CN-121972461-A - Device and method for laser cleaning titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating

CN121972461ACN 121972461 ACN121972461 ACN 121972461ACN-121972461-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for cleaning a titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating by laser, which belong to the technical field of laser surface cleaning and comprise a laser emission system, a robot system, a follow-up system, an aerosol collecting system and a control system, wherein the laser emission system, the robot system, the follow-up system and the aerosol collecting system are respectively connected with the control system, the laser emission system is used for emitting pulse laser beams and carrying out collimation, light path control and focusing on the emitted pulse laser beams, the robot system is used for assisting in completing laser cleaning, the follow-up system is used for accurately controlling the surface of a workpiece to be cleaned to be positioned on a laser focal plane at the moment, and the aerosol collecting system is used for collecting smoke dust and aerosol of suspended particles generated when the laser cleans the hot forming protective coating. The device and the method can effectively remove the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy without damaging the titanium alloy matrix, and have the advantages of high precision and no pollution.

Inventors

WANG QIAN
PAN FENG
YU ZEQIN
WANG LIHUA
HUA CHENG
SU YONGHAO
XI HAN
JIN XIAOWEI

Assignees

成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260210

Claims (11)

1. The device for cleaning the titanium alloy surface high-temperature forming protective coating by laser is characterized by comprising a laser emission system, a robot system, a follow-up system, an aerosol collecting system and a control system, wherein the laser emission system, the robot system, the follow-up system and the aerosol collecting system are respectively connected with the control system, the laser emission system is used for emitting pulse laser beams and carrying out collimation, light path control and focusing on the emitted pulse laser beams, the robot system is used for assisting in completing laser cleaning, the follow-up system is used for accurately controlling the surface of a workpiece to be cleaned to be positioned on a laser focal plane at the moment, and the aerosol collecting system is used for collecting aerosols of smoke dust and suspended particles generated when the laser is used for cleaning the thermoforming protective coating.
2. The device for cleaning the titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating by using the laser according to claim 1, wherein the laser emission system comprises a laser emitter, a collimator, a deflection mirror, a vibrating mirror and a field mirror, wherein the laser emitter is used for emitting a pulse laser beam, the collimator is used for collimating the emitted laser beam to obtain a collimated laser beam, the deflection mirror is used for changing the direction of the collimated laser beam, the vibrating mirror is used for precisely controlling the direction of the laser beam, and the field mirror is used for focusing the laser beam output by the vibrating mirror.
3. The device for cleaning the titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating by using the laser is characterized in that the robot system comprises a robot control cabinet and a mechanical arm, wherein the robot control cabinet carries laser cleaning path information, and the laser head is driven to move according to a preset moving path by the multi-axis mechanical arm.
4. The device for cleaning the titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating by using the laser according to claim 3, wherein the follow-up system comprises a vision sensor and a Z-axis high-precision moving platform, the vision sensor is used for acquiring the distance between the laser head and the surface of the workpiece to be cleaned and transmitting distance information to the Z-axis high-precision moving platform, and the Z-axis high-precision moving platform precisely moves according to the distance information, so that the laser head is positioned on a laser focal plane at any moment.
5. The apparatus for cleaning a titanium alloy surface by laser high temperature hot forming protective coating according to claim 4, wherein the aerosol collecting system comprises a suction component and an air knife protecting component, the suction component generates negative pressure near a laser action area to suck the aerosol into a pipeline, and the air knife protecting component forms a high-speed air flow barrier around a laser head protective lens to prevent smoke dust and suspended particles from adhering to the lens, and avoid energy attenuation or thermal damage caused by lens pollution.
6. The device for cleaning the high-temperature forming protective coating on the titanium alloy surface by using the laser according to claim 5 is characterized in that the control system comprises a main control system, a cleaning control system and a robot control system, wherein the main control system is used as a control main station and used for coordinating and controlling the cleaning control and the robot control system, the cleaning control system is used for controlling the laser to emit light and turn off light, and the robot control system is used for controlling the start, stop and reset of the robot.
7. A method for cleaning a device for cleaning a titanium alloy surface high temperature hot forming protective coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: s1, placing a titanium alloy high-temperature hot-formed part on a laser cleaning workbench, and fixing the position of a workpiece to be cleaned through a clamping tool; Step S2, setting a cleaning path for a robot to drive a laser head according to a 3D model of the titanium alloy high-temperature hot-formed workpiece; S3, setting laser cleaning process parameters; s4, enabling the workpiece to be cleaned to be positioned on a laser focal plane in real time through a follow-up system; and S5, starting the laser emitter and the aerosol suction system, and cleaning the titanium alloy surface high-temperature forming protective coating, if not, repeating the step S5 until the titanium alloy surface high-temperature forming protective coating is cleaned.
8. The method of cleaning a titanium alloy surface by laser according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the cleaning path includes a first cleaning path and a second cleaning path.
9. The method for cleaning the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by using the laser is characterized in that a first cleaning path is that a vibrating mirror controls laser spots to be uniformly distributed along a Y axis, the vibrating mirror scans to form a line, a robot drives a laser head to uniformly move along an X axis, so that the whole surface of the sample is cleaned, the laser cleaning speed is 15-30 mm/s, the laser cleaning width is 60-90 mm, and the single-pass overlap ratio is 30-60%.
10. The method for cleaning the titanium alloy surface by laser high-temperature hot forming protective coating according to claim 9 is characterized in that the second cleaning path is that a vibrating mirror controls laser spots to move in two dimensions, namely the laser spots are uniformly distributed along a X, Y axis, the vibrating mirror scans into a surface, a robot drives a laser head to move along an X axis at fixed points, and therefore the whole sample surface is cleaned, the cleaning length of the laser is 50-60 mm, and the cleaning width of the laser is 60-90 mm.
11. The method for cleaning the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by using the laser according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the step S3, the laser output power is 100-200W, the laser pulse width is 200-250 ns, and the laser pulse frequency is 100-200 kHz.

