CN-121972298-A - Method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation mineral based on surface pretreatment. The method comprises the steps of soaking rubidium and cesium-containing mineral raw materials in a strong alkali solution or a strong acid solution, and carrying out micro-nano bubble flotation on the obtained pretreated minerals to obtain rubidium and cesium-containing lepidolite concentrate or silicate gangue concentrate. According to the invention, through pretreatment by strong alkali or strong acid, the surface roughness difference of rubidium cesium lepidolite minerals and albite minerals in raw ores is improved, so that the flotation separation effect is remarkably improved, the recovery rate difference of the two minerals in a conventional fatty amine collector is more than 14%, and the recovery rate and grade of flotation concentrate can be improved.

Inventors

• WANG JUN
• WU LIANJUN
• LIAO RUI
• GAN MIN
• YANG BAOJUN
• LIU YANG
• WANG CHENXU
• LIN YUE

Assignees

• 中南大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260401

Claims (10)

1. 1. A method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment is characterized in that a rubidium-cesium-containing mineral raw material is soaked in a strong alkali solution or a strong acid solution, and the obtained pretreated minerals are subjected to micro-nano bubble flotation to obtain rubidium-cesium-containing lepidolite concentrate or silicate gangue concentrate, wherein the concentration of the strong alkali solution or the strong acid solution is 500-780 mg/L.
2. 2. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment of claim 1 is characterized in that the concentration of the strong alkali solution or the strong acid solution is 1000-2000 mg/L.
3. 3. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of rubidium-cesium-containing mineral raw materials in a strong alkali solution or a strong acid solution is 40-50 g/L.
4. 4. A method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the strong alkali solution comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution; the strong acid solution comprises at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
5. 5. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment is characterized in that the soaking treatment is carried out at a temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 1-13 min and at a stirring speed of 1000-1500 r/min.
6. 6. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein rubidium-cesium-containing mineral raw materials contain rubidium-cesium lepidolite and albite.
7. 7. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein: The rubidium-cesium-containing mineral raw material is subjected to solid-liquid separation after being soaked in strong alkali solution or strong acid solution to obtain pretreated minerals; The micro-nano bubble flotation process comprises the steps of mixing pretreated minerals with micro-nano bubble water to obtain flotation pulp, placing the flotation pulp into a flotation machine, sequentially adding a pH regulator and a collector for stirring reaction, and scraping bubbles.
8. 8. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment of claim 7 is characterized in that the concentration of the flotation pulp is 40-80 g/L, the pH value of the pulp is adjusted to 2-6, and the collector is aliphatic amine.
9. 9. A method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: The addition amount of the collecting agent is 10-80 mg/L ore pulp.
10. 10. The method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation minerals based on surface pretreatment according to claim 8, wherein the aliphatic amine is dodecylamine.

Description

Method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment Technical Field The invention relates to a flotation method, in particular to a method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation of minerals based on surface pretreatment, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing. Background Lithium is used as a core resource for converting the pushing energy, and the demand in the fields of new energy automobiles, energy storage and the like is in explosive growth. Rubidium and cesium have important applications in the traditional fields of atomic clocks, frequency standards, satellite navigation, aerospace measurement and control and the like, and in the front-edge technologies of quantum computation, ion thrusters and the like. The rubidium and cesium elements are active in chemical property, few high-grade rubidium and cesium independent minerals exist in nature, and lithium is used as a same-family element of rubidium and cesium, is frequently replaced by rubidium and cesium crystal lattices, so that lithium ore resources become main carrier minerals of rubidium and cesium elements. The lithium resource is mainly in three resource minerals of salt lake brine, pegmatite type lithium ore and clay type lithium ore. With the gradual increase of the demand of lithium and the continuous exploitation and utilization of spodumene, the hard rock type lepidolite is rich in reserves and accompanies rubidium cesium rare elements, and has gradually become a mineral resource for further important development following salt lakes and spodumene. However, the current flotation separation of lepidolite still faces serious challenges, because lepidolite is highly similar to silicate gangue minerals in surface electrical properties, wettability and floatability, it is difficult to selectively recover only lepidolite without floating silicate gangue minerals under conventional amine-based cation collector systems. The emerging micro-nano bubble (MNBs) flotation technology, while proven to have more separation performance in lepidolite mineral flotation applications than conventional flotation, is not ideal due to its instability and indiscriminate adhesion during flotation. The chinese patent publication No. CN120900803a provides a method for enhancing flotation recovery of fine-particle rubidium cesium co-associated lepidolite, but it also does not solve the problem of non-selectivity of micro-nano bubbles. Therefore, developing a flotation method for improving separation efficiency of rubidium and cesium co-associated lepidolite and silicate gangue minerals has important significance in improving recovery rate and grade of rubidium and cesium co-associated lepidolite minerals or improving recovery rate of silicate gangue minerals. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for enhancing micro-nano bubble flotation mineral based on surface pretreatment. The method can greatly improve the floatability between the rubidium cesium lepidolite or silicate gangue minerals, improves the separation and recovery efficiency of the lepidolite or silicate gangue minerals, is simple, has low cost and is suitable for industrial production. In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention provides a method for surface pretreatment-based enhancement micro-nano bubble flotation of rubidium cesium lepidolite, which comprises the steps of soaking a rubidium cesium-containing mineral raw material in a strong alkali solution or a strong acid solution, and carrying out micro-nano bubble flotation on the obtained pretreated mineral to obtain rubidium cesium-containing lepidolite concentrate, wherein the concentration of the strong alkali solution or the strong acid solution is 500-2200 mg/L. The rubidium-cesium-containing mineral raw materials mainly comprise rubidium-cesium-lithium mica and albite, the rubidium-cesium-lithium mica is a layered aluminosilicate mineral, the albite is a rack-shaped aluminosilicate mineral, the difference of the crystal structures of the rubidium-cesium-lithium mica and the albite is obvious, the surface roughness of two minerals can evolve towards opposite directions through high-concentration strong acid or strong alkali pretreatment, so that the surface roughness of the two minerals is completely different, and micro-nano bubbles are more prone to form stable physical anchoring on a rough surface and are difficult to stably adhere on a smooth surface. Wherein, the surface roughness evolution rule of rubidium cesium-containing mineral raw materials generated by high-concentration strong acid or strong alkali pretreatment is as follows: When the high-concentration strong alkali pretreatment is adopted, the OH - has limited etching effect on the layered structure of the rubidium cesium lithium mica, is mainly applied to layer edge bond breaking and surface defects to generate fragmentation roughening on