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CN-121971833-A - Composite explosion suppressant and preparation method thereof

CN121971833ACN 121971833 ACN121971833 ACN 121971833ACN-121971833-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust explosion prevention and control, in particular to a composite explosion suppressant and a preparation method thereof. The composite explosion suppressant comprises, by mass, 40-60% of silicate mineral powder, 20-35% of phosphate explosion suppressant and 15-25% of biomass charcoal. According to the invention, through the cooperation of physical inerting of silicate mineral powder, chemical inhibition of phosphate explosion suppressant and surface adsorption of biomass charcoal, a protection system for covering the whole explosion process is formed, and the overall explosion suppression efficiency is remarkably improved. The silicate powder can form a compact coating layer on the surface of dust to isolate oxygen and prevent flame propagation, the phosphate is heated to decompose and release inert gas to promote the formation of a stable carbon layer and terminate free radical chain reaction, and the biomass carbon adsorbs combustible gas and free radicals by virtue of developed pores and cooperates with the phosphate to enhance the stability of the carbon layer so as to realize complementation and synergy of different explosion suppression stages.

Inventors

  • LI ZHENGKUN
  • LIU YANG
  • HU WEIZHAO
  • CHU FUKAI
  • Hou yanbei
  • SONG LEI
  • HU YUAN

Assignees

  • 安徽粮食工程职业学院
  • 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院
  • 中国科学技术大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260127

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The composite explosion suppressant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of silicate mineral powder, 20-35% of phosphate explosion suppressant and 15-25% of biomass charcoal.
  2. 2. The composite explosion suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the silicate mineral powder is at least one selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, bentonite, illite and pyrophyllite, and has a specific surface area of 20m 2 /g or more and a particle diameter D50 of 10 μm or less.
  3. 3. The composite explosion suppressant of claim 1, wherein the phosphate-based explosion suppressant is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate.
  4. 4. The composite explosion suppressant of claim 1, wherein the biomass char is produced by pyrolysis of agricultural waste under an inert atmosphere selected from nitrogen or argon at a temperature of 400-600 ℃.
  5. 5. The composite explosion suppressant according to claim 4, wherein the specific surface area of biomass charcoal is more than or equal to 200m 2 /g, and the pore diameter is 2-50nm.
  6. 6. The composite explosion suppressant of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant, wherein the mass fraction of surfactant in the composite explosion suppressant is 0.5-3%.
  7. 7. The composite explosion suppressant of claim 6, wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from sodium polyacrylate and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the composite explosion suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: Mixing the components, sequentially crushing and sieving to obtain the composite explosion suppressant.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the mixing is performed at a rotational speed of 200-500r/min for 10-30min.
  10. 10. A method of suppressing explosion of grain dust, characterized in that the composite explosion suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is added to grain dust.

Description

Composite explosion suppressant and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of dust explosion prevention and control, in particular to a composite explosion suppressant and a preparation method thereof. Background Grain dust (such as wheat flour, corn starch and the like) is easy to form explosive dust cloud in the processing, conveying and storing processes, and serious explosion accidents are easy to be caused when naked flame or high temperature is encountered. In order to prevent such risks, the prior art adopts a method for adding inert explosion suppression powder into dust environment, and common types include chemical explosion suppression agents which are represented by sodium bicarbonate and generate inert gas through thermal decomposition, phosphate explosion suppression agents which are represented by ammonium polyphosphate and have chemical free radical termination and physical inertization, and silicate mineral powder which is represented by diatomite, montmorillonite and the like and mainly plays roles in physical oxygen isolation and cooling. However, the single or simply formulated explosion suppressant has limitations in practical applications. Sodium bicarbonate has rapid but insufficient action and high effective inhibition concentration, silicate mineral powder has limited chemical inhibition effect and needs to be added in a large amount, and part of high-efficiency phosphate has the balance problem of cost and environmental friendliness. More importantly, effective synergistic mechanisms are often lacking among various explosion suppression components, so that the overall explosion suppression efficiency is difficult to further improve, and the total addition amount required for reaching a safety threshold is large, so that the subsequent utilization of protected materials or the increase of environmental load can be influenced. Therefore, the composite explosion suppressant which is based on a clear synergistic mechanism, can realize efficient explosion suppression, is environment-friendly and is convenient for large-scale production and use is developed, and has important practical significance for improving the dust explosion protection level of the grain industry. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art and provides a composite explosion suppressant and a preparation method thereof, and the multi-level and multi-mechanism suppression of dust explosion is realized through the synergistic effect of silicate mineral powder, phosphate explosion suppressant and biomass charcoal. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a composite explosion suppressant, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of silicate mineral powder, 20-35% of phosphate explosion suppressant and 15-25% of biomass charcoal. Preferably, the silicate mineral powder is at least one selected from diatomite, bentonite, illite and pyrophyllite, the specific surface area of the silicate mineral powder is more than or equal to 20m 2/g, and the particle size D50 is less than or equal to 10 mu m. Preferably, the phosphate explosion suppressant is at least one selected from ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. Preferably, the biomass charcoal is prepared by pyrolysis of agricultural waste under an inert atmosphere selected from nitrogen or argon, and the pyrolysis temperature is 400-600 ℃. Preferably, the specific surface area of the biomass charcoal is more than or equal to 200m 2/g, and the aperture is 2-50nm. Preferably, the explosion suppression agent also comprises a surfactant, wherein the mass fraction of the surfactant in the composite explosion suppression agent is 0.5-3%. Preferably, the surfactant is at least one selected from sodium polyacrylate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite explosion suppressant, which comprises the following steps: Mixing the components, sequentially crushing and sieving to obtain the composite explosion suppressant. Preferably, the mixing speed is 200-500r/min and the mixing time is 10-30min. The invention also provides a method for inhibiting grain dust explosion, which adds the composite explosion inhibitor into grain dust. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. The invention provides a composite explosion suppressant, which comprises, by mass, 40-60% of silicate mineral powder, 20-35% of phosphate explosion suppressant and 15-25% of biomass charcoal. According to the invention, through the cooperation of physical inerting of silicate mineral powder, chemical inhibition of phosphate explosion suppressant and surface adsorption of biomass charcoal, a protection system for covering the whole explosion process is formed, and the overall explosion suppression efficiency is remarkably improved. The silicate powder can form a compact coating layer