CN-121972112-A - Aviation fuel preparation system and method based on air compression energy storage

CN121972112ACN 121972112 ACN121972112 ACN 121972112ACN-121972112-A

Abstract

The invention provides an aviation fuel preparation system and method based on air compression energy storage, wherein the system comprises an air compression module, a carbon dioxide trapping module, a decarbonization air energy storage module, a carbon dioxide energy storage module, an energy releasing module and an aviation fuel preparation module, wherein the air compression module compresses normal-pressure air into medium-pressure carbon-containing air with the pressure of 2-4MPa, the carbon dioxide trapping module traps and separates carbon dioxide in the medium-pressure carbon-containing air to output carbon dioxide gas and medium-pressure decarbonization air, the decarbonization air energy storage module receives decarbonization energy-storage air with the pressure of 6-15MPa, the carbon-containing air energy storage module receives carbon-storage air with the pressure of 6-15MPa, the energy releasing module comprises a turbine expander and a generator, the decarbonization energy-storage air or the carbon-storage air releases the carbon-storage air to drive the turbine expander to do work, and then the generator is driven to generate electricity, and the low-pressure carbon-storage air formed after the carbon-storage air releases the pressure is input into the carbon dioxide trapping module, and the aviation fuel preparation module receives the carbon dioxide gas and utilizes electric energy to prepare aviation fuel. The invention can realize deep and efficient coupling of air compression energy storage and aviation fuel preparation.

Inventors

CUI LINGYUN
GUO GANG
ZHANG HONGXI
WANG PENG
DING YIHAN
YANG XUAN
Luo Chengling
CHENG JIANFEI

Assignees

上海碳生万物工程技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260401

Claims (10)

