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CN-121970777-A - Pollen suspension for improving shape and quality of perfume pomelo, and preparation method and application thereof

CN121970777ACN 121970777 ACN121970777 ACN 121970777ACN-121970777-A

Abstract

The invention discloses pollen suspension for improving the shape and quality of shaddock fruits, and a preparation method and application thereof. The pollen suspension is prepared by mixing 8-12 parts of xanthan gum, 5200-7800 parts of sucrose, 36-54 parts of calcium gluconate, 4-6 parts of boric acid and 40000-60000 parts of water, wherein the vigor of the grapefruit pollen is not lower than 70%, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the grapefruit pollen to the nutrient solution is 0.2-0.6 g/1L, the grapefruit pollen can be used for improving the fruit shape and quality of the grapefruit, compared with parthenocarpy in a natural state, the grapefruit fruit powder can be used for improving the fruit quality, reducing the abnormal fruit rate and peel thickness of the grapefruit, improving the edible rate of the fruit, increasing the soluble solid content in the pulp, optimizing the seed characteristics, obviously changing the seed state of the fruit, solving the problem of increasing the seed with the quality, improving the pollination operation efficiency and saving the labor investment.

Inventors

  • CAO JUNYING
  • DU JINGJING
  • WU SHI
  • YI HUALIN

Assignees

  • 华中农业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260114

Claims (8)

  1. 1. A pollen suspension for improving the shape and quality of grapefruit is characterized by being prepared by mixing nutrient solution and grapefruit pollen; the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of xanthan gum, 5200-7800 parts of sucrose, 36-54 parts of calcium gluconate, 4-6 parts of boric acid and 40000-60000 parts of water; the activity of the grapefruit pollen is not lower than 70%; The solid-liquid ratio of the grapefruit pollen to the nutrient solution is 0.2-0.6 g/1L.
  2. 2. Pollen suspension according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of xanthan gum, 6500 parts of sucrose, 45 parts of calcium gluconate, 5 parts of boric acid and 50000 parts of water.
  3. 3. The pollen suspension of claim 1 wherein the pollen is in a suspension form, When the activity of the grapefruit pollen is 70% -95%, the solid-liquid ratio of the grapefruit pollen to the nutrient solution is 0.6 g/1L; when the activity of the grapefruit pollen is more than 95%, the solid-liquid ratio of the grapefruit pollen to the nutrient solution is 0.2-0.4 g/1L.
  4. 4. Use of a pollen suspension according to any one of claims 1-3 in spray pollination of a perfume pomelo.
  5. 5. A method of preparing a pollen suspension as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 comprising the steps of: (1) Dissolving xanthan gum, namely boiling 2000-3000 parts by weight of water, adding 8-12 parts by weight of xanthan gum into the mixture for dissolving, stirring while adding, filtering warp cloth, and cooling to room temperature; (2) Dissolving sucrose, namely heating 8000-12000 parts by weight of water to 50-60 ℃, dissolving 5200-7800 parts by weight of sucrose, and stirring to cool to room temperature; (3) Dissolving the other components, namely respectively dissolving 36-54 parts by weight of calcium gluconate and 4-6 parts by weight of boric acid by using 400-600 parts by weight of the components, and stirring until no crystal residue exists; (4) Mixing and sizing, namely mixing the solutions obtained in steps (1) - (3), adding the mixture into the rest weight parts of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a nutrient solution; (5) Mixing the nutrient solution with the marjoram pollen with activity not less than 70%, and shaking thoroughly to obtain pollen suspension.
  6. 6. A method for improving the shape and quality of citrus grandis, characterized in that the pollen suspension according to any one of claims 1-3 is used for the spray pollination of citrus grandis.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 6, comprising: Carrying out spray pollination twice, wherein the first time is carried out in the initial flowering period, and the second time is carried out when the flowering quantity accounts for 50% of the total flowering quantity after two days apart; And selecting a single-hole fine mist spray nozzle, wherein the spray pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.3MPa, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the trunk is 30-50 cm.
  8. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of placing bees for assistance, wherein 5000-10000 bees are placed per mu for assistance pollination after each spraying is finished.

