CN-121971154-A - Intramedullary nail distal end locating hole alignment system and method

CN121971154ACN 121971154 ACN121971154 ACN 121971154ACN-121971154-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for aligning a distal positioning hole of an intramedullary nail, and relates to the technical field of medical appliances. The magnetic field generating device is electrically connected with the controller with a display and used for providing a magnetic field with preset characteristics for the sensor, the sensor is a magnetic sensor and is electrically connected with the probe and is arranged on the probe to acquire magnetic field induction data, the probe is positioned at the top end of the bougie, two ends of the bougie are respectively electrically connected with the sensor and the controller to transmit the magnetic induction data acquired by the sensor to the controller, the controller generates a magnetic induction curve for displaying the magnetic induction curve on the display, and the operation device is aligned with the intramedullary nail positioning hole in vitro through the guide mechanism. And adjusting the posture position of the magnetic field generating device to enable the magnetic induction curve to reach a preset curve, and thus the alignment of the positioning holes can be completed. The invention has the advantages of few components and low cost, and can rapidly, stably and reliably realize the alignment operation of the positioning holes with higher precision.

Inventors

LIAO SONGLIN
Jing Gangshan
ZHAO WEIKANG
DU XING
HUANG QIUXIN

Assignees

重庆大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260202

Claims (10)

1. The intramedullary nail distal end positioning hole alignment system is characterized by comprising a probe (2), a sensor (1), a bougie (4), a controller (6), a magnetic field generating device and a guide mechanism; the magnetic field generating device is electrically connected with a controller (6) with a display and provides a magnetic field with preset characteristics for the sensor (1); the sensor (1) is a magnetic sensor, at least one sensor is electrically connected with the probe (2) and is arranged on the probe (2) to acquire magnetic field induction data, and the probe (2) is positioned at the top end of the bougie (4); the two ends of the bougie (4) are respectively and electrically connected with the sensor (1) and the controller (6), and magnetic induction data acquired by the sensor (1) are transmitted to the controller (6); The controller (6) generates a magnetic induction curve from the received magnetic induction data and displays the magnetic induction curve on the display; The guide mechanism is used for aligning the working device with the intramedullary nail locating hole outside the body.
2. The intramedullary nail distal end positioning hole alignment system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating device comprises a motor (7), a hollow rotating shaft (8) and a permanent magnet (9), wherein the motor (7) is electrically connected with the controller (6), one end of the hollow rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor (7), and the other end is fixedly connected with the permanent magnet (9).
3. An intramedullary nail distal positioning hole alignment system according to claim 2, characterized in that the output shaft of the motor (7) is a hollow shaft and the permanent magnet (9) is provided with a central hole.
4. A intramedullary nail distal positioning hole alignment system according to claim 3, wherein the guiding means comprises a central hole of the output shaft of the motor (7), a central hole of the hollow shaft (8), a central hole of the permanent magnet (9).
5. The intramedullary nail distal positioning hole alignment system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating device comprises an energizing coil, a hollow rotating shaft (8), and a motor (7), the motor (7) is electrically connected with the controller (6), one end of the hollow rotating shaft (8) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor (7), and the other end is fixedly connected with the energizing coil.
6. The intramedullary nail distal locating hole alignment system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating means is at least two sets of energized coils.
7. An intramedullary nail distal positioning hole alignment system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor (1) is a triaxial magnetic sensor or a plurality of uniaxial magnetic sensors or hall sensors or a coil capable of inducing a magnetic field change.
8. An intramedullary nail distal locating hole alignment system according to claim 1, wherein the bougie (4) has rotational rigidity, incorporating a communication cable.
9. The intramedullary nail distal locating hole alignment system of claim 1, wherein the bougie is provided with a locating mark indicating the depth of insertion into the intramedullary nail and the rotation angle of the bougie.
10. An intramedullary nail distal end locating hole alignment method, comprising the steps of: Generating a magnetic field with preset characteristics by using a magnetic field generating device; Acquiring magnetic induction data through a sensor (1), forming a magnetic induction curve by using a controller (6) through the magnetic field induction data, displaying the magnetic induction curve on a display, moving a magnetic field generating device under the condition of a visual range before a probe (2) enters an intramedullary nail (3), observing the relative position between the magnetic field generating device and the probe (2), and confirming that the shape of the magnetic induction curve accords with the expectation; and thirdly, the probe (2) enters the intramedullary nail (3) under the assistance of the bougie (4), a preset position and a preset gesture are achieved through a positioning mark on the bougie (4), the magnetic field generating device is moved, when a magnetic induction curve meets a preset curve form, the alignment state of the magnetic field generating device and the probe (2) is determined, and then the guide mechanism is utilized to realize the alignment operation of the operating device and a distal positioning hole of the intramedullary nail.