1. An aviation fuel production system based on air compression energy storage, comprising: the air compression module compresses normal-pressure air into medium-pressure carbon-containing air with the pressure of 2-4 MPa; The carbon dioxide capturing module is connected with the air compression module and used for capturing and separating carbon dioxide in the medium-pressure carbon-containing air and outputting carbon dioxide gas and medium-pressure decarburization air; The decarburization air energy storage module comprises a first energy storage compressor and a first air storage chamber, wherein the first energy storage compressor is connected with the carbon dioxide capture module, receives medium-pressure decarburization air meeting the energy storage capacity, compresses the medium-pressure decarburization air into decarburization energy storage air of 6-15MPa, and the first air storage chamber is connected with the first energy storage compressor and stores the decarburization energy storage air of 6-15 MPa; The carbon-containing air energy storage module comprises a second energy storage compressor and a second air storage chamber, wherein the second energy storage compressor is connected with the air compression module, receives medium-pressure carbon-containing air meeting the energy storage capacity, compresses the medium-pressure carbon-containing air into carbon-containing energy storage air with the pressure of 6-15MPa, and is connected with the second energy storage compressor to store the carbon-containing energy storage air with the pressure of 6-15 MPa; the energy release module comprises a turbine expander and a generator, wherein the air inlet end of the turbine expander is respectively connected with the first air storage chamber and the second air storage chamber, the air outlet end of the turbine expander is connected with the carbon dioxide trapping module, the generator is connected with the turbine expander, the decarburization energy storage air or the carbon-containing energy storage air is released to drive the turbine expander to do work so as to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the low-pressure carbon-containing air formed after the pressure of the carbon-containing energy storage air is released is used for being input into the carbon dioxide trapping module and is mixed with the medium-pressure carbon-containing air to trap carbon dioxide; and the aviation fuel preparation module is connected with the carbon dioxide capturing module, the external power supply and the generator, receives carbon dioxide gas and utilizes electric energy to prepare aviation fuel.
2. The air compression energy storage-based aviation fuel production system of claim 1, wherein the air compression module comprises a multi-stage compression gas circuit comprising at least two stages of compressors sequentially connected in series, and an inter-stage heat recoverer, an inter-stage cooler and a gas-liquid separator respectively arranged at the exhaust end of each stage of compressors; The normal pressure air is compressed step by each stage of compressors in sequence, compressed waste heat is recovered through the interstage heat recoverer after each stage of compression, the temperature is reduced through the interstage cooler, and after gas-liquid separation is carried out in the gas-liquid separator, the air enters the next stage of compression until the air is finally compressed into medium pressure carbon-containing air with the pressure of 2-4 MPa.
3. The air compression energy storage-based aviation fuel preparation system of claim 2, wherein the air compression module further comprises a single-stage compression gas circuit, the single-stage compression gas circuit being arranged in parallel with the multi-stage compression gas circuit; The single-stage compression gas circuit comprises a single-stage compressor, a single-stage heat recoverer, a single-stage cooler and a gas-liquid separator which are sequentially arranged at the exhaust end of the single-stage compressor; And the normal-pressure air is compressed to the same air pressure as the medium-pressure carbon-containing air output by the multi-stage compression air circuit through the single-stage heat recoverer, compressed waste heat is recovered after compression, the temperature is reduced through the single-stage cooler, and after gas-liquid separation is carried out in the gas-liquid separator, supplementary medium-pressure carbon-containing air is output, and after the supplementary medium-pressure carbon-containing air is mixed with the medium-pressure carbon-containing air output by the multi-stage compression air circuit, the supplementary medium-pressure carbon-containing air and the medium-pressure carbon-containing air are jointly input into the carbon dioxide capturing module.
4. An air compression energy storage based aviation fuel preparation system according to claim 3, wherein a carbon dioxide buffer module is further arranged between the carbon dioxide capture module and the aviation fuel preparation module, and is used for receiving and storing the carbon dioxide gas; the aviation fuel preparation module comprises a co-electrolysis unit, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit and a hydrofining unit which are sequentially connected; The co-electrolysis unit is a co-electrolysis tank, is respectively connected with the carbon dioxide buffer module, an external power supply and the generator, receives the carbon dioxide gas, and utilizes electric energy to carry out co-electrolysis reaction on the carbon dioxide gas and water to generate synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit is respectively connected with the co-electrolysis unit, an external power supply and the generator and is used for converting the synthesis gas into Fischer-Tropsch oil wax; The hydrofining unit is respectively connected with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, an external power supply and the generator and is used for hydrofining the Fischer-Tropsch oil wax to prepare the aviation fuel.
5. The air compression energy storage based aviation fuel preparation system of claim 4, further comprising a multi-source intelligent scheduling module including a renewable power source and a grid power source, the multi-source intelligent scheduling module being communicatively connected to the air compression module, the carbon dioxide capture module, the decarbonized air energy storage module, the carbon-containing air energy storage module, the energy release module, the aviation fuel preparation module, and the external power source, respectively, for scheduling power supply and operational loads of the system according to power of the renewable power source and/or grid electricity prices, the multi-source intelligent scheduling module being configured to perform the following control modes: When the electricity price of the power grid meets a preset cost threshold value or the power of a renewable power source meets a preset power, controlling the air compression module, the carbon dioxide capturing module, the decarburization air energy storage module, the carbon-containing air energy storage module and the aviation fuel preparation module to run at full load, carrying out carbon dioxide capturing separation and high-pressure air energy storage, and simultaneously storing redundant carbon dioxide gas by the carbon dioxide buffer module; When the electricity price of the power grid is higher than a preset cost threshold value or the power of a renewable power source does not reach the preset power, controlling to stop a single-stage compression gas circuit in the air compression module, controlling the carbon-containing energy storage air in the carbon-containing air energy storage module to release, driving the turbine expander to do work for generating electricity, inputting low-pressure carbon-containing air formed after energy release into the carbon dioxide trapping module, and mixing the low-pressure carbon-containing air with the medium-pressure carbon-containing air for carbon dioxide trapping so as to maintain continuous operation of the aviation fuel preparation module; When severe power shortage occurs, the single-stage compression gas circuit and the carbon dioxide capturing module in the air compression module are controlled to be stopped, the carbon-containing energy storage air in the carbon-containing air energy storage module and the decarburization energy storage air in the decarburization air energy storage module are controlled to be released, the turbine expander is driven to do work for power generation, the power is supplied to the aviation fuel preparation module, and the aviation fuel preparation module consumes the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide buffering module to maintain continuous operation.