Description

Device and method for laser cleaning titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of laser surface cleaning, and particularly relates to a device and a method for cleaning a titanium alloy surface high-temperature hot forming protective coating by laser. Background The titanium alloy structural member needs to be coated with a high-temperature protective coating before heat treatment and high-temperature hot forming so as to ensure the stability of the titanium alloy in the heat treatment and high-temperature hot forming processes. However, after the titanium alloy is subjected to heat treatment and high-temperature hot forming, the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy needs to be removed in the subsequent other processes such as paint spraying, welding or surface treatment. The traditional method for removing the high-temperature hot forming protective coating comprises sand blowing, polishing, chemical cleaning and the like, and the method has the defects of low working efficiency, severe working environment, easiness in damaging the surface of a substrate, serious environmental pollution, harm to the physical health of staff, inapplicability to local cleaning and the like. With the development of laser processing technology, laser cleaning gradually replaces the traditional removal mode by virtue of the advantages of greenness, high efficiency, no damage, wide material applicability, high automation degree and the like. The patent publication No. CN 112090869A, publication No. 2020-12-18 discloses a method and a device for cleaning rust spots by laser of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining an accurate rust spot image, determining plane coordinates of rust spots according to the accurate rust spot image, determining whether the plane coordinates are in a moving range of a moving platform or not according to the plane coordinates, controlling a motor to move a laser gun when the plane coordinates are in the moving range of the moving platform, determining a flight route according to the maximum position relation of the rust spot size and the moving platform when the plane coordinates are out of the moving range of the moving platform, and adjusting the position of the laser gun according to the flight condition of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the flight process according to the flight route so as to realize laser cleaning of the rust spots. But the cleaning object is limited to buildings, cultural relics and rusted surfaces. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the device and the method for cleaning the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser are provided, can effectively remove the high-temperature hot forming protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy without damaging the titanium alloy matrix, and have the advantages of high precision and no pollution. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: The device for laser cleaning of the titanium alloy surface high-temperature forming protective coating comprises a laser emission system, a robot system, a follow-up system, an aerosol collecting system and a control system, wherein the laser emission system, the robot system, the follow-up system and the aerosol collecting system are respectively connected with the control system, the laser emission system is used for emitting pulse laser beams and carrying out collimation, light path control and focusing on the emitted pulse laser beams, the robot system is used for assisting in completing laser cleaning, the follow-up system is used for accurately controlling the surface of a workpiece to be cleaned to be positioned on a laser focal plane at the moment, and the aerosol collecting system is used for collecting aerosols of smoke dust and suspended particles generated during laser cleaning of the thermal forming protective coating. Preferably, the laser emission system comprises a laser emitter, a collimator, a deflection mirror, a vibrating mirror and a field mirror, wherein the laser emitter is used for emitting a pulse laser beam, the collimator is used for collimating the emitted laser beam to obtain a collimated laser beam, the deflection mirror is used for changing the direction of the collimated laser beam, the vibrating mirror is used for precisely controlling the direction of the laser beam, and the field mirror is used for focusing the laser beam output by the vibrating mirror. Preferably, the robot system comprises a robot control cabinet and a mechanical arm, wherein the robot control cabinet carries laser cleaning path information, and the laser head is driven to move according to a preset moving path through the multi-axis mechanical arm. Preferably, the follow-up system