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CN-121970836-A - Preparation method of composite algae microcapsule and application of composite algae microcapsule in tilapia feed

CN121970836ACN 121970836 ACN121970836 ACN 121970836ACN-121970836-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of active substance preparations, and discloses a preparation method of a composite algae microcapsule. The coated active multi-nutrition particles contain a plurality of active nutrient substances such as algae astaxanthin solid particles, nano-scale emulsified particle emulsion, fish dissolving pulp, yeast cell wall powder, silk algae powder and the like. The composite algae microcapsule is added into the tilapia compound feed, so that the spawning quantity, spawning quality and fertility rate of tilapia parent fish can be obviously improved, the hatching rate of seedlings is improved, the anti-stress capability, the immunocompetence and the growth performance of fish fries are enhanced, the breeding efficiency and the fry quality of tilapia breeding are optimized, and the technical problems of low parent fish breeding performance, weak fish fry constitution, low breeding survival rate and the like in the existing tilapia breeding are solved.

Inventors

  • WANG MINQI
  • WANG YUNQING
  • CAO JIANMENG
  • LI YAN
  • LI YILING

Assignees

  • 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司
  • 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260120

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the composite algae microcapsule is characterized by comprising the following raw materials, by weight, 30-40 parts of algae astaxanthin solid particles, 15-18 parts of a nano-scale emulsified particle emulsion, 15-20 parts of fish soluble pulp, 3-5 parts of yeast cell wall powder and 8-12 parts of silk algae powder; the preparation method of the composite algae microcapsule comprises the following steps: S201, adding half of fish dissolving pulp and silk algae powder, adding yeast cell wall powder, uniformly mixing, finally adding the rest half of fish dissolving pulp, adding deionized water, uniformly stirring to obtain mixed fluid, treating the mixed fluid by a high-pressure homogenizer for 1-2 times, and performing spray drying granulation to obtain mixed particles of 40-80 mu m; S202, adding solid particles of algae astaxanthin into emulsion of nano-scale emulsified particles, regulating the pH to 7.0-7.5, stirring for 15-20 minutes, standing for 5-10 minutes, then adding mixed particles, stirring for 15-20 minutes, standing for 5-10 minutes, wrapping the mixture layer by layer under the action of positive and negative charges, drying and granulating at low temperature to obtain active multi-nutrition particles, wherein the core layer is the solid particles of algae astaxanthin, the middle layer is the nano-scale emulsified particles, and the outer layer is mixed particles of fish dissolving pulp, yeast cell wall powder and silk algae powder; S203, adding the active multi-nutrition particles into a uniform wrapper mixed solution, keeping the pH value at 7.0-7.5, slowly stirring to uniformly disperse the active multi-nutrition particles, stopping stirring, standing for 20-30 minutes, slowly stirring at the speed of 100-120 r/min for 10-20 minutes, standing for 20-30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed microsphere mixed solution, filtering the microsphere mixed solution, centrifuging the obtained precipitate at 3000-4000r/min for 5-8 minutes, washing for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying a sample obtained by centrifugation at-50-40 ℃ for 4-6 hours to obtain the composite algae microcapsule; the mass ratio of the active multi-nutrition particles to the wrapping material mixed solution is 3-4:1.5-1.8.
  2. 2. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules of claim 1, wherein the method for preparing algae astaxanthin solid particles specifically comprises the following steps: s1, drying haematococcus pluvialis at a low temperature of 0-10 ℃ for 20-40 minutes, and taking out and crushing the haematococcus pluvialis to obtain haematococcus pluvialis powder at a low temperature of 0-5 ℃ through ultrasonic wall breaking; s2, adding haematococcus pluvialis powder into an organic solvent with a volume ratio of ethanol to ethyl acetate of 3:1, and uniformly mixing at 20-30 ℃ for 120-150 minutes by a magnetic stirrer, separating haematococcus pluvialis residues from liquid by centrifugal separation at a rotating speed of 8000-10000r/min, and taking upper liquid; S3, distilling the upper liquid under reduced pressure to obtain concentrated astaxanthin oil, adding vitamin E, stirring uniformly, adding silicon dioxide, mixing uniformly, and loading astaxanthin into the silicon dioxide to obtain algae astaxanthin solid particles, wherein the mass ratio of the vitamin E to the silicon dioxide to the astaxanthin oil is 0.2:2:3; The silica is oleophylic mesoporous silica special for feeds, the oil absorption value is more than or equal to 2.2g/g, and the aperture is 30-50 nm.
  3. 3. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion of positively charged nanoscale emulsified particles is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of tributyrin, 3 parts of glyceryl monostearate, 5 parts of tea tree oil, 12 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 12 parts of 1.5% chitosan aqueous solution are subjected to a high-pressure homogenization method to prepare a nanoscale emulsion, the pH value is regulated to 5.5-6.0, a flavor composition agent is added, and the mixture is fully stirred to obtain an emulsion of uniformly-dispersed positively-charged nanoscale emulsified particles; The flavor composition agent is a mixture of lysine and arginine, and the mass ratio of the lysine to the arginine is 1:3.
