CN-121971950-A - Adsorption type CO2High-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system and operation method

Abstract

An adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon trapping system and an operation method belong to the technical field of carbon trapping. Comprises a heat storage adsorption tower, a heat exchange system and a carbon sealing module. The gas-heat couple Chu Da provides heat supply with stable temperature and flow for heat users along with the promotion of a temperature change zone in the adsorption process, and compared with the conventional carbon capture technology, the gas-heat couple Chu Da utilizes the sensible heat of adsorption heat, an adsorbent and a bed layer, reduces energy consumption and improves energy utilization rate. The gas-heat couple Chu Da outputs normal-temperature CO 2 in the desorption process, reduces the cooling process, improves the carbon sealing efficiency, and simultaneously, the compression heat of the compressor is stored in the gas-heat couple Chu Da, so that the carbon trapping cost is further reduced. The gas-heat combined storage carbon capture system has a heat storage function, which is equivalent to reducing the investment cost of the heat storage system, utilizes new energy electric energy or factory waste heat in the circulation process, provides heat energy for heat users, reduces the consumption of fossil energy and reduces carbon emission.

Inventors

• GAO JIANMIN
• DU QIAN
• ZHANG YU
• Cao Yihuai
• DONG HEMING
• LI XIMEI

Assignees

• 哈尔滨工业大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260213

Claims (6)

1. 1. An adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system is characterized by comprising The heat storage adsorption tower (1) comprises a plurality of gas-heat combined storage units, and each combined storage unit operates in parallel; the heat exchange system comprises a heater (8) and two heat exchangers; the carbon sealing module comprises two compressors and two intercoolers, wherein the compressors and the intercoolers are operated in series and are alternately arranged.
2. 2. The adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system disclosed by claim 1 is characterized in that two heat exchangers of the heat exchange system are a first heat exchanger (2) and a second heat exchanger (7) respectively, two compressors of the carbon storage module are a first compressor (3) and a second compressor (4) respectively, two intercoolers are a first intercooler (5) and a second intercooler (6) respectively, the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (7) can be connected into a heat storage adsorption tower (1), a heater (8) is arranged between the second heat exchanger (7) and the heat storage adsorption tower (1), and the first intercooler (5) and the second intercooler (6) are connected with the second heat exchanger (7) respectively.
3. 3. An operation method of the adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system is characterized in that the operation method is realized based on the system of claim 1 or claim 2, and comprises an adsorption process and a desorption process; in the adsorption process, the heat storage adsorption tower (1) and the heat exchange system operate; the method comprises the following steps: In an initial state, the temperature in the heat storage adsorption tower (1) is 330 ℃, and the adsorbent does not adsorb CO 2 at the moment; starting an adsorption process, blowing gas at about 30 ℃ into a heat storage adsorption tower (1) under the action of a blower (9), enabling the gas to be in contact with a bed layer at the front part of the heat storage adsorption tower (1) at first, performing heat exchange to form a heat exchange belt, enabling the temperature of the bed layer to be reduced, enabling the adsorbent to restore the adsorption capacity so as to capture CO 2 in the gas, and enabling the residual gas to be heated to 330 ℃ and discharged out of the heat storage adsorption tower (1); The heat energy is recycled, the 330 ℃ high-temperature gas discharged from the heat storage adsorption tower (1) enters the first heat exchanger (2) for heat exchange, and the cold side fluid of the first heat exchanger (2) can be used for meeting the requirements of heat users such as power generation, heating and the like after being heated; and fourthly, after the adsorption is finished, when the integral temperature of the heat storage adsorption tower (1) is reduced to 30 ℃, the adsorbent completely loses the adsorption capacity, the heat storage adsorption tower (1) is penetrated, and the adsorption process is finished.
4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the heat exchange belt in the heat storage adsorption tower (1) is continuously pushed along with the adsorption process, the temperature of the adsorbent in front of the heat exchange belt is reduced to about 30 ℃, the adsorbent recovers the adsorption capacity to capture CO 2 in the gas and reaches the maximum adsorption capacity, the adsorbent behind the heat exchange belt is still 330 ℃, and the adsorbent has no adsorption capacity.
5. 5. The operation method of the adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system according to claim 4, wherein the desorption process, the heat storage adsorption tower (1), the heat exchange system and the carbon sequestration system are operated, comprises the following steps: Step one, process starting and heat source preparation are carried out, The adsorption is finished, the desorption is ready to be started on the heat storage adsorption tower (1) with the temperature of 30 ℃ after the adsorption, and the adsorption process is carried out on the other heat storage adsorption towers (1) with the temperature of 330 ℃ in order to ensure the continuous operation of carbon capture; step two, primary heat exchange by a high-temperature heat source, Gas discharged from the heat storage adsorption tower (1) for adsorption enters a second heat exchanger (7); Step three, the CO 2 is split flow, Under the action of a first compressor (3), the free CO 2 in the heat storage adsorption tower (1) to be desorbed is extracted and divided into two streams, wherein a first stream enters a compression and sealing process, and a second stream is led out by a circulating fan (10) for subsequent heat recovery; step four, compression and cooling of CO 2 , The temperature of the first CO 2 compressed by the first compressor (3) is increased, then the first CO 2 enters the first intercooler (5), is cooled by the second CO 2 , then enters the second compressor (5) for secondary compression, the temperature is increased again, and the second CO 2 is cooled again; step five, liquefying and sealing the first CO 2 , The pressure of the first CO 2 after two-stage compression and cooling is higher than the critical pressure, the temperature is lower than the critical temperature, and the first CO 2 is converted into liquid state to be stored and transported; Step six, heat recovery and reheating of the second CO 2 , The second CO 2 which absorbs the compression heat exchanges heat with the heat exchanger (7) after being heated, and then is heated to 330 ℃ by the heater (8) to enter the heat storage adsorption tower (1) to be desorbed; step seven, CO 2 is desorbed, The high-temperature gas pushing process of the thermal storage adsorption tower (1) to be desorbed is similar to gas pushing in the adsorption process, along with the convective motion of CO 2 , a temperature changing belt is pushed to the rear of the thermal storage adsorption tower (1), cooled CO 2 is stored or circulated until the integral temperature of the thermal storage adsorption tower (1) reaches 330 ℃, and the desorption process is completed.
6. 6. The method for operating the adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system according to claim 5, wherein the heater (8) adopts electric heating to dissipate new energy electric energy or utilizes waste heat of a factory to exchange heat.

