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CN-121970660-A - Peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil

CN121970660ACN 121970660 ACN121970660 ACN 121970660ACN-121970660-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and discloses a peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil, which comprises the following steps of S1, soil detection and lime pretreatment, S2, alkaline fertilizer application in a matched mode, S3, soil pH value regular monitoring and lime supplementing, S4, base fertilizer application, S5, topdressing in a growth period, S6, foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulator application in a flower needle period, and S7, quantitative element fertilizer application in a full fruit period. By adopting the technical scheme of lime batch application, organic fertilizer synergistic turning and regular soil pH monitoring and lime supplementing soil pretreatment, the technical effects of stabilizing soil acidity in a proper growth range of peanuts for a long time, avoiding soil hardening and having long-acting and sustainable improvement effect are achieved.

Inventors

  • WANG RUNFENG
  • HUANG LU
  • Yu Qianxia
  • LU QING
  • LIU HAO
  • LI HAIFEN
  • LI SHAOXIONG
  • CHEN XIAOPING
  • HONG YANBIN

Assignees

  • 广东省农业科学院作物研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260107

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The peanut cultivation method suitable for the acid soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, soil detection and lime pretreatment, namely detecting the soil of a cultivation land block, confirming the pH value of the soil to be less than 5.0, then applying lime to the soil for 2-3 times by combining deep ploughing 1-3 months before the dry farming season after harvesting the rice, and synchronously turning over and burying an organic fertilizer to enable the lime to fully react with the soil; S2, the alkaline fertilizer is cooperatively applied, namely, when the pH value of the soil is detected to be 5.5-6.5 after the step S1 is completed for 15-20 days, the application of sulfur-based fertilizer, chlorine-based fertilizer and superphosphate is reduced or avoided, and alkaline or neutral fertilizer is used instead; s3, periodically monitoring the pH value of the soil and supplementing lime, namely detecting the pH value of the soil every 2 years after the step S2 is completed, supplementing lime when the pH value falls back to <5.0, and synchronously adding organic fertilizer, wherein the supplementing amount is 50% of the total amount of lime in the step S1; S4, applying a base fertilizer, namely after the step S2 is finished and 10-15 days before peanut sowing, applying the base fertilizer to soil during rotary tillage soil preparation; s5, topdressing in the growth period, namely topdressing to soil 30-40 days after peanut emergence; s6, applying the foliar fertilizer and the plant growth regulator in the flower needle period, namely spraying trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum and iron on the foliar surface when the peanut enters the flower needle period after the step S5 is completed, and spraying the plant growth regulator according to the growth vigor; And S7, applying a secondary element fertilizer in the full-fruit period, namely spraying the secondary element fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium on the leaf surfaces when the peanuts enter the full-fruit period after the step S6 is completed.
  2. 2. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, lime is slaked lime or quicklime, and the total application amount of lime per mu is 200-250kg slaked lime or quicklime equivalent.
  3. 3. The method for cultivating peanuts suitable for acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the organic fertilizer is decomposed livestock manure or crop straws, and the amount of the organic fertilizer buried per mu is 500-800kg.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the alkaline or neutral fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer in the step S4 is 30 kg/mu.
  5. 5. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the amount of the base fertilizer comprises 900-1100 kg/mu of chicken manure, 140-160 kg/mu of lime, 1.8-2.2 kg/mu of borax, 18-22 kg/mu of urea and 9-11 kg/mu of potassium nitrate.
  6. 6. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, if a controlled release fertilizer is selected, the controlled release fertilizer is a humic acid coated fertilizer, the inner layer of the fertilizer is a humic acid and micro-fertilizer composite film, and the outer layer of the fertilizer is a degradable polymer film.
  7. 7. The method for cultivating peanuts suitable for acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the amount of additional fertilizer is 9-11 kg/mu of urea and 4-6 kg/mu of potassium nitrate, and the irrigation amount is 40-60m 3 per mu.
  8. 8. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the plant growth regulator is brassinolide or prohexadione calcium; the trace element fertilizer is diluted 300-800 times according to the instruction, sprayed 1 time per week and continuously sprayed 2-3 times.
  9. 9. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the total content of calcium and magnesium in the medium element fertilizer is not less than 10%, the medium element fertilizer is diluted by 200-500 times according to the instruction, and the medium element fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 10 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 times.
  10. 10. The method for cultivating peanut in acid soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the interval time between two adjacent lime applications is 1 month, and lime and organic fertilizer are buried together by synchronously combining deep ploughing operation in the lime ash application process of 2-3 times.

