CN-121971991-A - Space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system and method for treating coal mine ventilation air methane

CN121971991ACN 121971991 ACN121971991 ACN 121971991ACN-121971991-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system and a method for treating coal mine ventilation air methane, and belongs to the field of environmental engineering and biotechnology. The system comprises a reactor, a multifunctional sensor, a gas channel device, a nutrient substance adding device, a ventilation air methane conveying device and a controller, wherein a partition wall is arranged in the reactor to divide a reaction space into 3 areas of a pretreatment area, a high-activity degradation area and a post-treatment area, the multifunctional sensor and the nutrient substance adding device are respectively connected with the controller, and the controller is used for automatically adjusting reaction conditions to ensure that the system is in an optimal working state. Aiming at the pain points of small treatment capacity, easy bacterial colony loss, low degradation efficiency and high operation and maintenance cost of the existing ventilation air methane biological treatment technology, the invention provides a core design of space-time separation and gradient reaction, and a modularized and intelligent ventilation air methane treatment system is constructed, so that the efficient degradation of low-concentration gas and the long-term stable operation of the system are realized.

Inventors

CHEN YUANSHOU
WANG RONG
ZHANG JIANGLING
PAN BO
XUE WENTAO
CUI CONG
Wei Qianwei
LI LEI
TIAN HAN
SUN FULONG
SUN JING

Assignees

华能云南滇东能源有限责任公司
华能煤炭技术研究有限公司
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251226

Claims (10)

1. A time-space separation type gradient biological reaction system for coal mine ventilation air methane treatment is characterized by comprising a reactor, a multifunctional sensor, a gas channel device, a nutrient substance adding device, a ventilation air methane conveying device and a controller, wherein a partition wall is arranged in the reactor to divide a reaction space into different areas, the multifunctional sensor is arranged on the side wall of the reactor and is used for monitoring key parameters of the different areas, the gas channel device is arranged in the reactor and is used for conveying ventilation air methane, the ventilation air methane conveying device is arranged at the bottom of the reactor and is used for supplying the ventilation air methane, and the multifunctional sensor and the nutrient substance adding device are respectively connected with the controller and automatically adjust reaction conditions through the controller to ensure that the system is in an optimal working state.
2. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for treating coal mine ventilation air methane according to claim 1, wherein the number of the partition walls is two, the reaction space of the reactor is divided into three different areas, namely a pretreatment area, a high-activity degradation area and a post-treatment area, wherein the pretreatment area is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, the high-activity degradation area is positioned in the middle of the reactor, and the post-treatment area is positioned at the upper part of the reactor.
3. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for treating ventilation air methane in a coal mine according to claim 2, wherein the pretreatment area, the high-activity degradation area and the post-treatment area are respectively divided into a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, a third reaction chamber and a fourth reaction chamber which are sequentially connected by a gas channel device, and the pretreatment area, the high-activity degradation area and the post-treatment area are sequentially connected by the gas channel device.
4. A space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for coal mine ventilation air methane treatment according to claim 3, wherein 4 flora plates are arranged in each reaction chamber.
5. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for coal mine ventilation air methane treatment according to claim 4, wherein the flora of the pretreatment area comprises hydrolytic bacteria and acidizing bacteria, the flora of the high-activity degradation area comprises methane oxidizing bacteria and acidizing bacteria, the upper part is methane oxidizing bacteria, the bottom part is acidizing bacteria, the flora of the post-treatment area comprises methylobacterium, methyl monad and methyl coccus, the flora is wrapped by a capsule structure, and the wall thickness of the capsule structure is set to 15-25 mu m.
6. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for ventilation air methane treatment of a coal mine according to claim 1, wherein the key parameters for monitoring by the multifunctional sensor comprise ventilation air methane component, reaction temperature and pH value.
7. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for ventilation air methane treatment of a coal mine according to claim 1, wherein the gas channel device comprises a large gas channel and a small gas channel for conveying ventilation air methane.
8. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for treating ventilation air methane in a coal mine according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient substance adding device comprises a nutrient solution tank, a spray head and an activity monitoring device, the spray head is arranged on the side wall of the reactor and connected with the nutrient solution tank through a pipeline, the spray head sprays nutrient solution in a pulse injection mode, and the activity monitoring device is connected with a controller and used for monitoring the activity of bacteria.
9. The space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system for coal mine ventilation air methane treatment according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation air methane conveying device comprises a ventilator and a ventilation air methane filtering device.
10. A space-time separation type gradient biological reaction method for treating coal mine ventilation air methane, which adopts the system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps: (1) Sending the ventilation air gas into a ventilation air filtering device through a ventilator, and sending the filtered ventilation air to a pretreatment area through a gas channel device; (2) In the pretreatment area, ventilation air enters the first reaction chamber through an air inlet on the side wall of the first reaction chamber, enters the second reaction chamber through a small gas channel between the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber after fully contacting with a flora plate in the first reaction chamber, is discharged through an air outlet on the side wall of the second reaction chamber after fully contacting with a flora plate in the second reaction chamber, enters the third reaction chamber through an atmosphere channel between the second reaction chamber and the third reaction chamber, enters the fourth reaction chamber through a small gas channel between the third reaction chamber and the fourth reaction chamber after fully contacting with a flora plate in the fourth reaction chamber, and enters the first reaction chamber of the high-activity degradation area through an atmosphere channel between the pretreatment area and the high-activity degradation area after fully contacting with a flora plate in the fourth reaction chamber; (3) In the high-activity degradation area and the post-treatment area, the treatment steps of the ventilation air methane are the same as those of the step (2); (4) In the ventilation air methane treatment process, the multifunctional sensor is used for monitoring ventilation air methane components, reaction temperature and pH value, the activity monitoring device is used for monitoring the activity of flora, and the controller automatically adjusts the reaction conditions according to the monitoring data to ensure that each region is maintained in an optimal working state.

