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CN-121970828-A - Oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage and preparation method thereof

CN121970828ACN 121970828 ACN121970828 ACN 121970828ACN-121970828-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of silage, and discloses oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage and a preparation method thereof. The silage is prepared by mixing oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw according to a mass ratio of 4:6-8:2, and the preferable ratio is 6:4. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixed seeding forage grass planting, raw material pretreatment, mixed modulation, silage fermentation and the like. The invention realizes the complementation of the nutrition components by reasonable proportion, solves the problems of insufficient supply of high-quality forage grass and waste of highland barley straw resources in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region, has excellent fermentation quality (pH is less than or equal to 4.2, the content of lactic acid is high), balanced nutrition (the content of crude protein is high, the content of fiber is proper), the relative feeding value and the grading index of the crude feed reach the level 1 standard, the net income is obviously improved, and the invention is suitable for ruminant cultivation in the alpine region and provides an effective way for improving quality and efficiency and sustainable utilization of resources in animal husbandry.

Inventors

  • LI WEN
  • LIANG GUOLING
  • JU ZELIANG
  • LIU WENHUI

Assignees

  • 青海大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251218

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The silage is characterized by being prepared by mixing and silaging oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw, wherein the mass ratio of the oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass to the highland barley straw is 4:6-8:2, the pH value of the silage is less than or equal to 4.5, the lactic acid content is more than or equal to 26.7g/kg DM, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 8.39%, the neutral washing fiber content is less than or equal to 48.39%, the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio is less than or equal to 92.34g/kg TN, the acid washing fiber content is less than or equal to 31.4%, the relative feeding value is more than or equal to 112.95, and the coarse fodder grading index is more than or equal to 15.69.
  2. 2. Silage according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of oat-fed pea mixed sowing forage grass to highland barley straw is 6:4, the water content of the oat-fed pea mixed sowing forage grass is 70%, and the water content of the highland barley straw is 14%.
  3. 3. Silage according to claim 1, characterized in that the oat-fed pea mixed sowing forage grass is obtained by sowing oat variety green oat 3 and a-61 fed peas in a mixed sowing mode according to a theoretical sowing amount of 4:6, wherein the theoretical sowing amount of the oat is 225kg/hm2, and the theoretical sowing amount of the fed peas is 112kg/hm2.
  4. 4. A method of preparing the oat-fed pea mixed sowing forage with highland barley straw silage of any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: (1) Mixed sowing forage grass planting, namely sowing oat seeds and forage pea seeds in a mixed manner at a planting place according to a theoretical sowing amount of 4:6, applying a base fertilizer before planting, and carrying out dry farming management, and harvesting in the period from the milk-maturing period to the wax-maturing period and the pod-forming period of the forage peas to obtain oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass; (2) Pretreating raw materials, namely cutting oat-feed peas obtained in the step (1) into 2-3cm after kneading mixed sowing forage grass and cutting highland barley straw into 2-3cm after kneading; (3) Mixing, namely mixing pretreated oat-feed peas and highland barley straws according to a mass ratio of 4:6-8:2, regulating the water content of the mixture to 60-70% by using tap water, and fully and uniformly stirring; (4) Silage fermentation, namely filling the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a silage fermentation container, and fermenting for 20-40 days at natural temperature under the dark condition to obtain silage; Wherein the theoretical sowing amount of the oat is 225kg/hm2, and the theoretical sowing amount of the feeding peas is 112kg/hm2.
  5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the base fertilizer in step (1) is a mixture of diammonium phosphate 140-160kg hm -2 and urea 70-80kg hm -2 .
  6. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the harvesting time of the oat-fed pea mixed forage in step (1) is 90-100 days after planting, and the moisture content of the oat-fed pea mixed forage is 65% -75% during harvesting.
  7. 7. The process of claim 4, wherein the water content of the mixture is adjusted to 65% in step (3).
  8. 8. The process according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the fermentation time in step (4) is 30 days, and the silage fermentation vessel is a silage fermentation bag, each bag containing 15 to 25kg of the mixture.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the highland barley straw in the step (2) is a straw obtained by harvesting highland barley seeds, and the initial moisture content of the highland barley straw is 12% -16%.

Description

Oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of silage, in particular to oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage and a preparation method thereof. Background The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is an important ecological barrier in China and a production base of animal husbandry, and ruminant livestock such as yaks, tibetan sheep and the like are core varieties of local animal husbandry. However, under the influence of high-cold weather, the forage grass production in the area has the prominent problems of strong seasonality, insufficient supply of high-quality forage grass, shortage of forage grass in winter and spring, and the like, and severely restricts the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Meanwhile, highland barley is widely planted on Tibet plateau to generate a large amount of highland barley straws, but the highland barley straws have poor palatability and low digestibility due to hard texture, high lignin and cellulose content and low protein content, and have limited direct feeding value, so that a large amount of highland barley straws are burnt or abandoned, thereby not only causing resource waste, but also polluting the environment. The mixed sowing of oat and forage peas is a common forage grass production mode in alpine regions, the mixed sowing forage grass is rich in nutrition, high in crude protein content and good in fermentation quality after mixed silage, but when the mixed silage is independently used as basic coarse fodder for feeding, the mixed sowing forage grass has the problems of insufficient fiber content, high feeding cost and the like. The silage technology is an effective means for preserving and improving the quality of forage grass, and the oat-pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw are mixed for silage, so that the complementation of nutrition can be realized theoretically, the utilization rate of highland barley straw is improved, and the feeding cost is reduced. However, the current research on the system of the mixed silage in the alpine region is insufficient, and the key technologies such as proper mixing proportion, preparation process and the like are not clear, so that the popularization and application of the technology are limited. Therefore, the oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage which has balanced nutrition, good fermentation quality and low cost and is suitable for alpine regions and the preparation method thereof are developed, and the oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage has important significance for expanding forage grass sources, relieving grassland pressure and promoting cyclic agricultural development. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the silage with mixed sowing of the forage grass and the highland barley straw for oat-forage peas and the preparation method thereof, which realizes the resource integration of high-quality forage grass and waste straw, and obtains the silage with good fermentation quality, balanced nutrition and high economic benefit. The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the invention provides oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage which is characterized by being prepared by mixing and silaging oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw, wherein the mass ratio of the oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass to the highland barley straw is 4:6-8:2, the pH value of the silage is less than or equal to 4.5, the lactic acid content is more than or equal to 26.7g/kg DM, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 8.39%, the neutral washing fiber content is less than or equal to 48.39%, the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio is less than or equal to 92.34g/kg TN, the acid washing fiber content is less than or equal to 31.4%, and the relative feeding value is more than or equal to 112.95, and the coarse fodder grading index is more than or equal to 15.69. Further, the mass ratio of the oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass to the highland barley straw is 6:4, the water content of the oat-feed pea mixed sowing forage grass is 70%, and the water content of the highland barley straw is 14%. Further, the mixed sowing forage for oat-feeding peas is obtained by mixed sowing and planting of a variety of oat, namely Qingyan No. 3, and A-61 feeding peas according to a theoretical sowing amount of 4:6, wherein the theoretical sowing amount of the oat is 225kg/hm < 2 >, and the theoretical sowing amount of the feeding peas is 112kg/hm < 2 >. The invention also provides a method for preparing the oat-forage pea mixed sowing forage grass and highland barley straw silage, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Mixed sowing forage grass planting, name