  4. 4. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules according to claim 3, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine extract is prepared by selecting, by weight, 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 8-15 parts of angelica extract, 5-10 parts of motherwort extract, 4-8 parts of eucommia bark extract, 1-2 parts of beta-cyclodextrin and 20-30 parts of deionized water, stirring the raw materials for 20-30 minutes, standing for 5 minutes, and filtering to obtain an upper liquid.
  5. 5. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules of claim 1, wherein the fish pulp is an enzymatic fish pulp, specifically: S01, brushing the collected fish scales, fish skin and fish bones with clear water, soaking in a 1% citric acid solution for 1 hour, washing with deionized water, and grinding in a colloid mill to obtain paste; S02, adding an extracting solution, swirling for 10 minutes at a feed liquid ratio of 1:1-3, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 15000r/min, taking a supernatant, placing the supernatant in a vacuum freeze drying machine, rapidly freezing for 3 hours at-60 to-40 ℃, and drying at a low temperature for 10 hours to obtain freeze-dried powder; s03, taking freeze-dried powder, adding a compound enzyme solution, and carrying out vortex for 5 minutes according to a feed liquid ratio of 40:1; s04, carrying out ultrasonic enzymolysis for 3-6 hours at 50 ℃, and carrying out nanofiltration purification on the enzymolysis liquid for 2-5 hours to obtain the high-concentration enzymolysis fish pulp.
  6. 6. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein the coating is a coating mixed solution prepared by modified corn starch, chitosan and an emulsifier, and specifically comprises the following steps: S101, adding corn starch into deionized water, uniformly stirring, slowly heating to 80-90 ℃, stirring for 20-40 minutes, starting gelatinization of the corn starch in a second stage of a first stage, continuing stirring reaction, adding glycerol, stirring for 20-40 minutes, drying, crushing, and grinding to obtain modified micromolecular starch particles; the mass ratio of the glycerol to the corn starch to the deionized water is 1:20:80; s102, dispersing gelatinized starch particles in deionized water, adding sodium bicarbonate, adjusting the pH value to 8.5-9, adding arginine, controlling the temperature to 35-45 ℃, introducing amino groups into the small molecular starch particles to generate small molecular starch particles with cations, and drying for later use; S103, adding sodium tripolyphosphate into deionized water, adding sodium bicarbonate, adjusting the pH value to 8.5-9, then dropwise adding the sodium tripolyphosphate into small molecule starch particles with cations at normal temperature, rapidly stirring while dropwise adding, then placing the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath with the temperature of 85-90 ℃ for heating, reacting for 40-60 minutes, continuously stirring and cooling to 30-40 ℃, then adding octenyl succinic anhydride diluted by glycerol, stirring for 30-40 minutes at 30-40 ℃, drying at low temperature to remove glycerol, and grinding to obtain amphoteric starch particles; Wherein the mass ratio of the sodium tripolyphosphate to the arginine to the octenyl succinic anhydride to the modified micromolecular starch particles is 0.8-1:0.8-1.2:0.5-0.6:15-20; S104, adding chitosan into 0.3% citric acid aqueous solution at 50-60 ℃, rapidly stirring to dissolve the chitosan, then sequentially adding amphoteric starch granules and glyceryl stearate, heating in a constant-temperature water bath kettle, controlling the temperature to be 60-70 ℃, stirring at 300-500 r/min, stirring for 40-60 min until the chitosan is uniformly dispersed, regulating the pH value to be 6.5-7, obtaining uniform wrapper mixed solution, and cooling to 40-50 ℃ for later use; the mass ratio of the amphoteric starch granules to the chitosan to the glyceryl stearate to the citric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3% is 15-20:3-5:2-3:30-40.
  7. 7. The method for preparing composite algae microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure homogenization is adopted for 2-3 times, wherein the homogenization pressure is 30-60 mpa, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-20 minutes.
  8. 8. The preparation method of the composite algae microcapsule according to claim 5, wherein the extracting solution consists of betaine, citric acid, vitamin C and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution is 3:5:2:50, and the composite enzyme solution consists of flavourzyme, subtilisin and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the flavourzyme to the subtilisin is 2-3:1-2:10; The fish soluble paste is derived from one or more of tilapia, grass carp, silver carp or crucian carp.
  9. 9. A tilapia feed additive is characterized in that the preparation method of the composite algae microcapsule according to any one of claims 1-8 is characterized in that the prepared composite algae microcapsule is a tilapia feed additive, the addition amount of the composite algae microcapsule in parent fish feed is 1.0-5.0%, the nutrition requirements of gonad development and reproductive performance improvement are met, and the addition amount of the composite algae microcapsule in fish fry feed is 1.0-2.0%, so that the digestion capability of young fish is adapted.

