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CN-121972460-A - Laser rust removing system and method for metal wire

CN121972460ACN 121972460 ACN121972460 ACN 121972460ACN-121972460-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal wire laser rust removing system and method, comprising a pulse laser, wherein a beam expanding and collimating assembly is arranged on an optical path of the pulse laser, a spectroscope is arranged on an emergent optical path of the beam expanding and collimating assembly, a group of laser focusing submodules I distributed on the left side and the right side of the circumference of the metal wire are arranged on a transmission optical path of the spectroscope, a reflecting assembly is arranged on a reflecting optical path of the spectroscope, and a group of laser focusing submodules II distributed on the upper side and the lower side of the circumference of the metal wire are arranged on an emergent optical path of the reflecting assembly. According to the invention, the laser beam splitting and two groups of bidirectional focusing sub-modules are arranged, so that the collimated laser beams are split into two paths and respectively pass through the synergism of the lens group and the reflecting mirror, and the synchronous laser irradiation of the whole circumferential surface of the wire is realized at one time under the condition of not rotating the wire.

Inventors

  • QU XIAONI
  • LI LIN
  • LI YUTING
  • ZHANG YUBO
  • LU KANGKANG

Assignees

  • 西安工程大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260206

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The metal wire laser rust removal system is characterized by comprising a pulse laser (1), wherein a beam expansion and collimation assembly is arranged on a light path of the pulse laser (1), a beam splitter (2) is arranged on an emergent light path of the beam expansion and collimation assembly, a group of laser focusing submodules I distributed on the left side and the right side of the circumference of a metal wire (3) are arranged on a transmission light path of the beam splitter (2), a reflection assembly is arranged on a reflection light path of the beam splitter (2), and a group of laser focusing submodules II distributed on the upper side and the lower side of the circumference of the metal wire (3) are arranged on an emergent light path of the reflection assembly.
  2. 2. The metal wire laser rust removing system according to claim 1, wherein the beam expanding and collimating assembly comprises a beam expanding lens (4) and a collimating lens (5) which are sequentially arranged at intervals in front of an optical path of the pulse laser (1).
  3. 3. The metal wire laser rust removing system according to claim 1, wherein the laser focusing sub-module I comprises a convex lens I (6) located on a transmission light path of the spectroscope (2) between the metal wire (3) and the spectroscope (2), a convex lens II (7) is arranged at intervals on the other side of the metal wire (3) circumferentially opposite to the convex lens I (6), main focuses of the convex lens II (7) and the convex lens I (6) are located on the left side and the right side of the metal wire (3) respectively, and a reflecting mirror I (8) is arranged at intervals on one side of the convex lens II (7) far away from the metal wire (3).
  4. 4. A metal wire laser rust removing system according to claim 3, wherein the reflecting component comprises a reflecting mirror III (9) located on a reflecting light path of the beam splitter (2) and parallel to the beam splitter (2), and a reflecting mirror IV (10) having an incident light path perpendicular to an emergent light path is disposed on an emergent light path of the reflecting mirror III (9).
  5. 5. The metal wire laser rust removing system according to claim 4, wherein the laser focusing sub-module II comprises a convex lens III (11) located on an outgoing light path of the reflecting mirror IV (10) between the metal wire (3) and the reflecting mirror IV (10), a convex lens IV (12) is arranged at intervals on the other side of the metal wire (3) circumferentially opposite to the convex lens III (11), main focuses of the convex lens IV (12) and the convex lens III (11) are located on the upper and lower sides of the circumference of the metal wire (3), and a reflecting mirror II (13) is arranged at intervals on one side of the convex lens IV (12) far away from the metal wire (3).
  6. 6. The method for derusting the metal wire laser derusting system according to claim 5, characterized in that the pulse laser (1) is turned on, the multiple of the beam expander (4) and the focal lengths of the convex lens I (6) and the convex lens III (11) in the beam expander collimation assembly are adjusted, so that the convex lens I (6) and the convex lens III (11) form light spots twice the diameter of the metal wire (3) at the main focal position, the light spot center of the main focal position of the convex lens I (6) is longitudinally shifted to the same height as the upper end or the lower end of the metal wire (3), and the light spot center of the main focal position of the convex lens III (11) is transversely shifted to the same height as the left end or the right end of the metal wire (3).
  7. 7. The method for removing rust of a metal wire laser rust removing system according to claim 6, wherein the pulse laser (1) is turned on and then power is adjusted to : In the formula, Is the area of the light spot; repeating the frequency for the laser; the constraint conditions for the laser energy density are: In the formula, An ablation threshold for contaminants on the surface of the metal wire; Is the damage threshold of the metal wire substrate.
  8. 8. The descaling method of the metal wire laser descaling system according to claim 7, wherein the pulse width of the pulse laser (1) is set to nanosecond level.

