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CN-121970679-A - Flowering phase cooperation and compound pollination two-line hybridization method based on quinoa female mature-first female parent

CN121970679ACN 121970679 ACN121970679 ACN 121970679ACN-121970679-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a flowering phase synergy and compound pollination two-line hybridization method based on a quinoa female mature-first female parent, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding and hybrid seed production. The method comprises the steps of taking a quinoa plant with female mature-first characteristics as a female parent, enabling a pollen scattering period of the male parent to overlap with a pollen receiving window period of the female parent through cooperative regulation of a flowering period of the male parent, judging that the female parent is in a preferable pollen receiving window period when a female parent floret is in a fully opened state, a stigma branch is exposed, transparent mucus appears on the surface of the stigma branch, and a corresponding anther is not cracked, and combining wind-borne supplementary pollination, pollen collection and short-time preservation of the male parent and pollination by a pollinator during the period to obtain hybrid seeds. The female parent has self-pollination and fruiting capacity, so the invention belongs to a quinoa two-line hybridization method.

Inventors

  • WU XIANGYUN
  • HE PEIYANG
  • LI YUN
  • Kou Qiaohua

Assignees

  • 山西稼祺农业科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260319

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A two-line hybridization method based on flowering phase synergy and compound pollination of female parent of quinoa is characterized by comprising the steps of selecting quinoa material with female parent mature property as female parent, adjusting pollen scattering period of male parent to overlap or partially overlap with pollen receiving window period of female parent, utilizing natural wind force or artificial air flow to promote male parent pollen to migrate to female parent inflorescence to form auxiliary pollination when female parent pistil is mature and male parent pistil is not mature, adopting pollinator to carry out supplementary pollination on female parent inflorescence or floret after collecting male parent pollen, isolating and marking female parent inflorescence, single plant or cell after pollination, and harvesting hybrid seeds after maturation, wherein floret of female parent in pollination stage is in full open state, stigma branch at top of female pistil is exposed and has pollen receiving activity, and female parent has self-pollination binding capacity.
  2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the floret is in a substantially open state upon entry into the powdering window.
  3. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the floral sheet of the female parent floret is missing, degenerated, less or less obstructed from the column head branches to facilitate identification and pollination.
  4. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the criterion for pistil to reach a powdering activity comprises exposure of the stigma branches and appearance of transparent mucus on its surface.
  5. 5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the criterion for stamen immaturity comprises anther not dehiscence, pollen sac not opening or not entering the pollen stage.
  6. 6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the male parent flowering phase adjustment comprises one or more of synchronous sowing, staggered sowing, staged sowing to form a continuous powder supply belt, planting density adjustment, water fertilizer adjustment, wen Guanghuan border adjustment.
  7. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the parents are arranged in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:6 parent-parent, the parent being located upwind of the main wind direction and in some embodiments the parent plant height is higher than the parent plant height.
  8. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pollen of the male parent is collected in the early or full period of pollen dispersion and used immediately or after short-term storage at 4-10 ℃ with a relative humidity of 50-70% for no more than 24 hours.
  9. 9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pollinator is one or more of a brushing, blowing, spotting, micro-dispensing device and the pollinator is fed within 0-48 hours after the appearance of clear mucus on the stigmata branch surface.
  10. 10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein flowering processes between inflorescences of female mature female parent and plants or plants of the same lot are consistent, thereby improving pollen-affected window recognition efficiency and population pollination operation efficiency.

Description

Flowering phase cooperation and compound pollination two-line hybridization method based on quinoa female mature-first female parent Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding and hybrid seed production, and particularly relates to a method for carrying out two-line hybridization by using a quinoa female parent, in particular to a method for acquiring hybrid seeds based on female parent phenotype identification, pollen receiving window judgment, male parent flowering phase cooperative regulation, natural wind medium supplementary pollination, male parent pollen acquisition, short-time preservation and pollinator supplementary feeding. Background Quinoa has higher nutritive value, wider ecological adaptability and good industrial development prospect, and the hybridization breeding is an important technical approach for polymerizing excellent characters such as high yield, high quality, stress resistance and the like and creating new germplasm. However, quinoa flowers are tiny, inflorescence structures are complex, and the problems that a powder receiving window is difficult to identify, emasculation operation is difficult, labor capacity is large, flower devices are easy to damage, setting rate is unstable, group combination construction efficiency is low and the like often exist in conventional artificial hybridization. In the prior art, methods for hybridization using the female pre-maturing property of quinoa exist, for example, the scheme of publication No. CN108901832A uses the female parent property that pistils mature before stamens to realize artificial pollination hybridization without emasculation. The scheme has positive significance for simplifying the emasculation step, but under the clustered seed production scene, the problems of insufficient powder supply persistence of male parent, insufficient wind medium coverage, complete dependence on flower-by-flower or ear-by-ear artificial feeding efficiency and the like still exist. The inventor finds that one type of quinoa material has stable or more stable female mature property in long-term breeding practice. The material is not a male sterile line, but after the florets are opened, pistils reach the pollen-receiving activity before stamens, and can still be set by self-pollination when cross pollination is not performed. Therefore, the material is suitable to be used as a female parent material in two-line hybridization. Further studies have shown that female mature female parent suitable for the application of the invention is generally characterized by one or more of the following characteristics that firstly, florets are in a fully opened state when entering a pollinizable stage, secondly, the inflorescence is lost, degenerated and smaller or the top of the pistil is blocked by a powder structure less, so that the female parent is convenient for identification and pollination, thirdly, 2 or 3 exposed filament-shaped powder structures are generally visible at the top of the pistil, the plant corresponds to a stigma branch or a stigma split piece, the function of the female parent is similar to the powder receiving part of a maize filament, fourthly, the pistil is judged to be mature when transparent mucus appears on the surface of the stigma branch, and the pistil anther split, pollen bag opening or pollen scattering state can be judged to be mature, fifthly, flowering processes among the same-plant inflorescences or among same-batch plants are more consistent, and the female parent pollen is shorter or not higher than that of the male parent plants in some embodiments, so that the female parent pollen migration and supplementary pollination are more favorable. Further, pollen falls on the surface of the stigma branch and then germinates to form a pollen tube, the pollen tube grows downwards along the pollen column and enters an ovary and ovule to complete fertilization, so that the stigma branch is an important morphological mark for judging that a female parent enters a pollinatable stage and is a main pollen receiving part when artificial supplementary pollination and air-borne supplementary pollination are implemented. Therefore, there is still a need to provide a systematic two-line hybridization method surrounding the female parent of quinoa, which can achieve the synergistic effect of flowering phase, the group pollination efficiency, the natural wind medium assistance and the artificial feeding. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a flowering phase cooperation and compound pollination two-line hybridization method based on a female parent of quinoa, which aims to solve the problems that a pollen receiving window is difficult to judge, the artificial pollination efficiency is low completely depending on flower by flower, the population pollination coverage is insufficient, the maturing rate is unstable and the like in the conventional quinoa hybridization, and is particularly suitabl