Description

Intramedullary nail distal end locating hole alignment system and method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to an intramedullary nail distal end positioning hole alignment system and method. Background Intramedullary nails are widely used in the assistance of fracture restoration in the femur, humerus, etc. In use, the interlocking intramedullary nail secures the screw through the intramedullary nail locking holes at the distal and proximal ends to achieve fixation between the intramedullary nail and the bone to be locked. For the proximal end, the intramedullary nail has small deformation and can be accurately aligned with the positioning hole with the aid of an external mechanical device. However, for the distal end, the intramedullary nail is subject to bending and displacement during insertion into the intramedullary cavity to correct or restore the fracture, and this deformation presents a significant challenge for the alignment of the distal locking holes. At present, the conventional intramedullary nail distal positioning hole alignment is mainly divided into two types, namely, coarse alignment is carried out under the assistance of a mechanical distal aiming bracket, and then perspective aiming is carried out through X-rays, wherein the method is a gold standard, but exposes a patient and a doctor in a radiation environment and consumes more time, and the second type is to feed back the intramedullary nail distal positioning hole through media such as light/magnetism/heat and the like, and then alignment is carried out through a positioning system and the like. The current methods have two main problems, namely, firstly, complex system, more components, high cost, high failure rate and more disinfection burden in medical environment. Secondly, most methods have the splitting of a positioning space and a physical space, and it is easy to realize higher positioning precision in the positioning space, but in the registration process of the positioning space and the physical space, besides errors caused by inaccuracy of a physical model, distortion of the positioning space caused by electromagnetic interference, metal interference and the like in an actual operation space exists, and the final alignment precision is reduced even to the extent that the final alignment precision cannot be used due to time-varying and nonlinear spaces. How to realize the high-precision alignment of the distal positioning hole of the intramedullary nail as compactly as possible, shortens the operation time, reduces the radiation and improves the reliability, and has practical significance. Accordingly, there is a need for a spatial alignment system and method for locating a hole in the distal end of an intramedullary nail that addresses the above-described problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system and a method for aligning a distal positioning hole of an intramedullary nail, which relate to less components, have low cost and can rapidly, stably and reliably realize higher-precision positioning hole alignment operation. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the intramedullary nail distal end positioning hole alignment system comprises a probe, a sensor, a bougie, a controller, a magnetic field generating device and a guide mechanism; the magnetic field generating device is electrically connected with the controller with the display and provides a magnetic field with preset characteristics for the sensor; the sensor is a magnetic sensor, at least one sensor is electrically connected with the probe and is arranged on the probe to acquire magnetic field induction data; the two ends of the bougie are respectively and electrically connected with the sensor and the controller, and magnetic induction data acquired by the sensor are transmitted to the controller; The controller generates a magnetic induction curve from the received magnetic induction data and displays the magnetic induction curve on the display; The guide mechanism is used for aligning the working device with the intramedullary nail locating hole outside the body. Preferably, the magnetic field generating device comprises a motor, a hollow rotating shaft and a permanent magnet, wherein the motor is electrically connected with the controller, one end of the hollow rotating shaft is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the hollow rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the permanent magnet. Preferably, the output shaft of the motor is a hollow shaft, and the permanent magnet is provided with a central hole. Preferably, the guiding mechanism comprises a central hole of an output shaft of the motor, a central hole of the hollow rotating shaft and a central hole of the permanent magnet. Preferably, the magnetic field generating device compri