Description

Preparation method of composite algae microcapsule and application of composite algae microcapsule in tilapia feed Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of active substance preparations, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a composite algae microcapsule and application of the composite algae microcapsule in tilapia feed. Background In the artificial tilapia culture process, the reproductive performance of parent fish directly determines the supply quantity and quality of fries, and the constitution of fries directly influences the culture survival rate, growth speed and final culture benefit. At present, the problems of small parent fish spawning amount, unfocused spawning, high spawning deformity rate, low fertility rate and the like commonly exist in tilapia culture in China, meanwhile, the fertilized spawn is easily influenced by environmental stress and pathogenic bacteria infection in the hatching process, so that the hatching rate is less than 60%, and the phenomena of weak anti-stress capability, low immune function, slow growth, low survival rate and the like commonly exist in the hatched fries, so that the culture cost is increased, and the large-scale expansion and standardized production of the tilapia culture industry are seriously influenced. The main reason for the problems is that the nutrition ratio of the existing tilapia compound feed is unreasonable, and the existing tilapia compound feed lacks functional components capable of improving the reproductive performance of parent fish and improving the physique of fish fries. The existing tilapia feed mostly uses grains, bean pulp, fish meal and the like as main raw materials, can only meet the basic growth requirement of tilapia, can not provide sufficient functional nutrients for parent fish reproduction, and also is difficult to effectively enhance the immunocompetence and anti-stress capability of fish fries. The feed has low protein conversion rate and resource waste, and causes the environmental pollution problems of high ammonia nitrogen content in the culture water body and the like. Meanwhile, in the prior art, the burden of livers is reduced by reducing the fat content ratio in the feed, or a traditional Chinese medicine extract for improving intestinal digestion and absorption is added in an auxiliary way in the feed so as to improve and enhance the intestinal digestion capability of tilapia, but the traditional Chinese medicine extract cannot meet the requirement of the growth nutrition of the intensive tilapia culture, and the traditional Chinese medicine extract is easy to cause great reduction of the palatability of the tilapia feed, has poor feed stability and low ingestion rate, influences the utilization rate of the tilapia feed and is slow to grow. The tilapia farming industry pursues maximization of yield for a long time, but the full utilization of nutrients and pollution to water environment are ignored, the prevalence of tilapia is increased, and the growth of tilapia is very unfavorable. Therefore, the tilapia feed additive with good palatability and high stability is prepared, so that the protein and fat utilization rate of tilapia can be improved, the digestion and absorption of feed can be enhanced, the stable feeding rate can be effectively ensured, and the feeding stability of feed can be improved, so that the tilapia feed additive is more suitable for the growth and development of large-scale tilapia cultivation. The Chinese patent with publication number CN114271412B discloses a mixed feed for improving the water-mildew resistance of tilapia and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mixed feed is prepared by drying and crushing tea residues, extracting and recovering proteins in the tea residues to obtain low-fiber tea residue proteins containing high-stability polyphenols, and compounding the tea residue proteins, soybean oil, vitamins, mineral substances, fish meal, flour and gramineous crop offal into the mixed feed. However, the patent is not directed to providing sufficient functional nutrients to increase the utilization rate of the feed, and it is difficult to effectively enhance the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of the fry. The Chinese patent publication No. CN116218679B discloses a functional feed additive for improving the quality of tilapia mossambica, and provides a strain of yellow silk algae, a culture method thereof and a prepared aquatic functional feed. Can be used as immunopotentiator for improving growth performance and growth speed of tilapia, enhancing oxidation resistance of tilapia, improving resistance to external environmental pressure during culturing, reducing lipid deposition of liver and susceptibility to pathogenic microorganism, and improving liver health and disease resistance. Meanwhile, the antibacterial agent can replace partial substances such as antibiotics, disinfectants, antibacterial agents and the like. H