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CN-121972402-A - Multistage sorting equipment for recycling photovoltaic panels and pyrolysis treatment process

CN121972402ACN 121972402 ACN121972402 ACN 121972402ACN-121972402-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel recovery, in particular to a multistage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recovery and a pyrolysis treatment process, which comprises a screening bin, wherein one end of the screening bin is provided with a plurality of discharge holes, the device also comprises a screen plate, a dredging roller and a driving component, the screen plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the screening bin, a plurality of screen holes are formed in the top of the screen plate, the plurality of screen holes are distributed in a horizontal array, the dredging roller comprises a pair of rotating racks, a plurality of support rods and a plurality of torsion springs, and the rotating racks are positioned below the screen plate.

Inventors

  • YE CHENG
  • WU WENBING
  • WU XIANG
  • CHEN HOUNIAN
  • LIU GAO

Assignees

  • 南京万舟发机电科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260211

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic board is retrieved and is used multistage sorting facilities, includes sieve storehouse (1), a plurality of discharge gates (10) have been seted up to sieve storehouse (1) one end, a serial communication port, still include sieve (12), pull through roller (2) and drive assembly (3), sieve (12) and sieve storehouse (1) inner wall fixed connection, a plurality of sieve mesh (120) have been seted up at sieve (12) top, a plurality of sieve mesh (120) are horizontal array and distribute, pull through roller (2) include a pair of rotating turret (20), a plurality of bracing piece (21) and a plurality of torsional spring (23), rotating turret (20) are located sieve (12) below, a plurality of bracing piece (21) are circumference and are distributed in rotating turret (20) one side, both sides of bracing piece (21) pass two rotating turrets (20) respectively and are connected rather than rotating, a plurality of ejector pins (22) are distributed to ejector pin (22) top horizontal interval, ejector pin (22) and bracing piece (21) fixed connection, ejector pin (22) pass (120) and contradict rather than inner wall (22) and are the sieve mesh (23), the torsional spring (23) are located in rotating turret (20) one side of sieve storehouse (20) are located to the periphery (20) that is close to each other to one side of rotating turret (22), the two ends of the torsion spring (23) are fixedly connected with the support rod (21) and the rotating frame (20) respectively, the driving assembly (3) is arranged in the screening bin (1), and the driving assembly (3) is used for driving the rotating frame (20) to roll along the bottom of the screening plate (12).
  2. 2. The multistage sorting device for recycling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, further comprising a screen (13), wherein the screen (13) is located above the screen plate (12) and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the screen bin (1), the number of the screen plates (12) and the number of the dredging rollers (2) are multiple, the tops of the screen plates (12) and the tops of the screen (13) are flush with the bottom wall of the discharge hole (10), and the diameters of the screen holes (120) on the screen plates (12) are sequentially reduced from top to bottom.
  3. 3. The multistage sorting device for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving assembly (3) comprises a plurality of rotating shafts (30), a pair of supporting plates (31), a pair of gears (32), a pair of racks (33), a first mounting plate (35) and a first motor (36), wherein the rotating shafts (30) are coaxially connected with the rotating frame (20), long grooves (11) for the rotating shafts (30) to penetrate are formed in two sides of the screening bin (1), the rotating shafts (30) penetrate through the supporting plates (31) and are rotationally connected with the same, the supporting plates (31) are slidably connected with the screening bin (1), the two gears (32) are coaxially connected with the two rotating shafts (30) at the top, the racks (33) are fixedly connected with the screening bin (1), the tops of the gears (32) are meshed with the racks (33), the first mounting plate (35) is fixedly connected with one of the supporting plates (31), the first motor (36) is fixedly connected with the first mounting plate (35), and the first motor (36) is used for driving the rotating shafts (30) at the top.
  4. 4. A multistage sorting device for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that the driving assembly (3) further comprises a pair of transmission mechanisms (34), two transmission mechanisms (34) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the screening bin (1), each transmission mechanism (34) comprises a plurality of chain wheels (340), a telescopic rod (341) and a first spring (342), each chain wheel (340) is coaxially connected with the corresponding rotating shaft (30), a plurality of chain wheels (340) are in transmission, one end of each telescopic rod (341) is fixedly connected with the corresponding supporting plate (31), the telescopic end of each telescopic rod (341) is rotatably connected with the periphery of the corresponding rotating shaft (30) in the middle, each first spring (342) is sleeved on the periphery of each telescopic rod (341), two ends of each first spring (342) are fixedly connected with the corresponding telescopic ends of the corresponding supporting plate (31) and the corresponding rotating shaft (30), and a fish-eye groove (310) for the corresponding rotating shaft (30) to penetrate through is formed in one side of the corresponding supporting plate (31).
  5. 5. A multi-stage sorting apparatus for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a leakage-proof assembly (4), the leakage-proof assembly (4) comprises a pair of grating plates (40), a guide rod (41), two bidirectional screws (42), a second mounting plate (43) and a second motor (44), two grating plates (40) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the sieving bin (1), the grating plates (40) are in plug-in fit with the elongated slots (11), the guide rod (41) passes through the sieving bin (1) and is fixedly connected with the same, the bidirectional screws (42) pass through the sieving bin (1) and are rotatably connected with the same, the grating plates (40) are slidably connected with the periphery of the guide rod (41), the threads on the grating plates (40) are opposite in direction, the second mounting plate (43) is fixedly connected with the sieving bin (1), the second motor (44) is fixedly connected with the second mounting plate (43), and the second motor (44) is used for driving the bidirectional screws (42) to rotate.
