CN-121972652-A - Aluminum-based composite wire and preparation process thereof

CN121972652ACN 121972652 ACN121972652 ACN 121972652ACN-121972652-A

Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum-based composite wire and a preparation process thereof, wherein the preparation raw materials comprise, by weight, 90-94 parts of AA8030 aluminum alloy, 0.8-2.2 parts of a core-shell structure composite reinforcement, 0.1-0.8 part of graphene nano sheets, 0.5-2.5 parts of ceramic particle reinforcements, 0.1-0.3 part of carbon nano tubes, 0.1-0.5 part of microencapsulated titanate coupling agents, 0.05-0.4 part of rare earth mixtures, 0.05-0.15 part of solid solution strengthening metals, 0.1-0.3 part of precipitation strengthening metals and 0.2-0.4 part of sodium-free refining agents, and the preparation raw materials of the core-shell structure composite reinforcement comprise MXene powder. The synergistic effect of the components in the invention comprehensively improves the conductivity, mechanical property, creep resistance and structural stability of the aluminum-based composite wire.

Inventors

CHEN ZHIGANG
SHEN JIAJUN
GUO LIJI
ZHANG HANQIN
SHEN HUALIANG
GAO XIAOFENG
FENG LIZHONG

Assignees

浙江三行电气科技有限公司
杭州申乾裕科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260227

Claims (10)

1. The aluminum-based composite wire is characterized by comprising, by weight, 90-94 parts of aluminum alloy, 0.8-2.2 parts of core-shell structure composite reinforcement, 0.1-0.8 part of graphene nano-sheets, 0.5-2.5 parts of ceramic particle reinforcement, 0.1-0.3 part of carbon nano-tubes, 0.1-0.5 part of microencapsulated titanate coupling agent, 0.05-0.4 part of rare earth mixture, 0.05-0.15 part of solid solution strengthening metal, 0.1-0.3 part of precipitation strengthening metal and 0.2-0.4 part of sodium-free refining agent, wherein the preparation raw materials of the core-shell structure composite reinforcement comprise MXene powder.
2. The aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the graphene nano-sheets have a thickness of 0.8-1.2 nm, the ceramic particle reinforcement is at least one of TiB 2 particles, al 2 O 3 particles and SiC particles, the average particle size is 1-3 μm, the carbon nano-tubes have a tube diameter of 10-20 nm and a length of 10-30 μm, and the rare earth mixture is a mixture of yttrium oxide and lanthanum oxide according to a mass ratio (2-3): 1.
3. The aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the solid solution strengthening metal is at least one of magnesium powder, manganese powder and chromium powder, the average grain size is 5-20 μm, and the precipitation strengthening metal is at least one of zinc powder, tin powder and indium powder, and the average grain size is 5-20 μm.
4. The aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the MXene powder is Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene powder, and the preparation raw materials of the core-shell structure composite reinforcement comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene powder, 20-40 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 30-60 parts of ethylene glycol, 5-10 parts of sodium hydroxide and 600-700 parts of deionized water.
5. The aluminum-based composite wire according to claim 4, wherein the method for preparing the core-shell structure composite reinforcement comprises the steps of: (1) Dispersing Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene powder in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 15-20 min under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 400-600W and frequency of 20-25 kHz, centrifuging, taking supernatant, and adjusting the concentration to 0.5-1.0 mg/mL to obtain MXene dispersion; (2) Adding copper sulfate pentahydrate into the MXene dispersion liquid, then adjusting the pH to 12-13 by sodium hydroxide, keeping stirring at a rotating speed of 200-400 r/min under the water bath condition of 80-90 ℃, dropwise adding glycol at a speed of 0.8-1.5 mL/min, wherein the molar ratio of the glycol to Cu 2+ is 3:1-5:1, and reacting for 60-120 min until the thickness of copper layer reaches 10-20 nm; (3) And after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugal separation, washing with deionized water for 3-5 times, and vacuum drying to obtain the core-shell structure composite reinforcement.
6. The aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the centrifugal separation condition is that the rotation speed is 2500-3500 r/min, and the time is 8-12min; In the step (3), the centrifugal separation condition is that the rotating speed is 8000-10000 r/min, the time is 15-20 min, and the vacuum drying condition is that the temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the drying time is 12-24 h.
7. The aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the microencapsulated titanate coupling agent is prepared from, by weight, 10-15 parts of a titanate coupling agent, 8-12 parts of a polyamide-imide resin, 30-50 parts of N-methylpyrrolidone, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 200-300 parts of deionized water.
8. The aluminum-based composite wire according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the microencapsulated titanate coupling agent comprises the steps of: (1) Mixing a titanate coupling agent and N-methyl pyrrolidone at a rotating speed of 250-350 r/min for 8-12 min to form an oil phase; (2) Dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water under stirring, and uniformly mixing to form a water phase; (3) Slowly dripping the oil phase into the water phase at 60-70 ℃, and then emulsifying for 10-15min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min to form emulsion; (4) And adding polyamide-imide resin into the emulsion, stirring at a rotation speed of 300-500 r/min at 85-95 ℃ for reaction for 2-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration, washing with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying for 4-6 hours at a temperature of 50-60 ℃ and a vacuum degree of less than or equal to 100Pa to obtain the microencapsulated titanate coupling agent.
9. A process for preparing an aluminum-based composite wire according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: S1, cutting an aluminum alloy into 5-10 cm blocks, placing the blocks in a vacuum induction furnace, heating to 690-710 ℃ to enable the aluminum alloy to be completely melted, vacuumizing to 10-50 Pa for degassing treatment for 10-20 min, introducing chlorine-containing mixed gas until the gauge pressure in the furnace is 0.08-0.10 MPa after the degassing treatment is finished, adding a sodium-free refining agent, stirring for 5-8 min at a rotating speed of 200-300 r/min, and standing for 10-15 min for slag skimming; s2, reducing the temperature of the melt obtained in the step S1 to 680-700 ℃, sequentially adding the core-shell structure composite reinforcement, the graphene nano sheet, the ceramic particle reinforcement, the carbon nano tube and the microencapsulated titanate coupling agent, stirring at a rotating speed of 200-300 r/min for 10-15 min for preliminary dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment with power of 500-800W and frequency of 20-25 kHz for 15-25 min; S3, adding a rare earth mixture, solid solution strengthening metal and precipitation strengthening metal into the system obtained in the S2, heating to 700-720 ℃, and stirring at a rotating speed of 150-200 r/min for 5-7 min to obtain a mixed melt; S4, transferring the melt obtained in the step S3 into a standing furnace, controlling the temperature to be 700-720 ℃, adopting a semi-continuous casting machine to cast and mold, and preparing an aluminum alloy round ingot with the diameter of 110-120 mm, wherein the cooling water pressure is 0.05-0.10 MPa and the water flow is 30-50L/min; S5, homogenizing the aluminum alloy round ingot at 480-520 ℃ for 4-6 hours, cooling to 400-450 ℃ along with a furnace, and preserving heat for 2-3 hours; s6, preheating the die to 380-420 ℃, controlling the temperature of the extrusion barrel to 400-450 ℃, controlling the extrusion ratio to 100-150, and extruding at the extrusion speed of 2-5 m/min to obtain a wire rod with the diameter of 8-12 mm; S7, continuously drawing the wire rod on a wire drawing machine for 7-9 times, wherein the half angle of a working area of a die is 10-12 degrees, the accumulated total reduction rate is 75-95%, carrying out on-line annealing treatment under the protection of argon or nitrogen after each drawing for 3-5 times, keeping the annealing temperature at 300-350 ℃, and preserving the heat for 15-25 min, and finally drawing the wire rod blank with the diameter of 2.0-3.0 mm; And S8, the wire rod blank is passed through an argon protection annealing furnace at a speed of 1-3 m/min, the furnace length is 30-40 m, the furnace temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the wire rod blank is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the final aluminum-based composite wire rod is obtained.
10. The process for preparing an aluminum-based composite wire rod according to claim 9, wherein in the step S1, the chlorine-containing mixed gas is a mixed gas composed of argon and chlorine in a volume ratio of 95:5.

