CN-121970663-A - Method for constructing good seedling conditions of south Xinjiang machine-harvested cotton fields

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing good seedling conditions of a cotton field picked by a south ARUM machine. The method comprises the steps of cotton field preparation, soil preparation and sowing, drip irrigation after sowing and management after sowing, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 8-15 days in 9 months in the last year, the drip irrigation amount is 30-55 m < 3 >/mu, after the mechanical harvesting time is 10 months in the last year and 20 days in the last year, the drip irrigation belt, the mulching film, the straw smashing and returning time and the mechanical type selected by the soil preparation are determined according to the soil type of the cotton field, sowing is carried out immediately after the soil preparation is completed, the working procedures of a sowing machine are film laying, film pressing, soil covering and/or no soil covering, punching, sowing and pressing/pressing are carried out afterwards, the seedling water is dripped twice, the drip irrigation amount is 18-25 m < 3 >/mu each time at a dripping interval, and at least 1 time should be followed by water to apply acid fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer. By applying the method, the average seedling protection rate is 85.2%, the seedling protection rate is increased by 5.2%, the single yield of seed cotton is increased by 58.3 kg/mu, and a foundation is laid for continuous high yield of cotton fields picked by the south ARUM.

Inventors

• TIAN LIWEN
• LIANG FUBIN
• ZHANG NA
• GAO XUAN
• LIU HAIRONG
• Ahmadi Harik
• SUN TING
• ZHU MINGHUI
• LUO HONGHAI
• SUN HUIJIAN
• TIAN YU
• WANG LIANG
• GUO RENSONG
• LIU CHANGWEN
• Ilshati Abuleti
• LV QINGQING

Assignees

• 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院
• 石河子大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260214

Claims (10)

1. 1. The method for constructing the good seedling condition of the south Xinjiang machine picked cotton field is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, cotton field preparation, which comprises the following steps: Step 1.1, drip irrigation before mechanical picking, namely adding one drip irrigation before mechanical picking when a plurality of brown or dark brown spots appear on the surface of a boll shell at the upper part of cotton or more than 30% of bolls are boll spouted; Step 1.2, mechanically picking and subsequently preparing, wherein the mechanically picking time is 10 months and 20 days after the last year, after mechanically picking, the cotton fields with heavy soil sandiness finish the operation of drip irrigation belts, mulching film recovery and straw crushing and returning before spring sowing and plowing in the next year, and other soil type cotton fields finish the operation within 45 days after mechanically picking; Step 2, soil preparation and sowing, which comprises the following steps: 2.1. Soil preparation before sowing, which comprises ploughing, harrowing and soil chemical sealing weeding, wherein the ploughing depth is 50-70 cm during soil preparation, the deep ploughing depth and the ploughshare dip angle of an operation site are combined, the ploughshare dip angle of a sandy loam cotton field with relatively light saline alkali is regulated to 18-22 DEG through a ploughshare dip angle regulating mechanism, other saline alkali relatively heavy cotton fields are regulated to 15-18 DEG downwards, the raw soil is prevented from being upturned, no chemical fertilizer is applied before ploughing, residual film recovery is carried out for 1-2 times during the soil preparation process, the cotton field after soil preparation reaches the standard of 'flat, crushed, clean and neat', and presents an upper loose and lower solid state, and the relative water content of a soil cultivation layer is 40-60%; seeding operation, namely selecting seeding time to avoid continuous low-temperature wet weather more than 5 days after seeding, seeding by a seeder, wherein the operation items comprise film laying, film pressing, punching, seeding and earthing, the drip irrigation belt is of an embedded patch type, and the flow rate of a drip head is 1.38L/h, 1.8L/h or 2.0L/h; Step 3, drip irrigation after sowing, which comprises the steps of completing drip irrigation within 5 days after sowing, and drip-irrigating until the width of a wet soil belt outside each of the left and right side films of the cotton field is 2-3 cm; And 4, managing after sowing, wherein the management comprises intertillage, earthing and bud period water dripping.
2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.1, the drip irrigation amount is adjusted to 30-55 m 3/mu when the drip irrigation time before mechanical harvest is 9 months 8-15 days in the last year or 1 week before defoliation ripening agent is sprayed, and the drip irrigation amount is adjusted to be within 25m 3/mu when the drip irrigation time before mechanical harvest is 9 months 16 days in the last year.
3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the relative water content of the soil after plowing is greater than 55%, the soil should be dried for 1-2 days and then the soil should be raked, and when the soil moisture content is low, the plowing, raking, soil chemical sealing weeding and sowing operations should be continuously and uninterruptedly completed.
4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2.1, the soil preparation is completed within 2 to 4 days before sowing for cotton fields with heavy soil sand, the raking machine adopts a rake group without a notch rake or a spike rake, a split-type soil leveling frame with a pressing roller and a compacting trowel is required to be equipped, the soil preparation is completed within 4 to 6 days before sowing for cotton fields with other soil types, and the raking machine needs a notch rake, a pressing roller and a compacting trowel for cotton fields with heavy soil viscosity or large soil lumps which are difficult to crush.
5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step 2.2, the duckbill of the planter hill-drop planter is cross-shaped and has a length of 2.6-3.0 cm.
6. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2.2, when the working procedures are film laying, film pressing, soil covering, punching, seeding and compacting, a hill planter of the seeder is mounted at the rear, and when the working procedures are film laying, film pressing, punching and seeding, soil covering is performed after cotton emergence, and a soil covering roller and a hanging compacting roller of the seeder are removed.
7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, water is used for drip irrigation twice with the mineralization degree less than or equal to 3g/L, the drip irrigation working pressure is 3-7 m, the drip irrigation amount is 18-25 m < 3 >/mu each time, and any one or any combination of a plurality of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoamine phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acid fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer is applied along with water in at least one drip irrigation.
8. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step 4, the depth of the cultivation after sowing is 15 to 18cm, and the edge-film protection belt is 8 to 10cm.
9. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step 4, the soil covering is performed by mechanically covering the non-covered cotton field within 1 to 2 days before and after the 3-leaf 1-core period.
10. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step 4, the time for dripping water in the first bud stage is from the middle and late 5 months to the beginning 6 months of the current year, the dripping amount is 35 to 45m 3/mu, and the soil conditioner is applied to the cotton fields with heavy saline and alkaline with water.

