage with Chinese angelica planting agriculture and the like exist, so that the difficulty of mechanical transplanting is further increased. Therefore, the out-of-season seedling raising method capable of effectively regulating and controlling the vernalization process of the angelica sinensis, reducing the early bolting rate, realizing seedling singulation and standardized cultivation, adapting to the mechanical transplanting requirement is developed, has great significance for breaking through the development bottleneck of the angelica sinensis industry and improving the industrial scale level and comprehensive economic benefit, and is also an urgent requirement for transformation and upgrading of the current angelica sinensis planting industry. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides an out-of-season single seedling raising method suitable for mechanical transplanting and