Description

Pollen suspension for improving shape and quality of perfume pomelo, and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to pollen suspension for improving the shape and quality of shaddock fruits, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Perfume pomelo is a new variety of high-quality pomelo of Lixian County in Hunan province, and is currently put into the development of the important and special industry in Linli county in Hunan province. The pomelo pulp is fresh, sweet, crisp, tender, sweet in aftertaste, rich in juice and slag, and has good market prospect. However, the perfume pomelo is affected by the ubiquitous self-flower incompatibility gene characteristics of the pomelos, and under the conventional single planting mode, the perfume pomelo is parthenocarpy, and the fruits are easy to have quality defects of irregular fruit shape, thick fruit peel (more than 33 mm), low edibility (less than 50 percent), low soluble solid content (less than 8.5 percent) and the like. Although cross pollination can obviously improve fruit quality, the prior art has obvious defects that the traditional cross pollination depends on high-concentration pollen manual dibbling, can improve flavor, but can lead to the rapid increase of the number of fruit seeds and plump seeds, reduces the edible rate, is contrary to the market demand of 'high quality and few seeds', has extremely low manual dibbling efficiency of about 0.5-1 mu per day, is difficult to cope with the large-scale planting demand of tight flowering phase and large flower quantity of the perfume pomelo, and is easy to influence the yield due to untimely pollination. At present, although pollinating nutrient solutions aiming at other fruit trees are reported in the prior art, single nutrient components or simple mixing are mostly adopted, the specific requirements of pomelos, especially perfume pomelos, are not met, low-concentration spray pollinating is occasionally applied to fruit trees such as apples, pears and the like, but the regulation and control effect on the fruit seed forms is not mentioned, and the special biological effect of the pollinating nutrient solutions on the perfume pomelos is not disclosed. To sum up, the following problems exist in the prior art: (1) The parthenocarpic quality defect is that under the influence of self-flower incompatible genes, the parthenocarpic deformity rate of the perfume pomelo is as high as 40% -50%, the thickness of the pericarp exceeds 33mm, the edible rate is lower than 50%, the soluble solid matter is also lower than 8.5%, the requirement of the market on high-quality pomelo fruit can not be met, and the problem of synergistic improvement of fruit shape, pericarp thickness, flavor and seed quantity can not be solved simultaneously in the prior art. (2) The traditional cross pollination has the defects that the traditional cross pollination does not screen specific pollen aiming at self-flower incompatible genes of the perfume pomelo, and high-concentration pollen manual counting is adopted, so that although the flavor can be improved, the single-fruit seed number can be obviously increased, the seed fullness is improved, and the edible rate is reduced. Meanwhile, the artificial spot fertilization is low in efficiency, the large-scale pollination requirement of the full-bloom stage of the perfume pomelo is difficult to match, and the problems of time tightness and heavy tasks exist. (3) The existing nutrient solution and the existing process are limited in that most of the existing fruit tree pollination nutrient solution is single component or is simply mixed, the synergistic effect among the components is not considered, and the formula is not designed aiming at the self-flower incompatibility characteristic of the perfume pomelo. The low-concentration spray is only used for improving the fruit setting rate in other fruit trees, the regulation and control effect on the shape of seeds is not found, and the requirement of synchronous optimization of quality-seed-efficiency of the perfume shaddock cannot be met Therefore, the method for screening the specific male parent pollen adaptive to the self-flower incompatibility gene, developing the synergistic ratio nutrient solution and establishing the efficient low-concentration spray pollination process is also a key for solving the quality and production efficiency problems of the perfume pomelo. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention needs to solve three main technical problems, namely firstly screening the specific male parent pollen adapting to the self-flower incompatible gene, promoting the formation of the shrunken seeds of the perfume shaddock through low-concentration pollen spraying, realizing the double effects of quality improvement and shrunken seed optimization, avoiding the problems of the rapid increa