6. The air compression energy storage based aviation fuel production system of claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide capture module comprises a high pressure absorber, a pressure reducing valve, a low pressure desorber, a reboiler, and a solution heat exchanger; The top of the high-pressure absorption tower is provided with an absorbent inlet and a medium-pressure decarburization air outlet, the bottom of the high-pressure absorption tower is provided with a rich liquid outlet and an air inlet, medium-pressure carbon-containing air and/or low-pressure carbon-containing air is introduced from the air inlet at the bottom of the high-pressure absorption tower, a physical absorption solvent flows in from the absorbent inlet at the top of the high-pressure absorption tower, the physical absorption solvent is in countercurrent contact with the introduced air to capture carbon dioxide in the introduced air, medium-pressure decarburization air is output from the medium-pressure decarburization air outlet at the top of the high-pressure absorption tower, and rich liquid after absorbing carbon dioxide flows out from the rich liquid outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure absorption tower; The pressure reducing valve is connected with a rich liquid outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure absorption tower, and the flowing rich liquid is reduced to normal pressure; The low-pressure desorption tower is connected with the pressure reducing valve and used for receiving the depressurized rich liquid; The reboiler is arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure desorption tower and is used for heating the rich liquid to desorb carbon dioxide gas, so as to obtain regenerated lean liquid, the carbon dioxide gas is output to the carbon dioxide buffer module from the top of the low-pressure desorption tower, and the lean liquid flows out from the bottom of the low-pressure desorption tower and returns to an absorbent inlet at the top of the high-pressure absorption tower after heat exchange is carried out between the lean liquid and the rich liquid through the solution heat exchanger; the reboiler is coupled with the interstage heat recoverer and/or the single-stage heat recoverer through a heat medium loop, and the recovered compressed waste heat is used as a heating source of the reboiler; The physical absorption solvent comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methanol, N-methyl pyrrolidone and propylene carbonate.
7. The aviation fuel production system based on air compression energy storage of claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide capture module comprises a vacuum pump and at least two adsorption towers which are alternately operated in parallel, and the adsorption towers are filled with adsorbent; The at least two adsorption towers which are in parallel alternate operation periodically execute an adsorption stage and a regeneration stage through the switching of valves; The bottom of the adsorption tower is provided with an air inlet, the top of the adsorption tower is provided with a medium-pressure decarburization air outlet, medium-pressure carbon-containing air and/or low-pressure carbon-containing air is introduced from the air inlet at the bottom of the adsorption tower, the carbon dioxide in the introduced air is captured by the adsorbent, and medium-pressure decarburization air is output from the medium-pressure decarburization air outlet at the top of the adsorption tower; The vacuum pump is connected with the adsorption tower, vacuumizes the adsorption tower in the regeneration stage, and desorbs to obtain carbon dioxide gas; the two adsorption towers which are alternately operated are connected through a valve and are used for leading medium-pressure decarburization air in the adsorption tower after the adsorption stage is finished into the adsorption tower after the regeneration stage is finished for equalizing pressure; the adsorbent comprises at least one of a carbon-based adsorbent, a zeolite molecular sieve, an amine-based adsorbent, or an organometallic framework.
8. The aviation fuel preparation system based on air compression energy storage according to claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide capture module comprises a plurality of stages of membrane assemblies which are sequentially connected in series, and carbon dioxide permselective membranes are arranged in each stage of membrane assemblies; and the permeation side of the carbon dioxide selective permeation membrane outputs carbon dioxide gas, and the residual permeation side outputs medium-pressure decarburization air.
9. A method for preparing aviation fuel based on air compression energy storage, characterized in that it is applied to an aviation fuel preparation system based on air compression energy storage as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of: An air compression step, namely compressing normal-pressure air to 2-4MPa through multi-stage compression and/or single-stage compression to obtain medium-pressure carbon-containing air; Capturing carbon dioxide in the medium-pressure carbon-containing air, and outputting carbon dioxide gas and medium-pressure decarburization air; A step of decarburizing air energy storage, which is to intercept medium-pressure decarburizing air meeting energy storage capacity, compress the intercepted medium-pressure decarburizing air into decarburizing energy storage air of 6-15MPa for storage, and empty redundant medium-pressure decarburizing air; Intercepting medium-pressure carbon-containing air meeting the energy storage capacity, and compressing the intercepted medium-pressure carbon-containing air into carbon-containing energy storage air with the pressure of 6-15MPa for storage; Releasing decarburization energy-storage air and/or carbon-containing energy-storage air to drive a turbine expander to do work so as to drive a generator to generate power, and inputting low-pressure carbon-containing air formed after the pressure of the carbon-containing energy-storage air is released into the carbon dioxide capturing step, and mixing the low-pressure carbon-containing air with medium-pressure carbon-containing air to capture carbon dioxide; And the aviation fuel preparation step is to convert the carbon dioxide gas into aviation fuel by utilizing electric energy provided by a generator and/or an external power supply.
10. The method of air compression energy storage based aviation fuel production of claim 9, further comprising scheduling power supply and operating loads based on power of renewable power sources in external power sources and/or grid prices: When the electricity price of the power grid meets a preset cost threshold value and the power of the renewable power supply meets preset power, controlling the air compression step, the carbon dioxide capturing step, the decarburization air energy storage step, the carbon-containing air energy storage step and the aviation fuel preparation step to run at full load, carrying out carbon dioxide capturing separation and high-pressure air energy storage, and simultaneously storing redundant carbon dioxide gas; when the electricity price of the power grid is higher than a preset cost threshold value or the power of a renewable power source does not reach the preset power, controlling to stop single-stage compression in the air compression step, executing the energy release step to release the carbon-containing energy-storage air for generating electricity, inputting low-pressure carbon-containing air formed after energy release into the carbon dioxide trapping step, mixing the low-pressure carbon-containing air with medium-pressure carbon-containing air, and trapping carbon dioxide so as to maintain continuous operation of the aviation fuel preparation step; And when the power is seriously lost, controlling to stop the single-stage compression and the carbon dioxide capturing step in the air compression step, and executing the energy release step to release carbon-containing energy storage air and decarburization energy storage air for power generation, and supplying the carbon-containing energy storage air and decarburization energy storage air to the aviation fuel preparation step, wherein the aviation fuel preparation step consumes the stored carbon dioxide gas and maintains continuous operation.