Description

Laser rust removing system and method for metal wire Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of laser rust removal, and particularly relates to a metal wire laser rust removal system. The invention also relates to a metal wire laser rust removing method. Background Laser rust removal is an advanced cleaning technology which is rapidly developed in recent years, and uses a laser beam with high energy density to remove pollutants such as rust, coating, oil stain and the like on the surface of metal without damaging a substrate. The working principle is that laser beam irradiates the metal surface, the absorption rate of the rust layer to laser with certain wavelength is far higher than that of a clean metal matrix, the rust layer absorbs a large amount of energy in the moment, the temperature is rapidly increased, the thin rust layer and pollutants are directly heated and gasified, the thick rust layer is directly dropped off due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the thin rust layer and the matrix, and in addition, the pollutants are removed by plasma shock waves under high power density. The method has the advantages of non-contact, no grinding, high selectivity, high precision, high efficiency, flexibility, no post-treatment, green environmental protection and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of high-end manufacturing industry, electric power ships, rail transit, aerospace and the like. At present, laser rust removal mainly faces problems of treatment efficiency, such as large-plane rust removal and wire rust removal, in addition to the problems of high initial investment, sensitive substrate materials, high safety requirements and the like. The large-plane rust removal can increase laser power and substrate precession speed, but the wire can only remove part of the surface irradiated by laser at one time due to the circumferential characteristics of the surface of the wire, and the laser energy utilization rate and the rust removal efficiency are low. Aiming at the problem of low rust removal efficiency of the wire rod, the surface irradiated by laser is generally changed by rotating the wire rod, so that the circumferential rust removal of the wire rod is realized, but the method can additionally increase a high-precision wire rod rotating system, and if the precision is insufficient, the problems of shearing failure, plastic deformation, fatigue failure, unsteady buckling or rigidity reduction and the like can be brought to the wire rod. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a metal wire laser rust removing system, which solves the problem that the existing wire rust removing mode is low in efficiency due to the fact that the laser energy utilization rate and the laser irradiation area are limited. Another object of the present invention is to provide a metal wire laser descaling method. The metal wire laser rust removing system comprises a pulse laser, wherein a beam expanding and collimating assembly is arranged on an optical path of the pulse laser, a beam splitter is arranged on an emergent optical path of the beam expanding and collimating assembly, a group of laser focusing sub-modules I distributed on the left side and the right side of the circumference of the metal wire are arranged on a transmission optical path of the beam splitter, a reflecting assembly is arranged on a reflecting optical path of the beam splitter, and a group of laser focusing sub-modules II distributed on the upper side and the lower side of the circumference of the metal wire are arranged on an emergent optical path of the reflecting assembly. The first technical solution of the invention is also characterized in that, The beam expanding and collimating assembly comprises a beam expanding lens and a collimating lens which are sequentially arranged in front of the light path of the pulse laser at intervals. The laser focusing submodule I comprises a convex lens I positioned on a spectroscope transmission light path between the metal wire and the spectroscope, a convex lens II is arranged on the other side of the metal wire, which is opposite to the convex lens I in the circumferential direction, the main focuses of the convex lens II and the convex lens I are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the metal wire, and a reflecting mirror I is arranged on one side of the convex lens II, which is far away from the metal wire, in an interval manner. The reflection assembly comprises a reflection mirror III which is positioned on a spectroscope reflection light path and is parallel to the spectroscope, and a reflection mirror IV which is perpendicular to an incident light path and an emergent light path is arranged on an emergent light path of the reflection mirror III. The laser focusing submodule II comprises a convex lens III positioned on an emergent light path of the reflecting mirror IV between the metal wire and the reflecting mirro