Description

Method for constructing good seedling conditions of south Xinjiang machine-harvested cotton fields Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical cotton field planting, and particularly relates to a method for constructing good seedling conditions of mechanical cotton fields in south Xinjiang, which is particularly suitable for planting mechanical cotton fields under the unique ecological condition of numerous oasis at the edges of a basin of the Tarim in south Xinjiang. Background The cotton area in south Xinjiang is the area with the largest planting area and higher yield, the annual planting area of south Xinjiang is about 2100 ten thousand mu, the total yield of the cotton area in south Xinjiang is about 50% of the whole country and more than 10% of the whole world, and the cotton area in south Xinjiang is definitely an important cotton planting area in China and is one of the most important cotton areas in the whole world. The water resource space-time distribution imbalance in the cotton region in south China mainly depends on ice and snow melting water in the cotton region in south China, the water source is low in temperature and less in melting water after machine picking in the middle and the last 10 months until spring sowing in the next 3 months, the soil moisture supplementing before spring sowing always faces a water-free availability dilemma, the water for agricultural planting is obviously reduced in the middle and the last 9 months (the key period of cotton boll maturity in the upper part of the year), the water source is relatively sufficient at the moment, and in the traditional planting mode, the water resource soil moisture in the period is not scientifically utilized, so that the problem that the natural soil moisture content of cotton fields is too poor, the quality of the cotton fields is difficult to reach standards, mechanical sowing is easy to misplacement, the sowing depth is uneven, even normal operation cannot be carried out in the next year is urgently needed to solve, and the problem that the cotton fields cannot be subjected to normal mechanical sowing operation due to the soil moisture content is urgent need. (2) Soil problems have the superposition influence that most of cotton field soil in a cotton region in south ARUM is sandy loam, and part of cotton field soil is cohesive loam with high viscosity, wherein the sandy loam has weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the cohesive loam cotton field is easy to form larger soil lumps and has relatively large soil humidity after plowing, and soil solution osmotic pressure is increased after water dripping along with soil salinization, so that cotton seed germination is inhibited, cotton seedlings are easy to be subjected to salt damage after emergence, growth retardation and the like, and the traditional seedling protection technology does not provide a special operable solution for the salinization problem. (3) The agricultural machinery configuration and the agricultural time engagement contradict that the planting scale of the cotton region in south ARUM is large, a large number of planting households exist, the planting area of each household is often hundreds of mu, even thousands of mu, the traditional agricultural machinery configuration standard is low, the operation efficiency is insufficient, and if the soil type of the cotton field is various due to abnormal weather such as sand dust and low temperature during spring sowing, the working procedures such as plowing, raking and sowing are easily interrupted, the optimal sowing time (usually 4 months, the middle ten days) is missed, and the seedling protection rate is further reduced. The current production situation of the cotton area in south Xinjiang has the pain point, although a successful seedling protection technology is applied in north Xinjiang at present, the seedling protection technology applied in north Xinjiang is unstable in seedling protection effect and even frequently fails due to the fact that the snow fall amount in winter in south Xinjiang is obviously lower than that in north Xinjiang, the local evaporation amount is large, and soil salinization is heavy. In addition, the seedling protection technology for cotton areas (such as yellow river basin, yangtze river basin and the like) with moist soil and no salinization at home and abroad is completely unsuitable for south ARUM cotton areas in arid and saline-alkali environments. For the problems of poor seedling condition and low cotton field yield of the soil moisture-retaining cotton field in the south Xinjiang, development of a seedling protection technology suitable for the ecological environment in the south Xinjiang is urgent to construct good seedling condition of the mechanically-picked cotton field in the south Xinjiang. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems of poor seedling condition and low cotton field yield of the soil moisture-lack cotton f