Description

Aviation fuel preparation system and method based on air compression energy storage Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sustainable aviation fuel preparation, in particular to an aviation fuel preparation system and method based on air compression energy storage. Background With the increasing worldwide aviation industry carbon emission reduction pressure, sustainable aviation fuels (Sustainable Aviation Fuel, SAF) are becoming a key to replacing traditional fossil aviation kerosene. The Power-to-Liquid (PtL) technology is an important path for preparing SAF, and the core logic is to convert water and carbon dioxide into long-chain hydrocarbon mixtures (i.e. aviation fuel) through co-electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by utilizing green electricity generated by renewable energy sources (e.g. wind Power, photovoltaic). In order to achieve truly zero carbon emissions for the complete life cycle of aviation fuels, capturing carbon Dioxide (DAC) directly from the atmosphere is an ideal way to obtain a carbon source. However, due to the extremely low concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (about 400 ppm, a partial pressure of only about 40 Pa at atmospheric pressure), at such extreme low partial pressures, conventional physical absorbers cannot break through the thermodynamic threshold of absorption. Therefore, most of the existing DAC technologies adopt a high-energy-consumption chemical absorption method or a solid chemical absorption method, and when the absorbent/adsorbent is heated and regenerated, a large amount of extra heat energy is required to be consumed, so that the cost for obtaining the carbon source from the air is high, and the large-scale production of the SAF is severely restricted. On the other hand, renewable energy sources such as wind and light as front-end energy sources have strong volatility and intermittence, while chemical synthesis (such as co-electrolysis and fischer-tropsch synthesis) as back-end energy sources require continuous and stable operation conditions to protect catalyst and equipment life. If the complete system is driven by directly using the fluctuating renewable energy source, the system is frequently started and stopped, and industrialization cannot be realized. In order to solve the energy fluctuation problem, the prior art proposes to combine Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) with carbon capture technology. The traditional CAES system usually operates as an independent power grid side peak regulation power station, has high construction and operation costs, lacks deep coupling with a downstream chemical production process, and cannot realize direct and efficient energization of chemical production electricity. In the prior art, although there are individual schemes that attempt to combine DACs with CAES, most stay at a simple energy complementary level. For example, the heat of compression of the CAES plant is used for DAC solvent regeneration, or it is used to generate electricity for driving DAC equipment. The schemes cannot reconstruct fundamentally from the flow level, the problem of high energy consumption of the DAC is not effectively solved, and the value of CAES is not fully embodied through chemical products. In addition, the tail gas is usually directly emptied after the energy storage air does work by the traditional compressed air energy storage system, but in practice, the gas output by the turbine expander has strong fluidity and higher air pressure than normal pressure, and has potential to be utilized when the power grid is in lack of electricity. If the waste water is not effectively recycled, waste of residual pressure and kinetic energy is caused, and the potential of maintaining the rear-end chemical production of the system under the extreme power failure condition is limited. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an aviation fuel preparation system and method based on air compression energy storage, so as to solve the problems, realize deep and efficient coupling of the air compression energy storage and aviation fuel preparation, and reduce the preparation energy consumption of SAF. The invention provides an aviation fuel preparation system based on air compression energy storage, which comprises: the air compression module compresses normal-pressure air into medium-pressure carbon-containing air with the pressure of 2-4 MPa; The carbon dioxide capturing module is connected with the air compression module and used for capturing and separating carbon dioxide in the medium-pressure carbon-containing air and outputting carbon dioxide gas and medium-pressure decarburization air; The decarburization air energy storage module comprises a first energy storage compressor and a first air storage chamber, wherein the first energy storage compressor is connected with the carbon dioxide capture module, receives medium-pressure decarburization air meeting the energy storage capacity, compres