  6. 6. A multistage sorting device for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, further comprising a double-shaft vibration exciter (14), a base (15) and a plurality of second springs (16), wherein the double-shaft vibration exciter (14) is arranged at the bottom of the screening bin (1), the double-shaft vibration exciter (14) is used for driving the screening bin (1) to vibrate, the plurality of second springs (16) are respectively positioned at four corners of the bottom of the screening bin (1), and two ends of each second spring (16) are respectively fixedly connected with the base (15) and the screening bin (1).
  7. 7. A pyrolysis treatment process applied to a multistage sorting device for photovoltaic panel recovery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of: s100, conveying the recovered waste photovoltaic plates into an automatic frame dismantling machine, and dismantling aluminum alloy frames, junction boxes and MC4 connectors of the waste photovoltaic plates to obtain a frameless light Fu Banceng pressing piece; S200, sending the frameless photovoltaic laminated piece into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, so that EVA adhesive films and backboard materials in the photovoltaic laminated piece are pyrolyzed; s300, introducing high-temperature oil gas generated in the pyrolysis step into a cold system for condensation, separating liquid fuel oil, and returning the rest non-condensable gas to the pyrolysis furnace as supplementary fuel for combustion; s400, guiding crushed aggregates generated in the pyrolysis step into a storage bin for temporary storage, enabling waste materials of the next batch to enter a pyrolysis furnace for decomposition, and meanwhile, primarily screening the crushed aggregates in the storage bin through multi-stage sorting equipment; s500, the crushed aggregates after preliminary screening are subjected to manual sorting, air separation, color sorting, AI intelligent sorting and gravity sorting to obtain a plurality of sorting targets, wherein the sorting targets comprise glass, copper strips, silicon chips and silver powder (attached to copper and carbon powder).
  8. 8. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage separation device for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 7, wherein the step S400 specifically comprises: S410, screening crushed aggregates into top-layer materials, one-layer materials, two-layer materials, three-layer materials and four-layer materials of different levels according to particle sizes through a screening bin (1); s420, manually sorting the top-layer materials in the step S410 to obtain large glass, copper strips and copper balls; S430, washing a layer of material in the step S410 by alkali, then placing the washed material into a next-stage storage bin, separating clean glass and copper strips or copper balls by a color sorter, placing the rest intermediate material into the next-stage storage bin, and then intelligently separating by AI to obtain copper wool and clean glass respectively; S440, separating the silicon chip and the rice grain glass mixture from the two-layer material in the step S410 through a winnowing machine, and carrying out two-stage screening treatment on the rice grain glass mixture; S450, carrying out 80-mesh vibration separation treatment on the three-layer material in the step S410 to obtain silver powder, silicon powder and copper wool mixture, and then placing the silicon powder and copper wool mixture into a 2-ton storage bin for gravity separation to obtain copper wool and silicon wafer respectively.
  9. 9. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage separation device for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 8, wherein the step S410 specifically comprises: S411, inputting crushed aggregates from the top of a screening bin (1), generating vibration through a double-shaft vibration exciter (14), and layering the crushed aggregates according to the size through screening of a screen (13) and a plurality of screen plates (12); s412, stopping vibration, respectively outputting the crushed aggregates after preliminary screening from a plurality of discharge holes (10), and opening the long groove (11) through the leakage-proof assembly (4) to enable the dredging roller (2) to have working conditions; S413, synchronously driving a plurality of dredging rollers (2) to roll reciprocally along the bottom of the sieve plate (12) through a driving assembly (3), and alternately rotating supporting rods (21) along with the movement of the periphery of the dredging rollers (2), wherein ejector rods (22) on the supporting rods (21) are inserted into sieve holes (120) from bottom to top and then reversely pulled out, so that crushed aggregates clamped in the sieve holes (120) are ejected; s414, moving the dredging roller (2) to reset, and then resetting the leakage-proof assembly (4) to finish the preparation work of the subsequent screening.
  10. 10. The pyrolysis treatment process of a multi-stage separation apparatus for recycling photovoltaic panels according to claim 8, wherein the two-stage screening treatment in step S440 comprises the steps of: s441, screening the rice grain glass mixture into crushed aggregates with the radius of more than 20 meshes and less than 3mm, and crushed aggregates with the radius of less than 20 meshes and more than 3mm respectively through two-stage screening; S442, carrying out small air separation on crushed aggregates with the radius larger than 3mm in the step S441 to obtain rice grain glass, silicon wafers, clean glass and copper wool mixture respectively, and then placing the clean glass and copper wool mixture into a 3-ton storage bin for AI intelligent separation to obtain copper wool and clean glass respectively; s443, separating fine silicon powder, fine glass and fine copper wool from crushed aggregates with the radius smaller than 20 meshes in the step S441 by removing specific gravity, and then placing the rest crushed aggregates into the step S450 for treatment; S444, placing crushed aggregates with the radius larger than 20 meshes and smaller than 3mm in the step S441 into a 3-ton storage bin, and carrying out specific gravity separation for multiple times to respectively obtain specific gravity tailings (fine glass and fine silicon chips), specific gravity silicon chips and copper wool.