Description

Peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil. Background Peanuts are used as important oil crops and cash crops in China, have a wide planting range, and are especially cultivated in regions such as south hills, plain and mountains in large scale. Peanut growth is sensitive to the pH value of soil, and is suitable for growth in weak acid to neutral soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, while soil acidification problem is prominent in the south of China due to factors such as long-term planting, precipitation leaching, fertilization habit and the like, and the pH value of a large amount of cultivated land soil is lower than 5.0, and the peanut growth belongs to strong acid soil. In order to meet the peanut planting requirement, the prior art generally adopts a lime application mode to adjust the acidity of soil, and meanwhile, the soil fertility is improved by matching with the turning-over organic fertilizer, so that an appropriate growth environment is attempted to be created for the peanut, the normal germination, root system development and nutrient absorption of the peanut are ensured, and a certain yield level is further maintained. However, in the existing acid soil peanut cultivation, in the lime application step, most growers often adopt a mode of applying lime in a large amount at one time to simplify the operation, so that lime cannot be fully and uniformly mixed with soil, the pH of local soil is suddenly increased beyond the proper range of peanuts, part of deep soil is still in a strong acid state, the uniformity of soil improvement is poor, and after lime application, a long-term monitoring and dynamic supplementing mechanism for the pH value of the soil is lacking, as peanut growth cycle advances, rainwater leaching and nutrient consumption are carried out, the acidity of the soil is easy to rebound to a range unsuitable for peanut growth, the planting of subsequent crops for peanut is influenced, lime is also required to be frequently added, the planting cost is increased, in addition, the soil aggregate structure is easy to be damaged by applying lime in a large amount at one time, the air permeability and the water retention of the soil are reduced, the downward binding and respiration of peanut root systems are inhibited, and the integral growth situation of the peanuts is influenced. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil, which solves the problems of uneven soil improvement, short-term acidification rebound and easy soil hardening caused by excessive lime application and lack of subsequent pH monitoring supplement in the prior art. In order to achieve the aim, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the peanut cultivation method suitable for acid soil comprises the following steps: S1, soil detection and lime pretreatment, namely detecting the soil of a cultivation land block, confirming the pH value of the soil to be less than 5.0, then applying lime to the soil for 2-3 times by combining deep ploughing 1-3 months before the dry farming season after harvesting the rice, and synchronously turning over and burying an organic fertilizer to enable the lime to fully react with the soil; S2, the alkaline fertilizer is cooperatively applied, namely, when the pH value of the soil is detected to be 5.5-6.5 after the step S1 is completed for 15-20 days, the application of sulfur-based fertilizer, chlorine-based fertilizer and superphosphate is reduced or avoided, and alkaline or neutral fertilizer is used instead; s3, periodically monitoring the pH value of the soil and supplementing lime, namely detecting the pH value of the soil every 2 years after the step S2 is completed, supplementing lime when the pH value falls back to <5.0, and synchronously adding organic fertilizer, wherein the supplementing amount is 50% of the total amount of lime in the step S1; S4, applying a base fertilizer, namely after the step S2 is finished and 10-15 days before peanut sowing, applying the base fertilizer to soil during rotary tillage soil preparation; s5, topdressing in the growth period, namely topdressing to soil 30-40 days after peanut emergence; s6, applying the foliar fertilizer and the plant growth regulator in the flower needle period, namely spraying trace element fertilizer containing boron, zinc, molybdenum and iron on the foliar surface when the peanut enters the flower needle period after the step S5 is completed, and spraying the plant growth regulator according to the growth vigor; And S7, applying a secondary element fertilizer in the full-fruit period, namely spraying the secondary element fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium on the leaf surfaces when the peanuts enter the full-fruit period after the step S6 is completed.