CN-121972196-A - Industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention provides an industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of chemical recovery of waste plastics. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder takes biochar as a substrate, and the active ingredients comprise biomass components and elemental components such as silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, titanium and the like. The waste plastic pyrolysis method comprises the steps of adding waste plastic and a catalyst into a batch reactor, and then carrying out thermal pyrolysis on the waste plastic at a certain temperature to prepare oil. The plastic comprises polyethylene and polypropylene, the plastic oil is C 5 -C 20 hydrocarbon substances including alkane, alkene and aromatic hydrocarbon, and the catalyst is an industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst. The invention can realize the high-efficiency conversion of waste plastics, and the prepared fuel oil has high yield and high heat value, can effectively relieve the pollution problem of plastic garbage, and has low cost and good economic feasibility.

Inventors

• LI QUAN
• LI ANG
• LIU KEFEI
• ZENG YONGAN
• XU LE
• XIANG SHUISHENG
• WAN SHU
• ZHOU YI

Assignees

• 湖南云中再生科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260107

Claims (10)

1. 1. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst is characterized in that the components of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst comprise industrial solid waste-based carbon powder, and the components of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder comprise carbon element, oxygen element, silicon element, aluminum element, iron element, calcium element, magnesium element, nitrogen element, hydrogen element and titanium element.
2. 2. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the components of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder comprise, by mass, 23-25% of carbon element, 22-25% of oxygen element, 17-20% of silicon element, 8-11% of aluminum element, 4-5% of iron element, 1-2% of calcium element, 0.5-1% of magnesium element, 0.5-1% of nitrogen element, 0.3-0.8% of hydrogen element and 0.2-0.6% of titanium element.
3. 3. An industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst for the pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the components of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder further comprise biomass.
4. 4. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst is 20-30 m2/g, the pore volume is 0.06-0.08 cm3/g, and the average pore diameter is 10-15 nm.
5. 5. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst include further, the auxiliary catalyst includes at least one of aluminum oxide, artificial zeolite, natural zeolite, amorphous silica, copper oxide, ferric oxide and zinc oxide.
6. 6. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder to the auxiliary catalyst is 1-5:1.
7. 7. A method for preparing the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the steps of crushing organic industrial solid waste, and carrying out pyrolysis carbonization at a temperature of 300-600 ℃ after drying to obtain the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst.
8. 8. The method for preparing oil by cracking waste plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps of mixing the waste plastic with the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst according to any one of claims 1-6, and then carrying out cracking reaction for 0.5-2 h at 300-400 ℃.
9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the waste plastic to the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst is 2-10:1.
10. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the waste plastic comprises at least one of polyethylene and polypropylene.

Description

Industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst, preparation method and application Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of chemical recovery of waste plastics, in particular to an industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the vigorous development of petrochemical industry, plastic products have been widely used in the fields of food, medical treatment, construction, agriculture and the like. The plastic field is divided into general plastic represented by polyethylene, polypropylene and the like, engineering plastic represented by polyamide, polycarbonate and the like and special plastic represented by polyether ether ketone, polyimide and the like. Of these materials, polyethylene and polypropylene are the largest in overall yield and quantity. The improper disposal of waste plastics can seriously damage an ecological system, and the current disposal of waste plastics mainly comprises three modes of landfill, incineration and recycling. The landfill treatment is extremely difficult to degrade in natural environment, so that a large amount of land resources are occupied for a long time, a large amount of greenhouse gases are generated in the incineration treatment, and toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin, NO X、SOX and the like are also released. In order to meet the green development concept, the two ways are gradually eliminated, and the recycling recovery scheme represented by the pyrolysis technology shows wide application prospect. The method comprises the steps of loading active components on activated carbon subjected to surface modification to obtain a precursor, and calcining the precursor to obtain the solid acid catalyst, wherein the precursor is prepared by soaking the activated carbon in a mixed solution of NaOH and KOH to obtain alkali modified activated carbon, and loading nano silicon dioxide on the alkali modified activated carbon. The catalyst promotes the polyolefin cracking process by increasing the reaction contact area of active components, and improves the liquid oil yield. The method is to prepare modified pillared clay by montmorillonite or kaolinite, and then load metal active components to obtain the catalyst. The catalyst eliminates the need for sorting the mixed plastic waste prior to pyrolysis while maintaining high conversion and high liquid hydrocarbon yields. The catalyst is based on natural resources, but has the problems of complex preparation process, high raw material cost, strong resource dependence and the like, and is difficult to consider the catalytic performance and the economic feasibility, so that the large-scale popularization and application of the waste plastic chemical recovery technology are restricted. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost, complex process, limited sources and the like of the catalyst commonly existing in the existing waste plastic catalytic cracking technology, and provides a solution with catalytic performance and economy. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst, the components of which include industrial solid waste-based carbon powder, the components of which include carbon element, oxygen element, silicon element, aluminum element, iron element, calcium element, magnesium element, nitrogen element, hydrogen element and titanium element. The industrial solid waste-based carbon powder catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages that the cracking activation energy of silicon and aluminum elements is effectively reduced, the reaction can be efficiently carried out at a lower temperature of 300-400 ℃, the iron elements participate in the hydrogen transfer process, the free radical intermediates are helped to be stabilized, the product distribution is regulated and controlled, the selectivity of light alkane and alkene is improved, alkaline earth metal components such as calcium and magnesium can capture acid gases such as HCl, SO X and the like released in the cracking process in situ, the oil gas product is purified, the equipment corrosion is reduced, the oil quality is improved, the titanium elements can enhance the thermal stability and the active site dispersibility of the catalyst by adjusting the electronic structure and the surface functional groups of a carbon matrix, and meanwhile, the porous biochar skeleton formed by non-metal elements such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen not only provides a rich adsorption-reaction interface, but also facilitates the diffusion of reactants and the desorption of the products, and effectively inhibits the generation of coke. According to the embodiment of the invention, the industrial solid waste-based carbon powder comprises, by mass, 23-25% of carbon element, 22-25% of oxygen element, 17-20% of silicon element, 8-11% of aluminum element, 4-5% of iron e