Description

Multistage sorting equipment for recycling photovoltaic panels and pyrolysis treatment process Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel recovery, in particular to multistage separation equipment for photovoltaic panel recovery and a pyrolysis treatment process. Background The photovoltaic panel recycling pyrolysis process is a core process for recycling waste photovoltaic panels, and the core aim is to realize efficient separation of organic components and inorganic valuable resources in the panels. The process comprises the steps of firstly disassembling and crushing the waste photovoltaic plates to remove the laminated plates with impurities such as shells, then placing the laminated plates in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen closed reactor, and enabling organic units such as EVA adhesive films in the plates to distribute pyrolysis reaction by precisely controlling the heating temperature, thereby realizing the thorough separation of organic phases from inorganic solid phases such as glass, silicon chips, metal grid lines and the like. Wherein, the pyrolysis product can be used as fuel resource after purification, and the solid phase residue is required to be further recovered by the subsequent multi-stage separation process to valuable metals such as silicon, copper, aluminum, silver and the like and glass substrates. The process can effectively avoid secondary pollution caused by incineration of organic components, has high valuable resource separation recovery rate, and meets the large-scale treatment requirement of waste photovoltaic panels. After the pyrolysis step is finished, the crushed aggregates output by the pyrolysis furnace are subjected to preliminary separation by multi-stage separation equipment, and the process is generally realized by a horizontal vibrating screen at present. However, the horizontal vibrating screen in the prior art has obvious defects that the clamping material is not convenient to effectively dredge. The working principle of the horizontal vibrating screen is that the vibrating screen vibrates by itself, so that crushed aggregates are separated in a grading manner through a plurality of sieve holes with different sizes in the moving process from top to bottom. The crushed aggregates after crushing and pyrolysis of the waste photovoltaic plates are irregular in size and shape, have certain viscosity and are extremely easy to clamp in sieve holes of different specifications. The problem not only can greatly reduce the sorting efficiency, but also can cause that crushed aggregates particles partially conforming to the sieve pore size cannot normally pass through so as to influence the subsequent sorting quality, and the crushed aggregates are complicated in size and specification, and the crushed aggregates are required to be divided into a plurality of parts for primary screening, so that the defect of clamping materials is further amplified, and finally, the resource waste and the economic loss are caused. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a multistage sorting device for recycling a photovoltaic panel and a pyrolysis treatment process, which can dredge sieve holes, thereby improving sorting quality and enterprise benefit. To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: The utility model provides a photovoltaic board is retrieved and is used multistage sorting facilities, including the sieve storehouse, a plurality of discharge gates have been seted up to sieve storehouse one end, still include the sieve, mediation roller and drive assembly, a plurality of sieve meshes have been seted up at sieve storehouse inner wall fixed connection, a plurality of sieve meshes have been seted up at the sieve top, a plurality of sieve meshes are horizontal array distribution, the mediation roller includes a pair of rotating turret, a plurality of bracing pieces and a plurality of torsional springs, the rotating turret is located the sieve below, a plurality of bracing pieces are circumference and distribute in rotating turret one side, two rotating turret are passed respectively and are rotated rather than being connected to the bracing piece both sides, bracing piece top horizontal interval distribution has a plurality of ejector pins, ejector pin and bracing piece fixed connection, the ejector pin passes the sieve mesh and contradicts each other with its inner wall, the one end top slope that the ejector pin is close to the discharge gate can rolling be installed in the sieve storehouse, the bracing piece periphery is located to the torsional spring cover, torsional spring both ends respectively with bracing piece and rotating turret fixed connection, drive assembly installs in the sieve storehouse, drive assembly is used for driving the rotating turret along the sieve bottom to roll. Preferably, still include the screen cloth, the screen cloth is located the screen plate top and with screen cloth