Description

Adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system and operation method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon capture, and particularly relates to an adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system and an operation method. Background The carbon trapping technology is used as a carbon emission negative technology, can effectively absorb CO 2 emitted by industries such as energy, steel, chemical industry and the like to realize near zero carbon emission, can also directly trap CO 2 from the air, reduces the content of CO 2 in the atmosphere, and is rapidly developed in the practice of the policies of carbon peak, carbon neutralization and the like. However, the large-scale commercial development of carbon capture is limited due to the loss of energy sources during the carbon capture process and the high initial investment and running cost. The current mature carbon trapping technology comprises a physical adsorption method and a chemical absorption method, wherein the physical adsorption method is used for fixing gas molecules through acting force between an adsorbent and the gas molecules, the regeneration is easy, the regeneration temperature is low, the energy consumption is low, on the other hand, the low-temperature sensible heat of the adsorbent after desorption can only be cooled by cooling water and is difficult to be effectively utilized, the chemical absorption method is used for fixing the gas molecules through chemical bonds, the selectivity to the gas is higher, the regeneration energy consumption is increased due to the existence of the chemical bonds, and the service life of the adsorbent is reduced due to frequent chemical changes. The molecular sieve adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and high thermal stability can adapt to high-temperature working environment, the bed layer filled with the adsorbent has the characteristics of high adsorption capacity and easy regeneration, and the adsorbent is heated from 30 ℃ to 330 ℃ to have high specific enthalpy, so that the bed layer has the potential of replacing heat storage equipment, and compared with a temperature rise section of the conventional adsorbent at about 150 ℃, the molecular sieve adsorbent has higher heat capacity and higher energy grade, and the heat is easier to be used in heating, heat pump, power generation and other ways. Accordingly, the prior art solution has the following problems: 1. the current carbon trapping technology is a chemical absorption method or a physical absorption method, and the desorption process adopts electric heating or heat exchange through a high-temperature heat source to heat the absorption/absorbent, so that a large amount of energy is consumed; 2. the current carbon trapping technology is a chemical absorption method or a physical absorption method, and the desorption process adopts electric heating or heat exchange through a high-temperature heat source to heat the absorption/absorbent, so that a large amount of energy is consumed; 3. The molecular sieve adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and high thermal stability can realize high-temperature gas-heat combined storage, adsorption heat is generated in the adsorption process, desorption heat is needed in the desorption process, and a reasonable heat storage mode is needed to avoid energy waste. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems and further provides an adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system and an operation method. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an adsorption type CO 2 high-temperature heat storage and carbon capture system comprises The heat storage adsorption tower comprises a plurality of gas-heat combined storage units, and each combined storage unit operates in parallel; The heat exchange system comprises a heater and two heat exchangers; the carbon sealing module comprises two compressors and two intercoolers, wherein the compressors and the intercoolers are operated in series and are alternately arranged. The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchange system, a carbon sealing module, an intermediate cooler, a heat storage adsorption tower, a carbon sealing module and a heat storage adsorption tower, wherein the heat exchange system comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the two compressors of the carbon sealing module are a first compressor and a second compressor respectively, the two intermediate coolers are a first intermediate cooler and a second intermediate cooler respectively, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger can be connected into the heat storage adsorption tower, a heater is arranged between the second heat exchanger and the heat storage adsorption tower, and the first intermediate cooler and the second intermediate cooler are connected with the second heat exchanger respectively. An operation met