Description

Space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system and method for treating coal mine ventilation air methane Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering and biotechnology, and particularly relates to a space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system and method for treating ventilation air methane of a coal mine. Background The coal mine ventilation air methane contains a large amount of low-concentration gas, the total amount of the low-concentration gas is huge, and direct emission is an important source of greenhouse effect. Traditional catalytic oxidation or thermal oxidation technology has high cost for treating ventilation air methane, huge equipment and no economic feasibility. At present, the method mainly uses microorganisms to treat ventilation air methane, and one of the common methods is a biomembrane method, and the core of the method is to construct a microbial reactor, fill peat soil, ceramsite, porous ceramic and other biological fillers into the interior, inoculate methane oxidizing bacteria on the surfaces of the fillers to form a biomembrane, and meanwhile, match a nutrient solution supply system containing sodium, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, a part of the devices are additionally provided with a pretreatment module, firstly remove dust from ventilation air, regulate temperature and humidify, and then introduce the ventilation air into the reactor to enable the ventilation air to fully contact with the biomembrane, and decompose methane into carbon dioxide and water through flora metabolism. The other is a microbial reactor degradation method, which is to put methane oxidizing bacteria agent into a special container, guide coal mine ventilation air methane into the container through a pipeline, fully contact the bacteria agent with gas to realize oxidative degradation, and improve the degradation efficiency from multiple aspects, such as optimizing the internal structure of the reactor to reduce bubbles so as to increase the gas-liquid contact area, and select glass fiber, activated carbon fiber and the like as bacteria agent carriers to prolong the action time of the bacteria agent or add organic solvents to improve the solubility of methane. Although the method can effectively degrade ventilation air methane, a plurality of defects still exist. The biomembrane method has the main defects that the formation and maintenance of the biomembrane have high requirements on the environment, trace sulfur, heavy metals and other impurities in the ventilation air are easy to damage the biomembrane structure, so that the activity of the flora is reduced, the filler is easy to block after long-term use, the filler needs to be replaced or cleaned regularly, the operation and maintenance workload is increased, in addition, the single-set reactor has limited treatment capacity, and the ultra-large flow ventilation air processing requirement of a large coal mine is difficult to adapt. The microbial reactor degradation method has the main defects that most of methane-oxidizing bacteria used at present are pure strains, mixed bacteria are fewer, the survival and propagation capacity of the methane-oxidizing bacteria in a complex underground environment are weak, large-scale culture and domestication are difficult, and the methane-oxidizing bacteria are difficult to ensure sufficient contact in a wind flow state due to the lack of an efficient air-bacteria contact technology, so that degradation efficiency is limited. Disclosure of Invention Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a space-time separation type gradient biological reaction system and a method for treating coal mine ventilation air methane. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: A time-space separation type gradient biological reaction system for treating coal mine ventilation air methane comprises a reactor, a multifunctional sensor, a gas channel device, a nutrient substance adding device, a ventilation air methane conveying device and a controller, wherein a partition wall is arranged in the reactor to divide a reaction space into different areas, the multifunctional sensor is arranged on the side wall of the reactor and used for monitoring key parameters of the different areas, the gas channel device is arranged in the reactor and used for conveying ventilation air methane gas, the ventilation air methane conveying device is arranged at the bottom of the reactor and used for supplying the ventilation air methane gas, the multifunctional sensor and the nutrient substance adding device are respectively connected with the controller, and the controller is used for automatically adjusting reaction conditions to ensure that the system is in an optimal working state. Preferably, the reactor is vertically cylindrical with a height to diameter ratio of 2:1 to 5:1 to provide adequate reaction space and gas residence time. Preferably, t