Description

Aluminum-based composite wire and preparation process thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to an aluminum-based composite wire and a preparation process thereof. Background The crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cable and cable accessories are widely applied to the field of power transmission due to excellent insulating property, heat resistance and laying adaptability, the long-term running temperature of conductors can reach 90 ℃, the highest temperature during short circuit is higher than 250 ℃, and strict requirements are provided for the conductivity, mechanical property and structural stability of conductor wires. The aluminum-based wire rod becomes an important candidate material of the cable conductor by virtue of light weight, cost advantage and good conductive potential, and MXene is used as a novel two-dimensional layered material, and has application potential of synergistically enhancing conductive and mechanical properties in the aluminum-based composite material due to unique structure and surface characteristics, so that a new direction is provided for the development of the high-performance aluminum-based wire rod. In the prior art, the performance improvement of the aluminum-based wire is mostly dependent on a single strengthening mechanism or a simply compounded reinforcement, and although the conductivity or mechanical property can be improved to a certain extent, the comprehensive optimization of multiple performances is difficult to realize. In particular, under the complex service environment of a crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cable, the conventional aluminum-based wire generally has the problem that the conductivity and the mechanical property are mutually restricted, and meanwhile, under the action of long-term load and temperature fluctuation, the creep resistance and the structural stability of the material are insufficient, so that the use requirements of the cable and accessories for long-term safe operation cannot be fully met. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an aluminum-based composite wire rod and a preparation process thereof. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: The application discloses an aluminum-based composite wire rod, which comprises, by weight, 90-94 parts of AA8030 aluminum alloy, 0.8-2.2 parts of a core-shell structure composite reinforcement, 0.1-0.8 part of graphene nano sheets, 0.5-2.5 parts of ceramic particle reinforcements, 0.1-0.3 parts of carbon nano tubes, 0.1-0.5 part of microencapsulated titanate coupling agents, 0.05-0.4 part of rare earth mixtures, 0.05-0.15 part of solid solution strengthening metals, 0.1-0.3 part of precipitation strengthening metals and 0.2-0.4 part of sodium-free refining agents, wherein the preparation raw materials of the core-shell structure composite reinforcement comprise MXene powder. By adopting the technical scheme, the AA8030 aluminum alloy is used as a matrix to provide basic electric conduction and mechanical property support, the core-shell structure composite reinforcement takes MXene powder as a preparation raw material, the mechanical strength and electric conduction property of a wire rod can be improved, the graphene nano-sheets and the carbon nano-tubes are cooperated to construct a high-efficiency electric conduction network and enhance the toughness of the material, the ceramic particle reinforcement improves the tensile strength and hardness of the material, the microencapsulated titanate coupling agent can realize the fixed-point release of the coupling agent, the interface bonding state of each core-shell structure composite reinforcement and the aluminum alloy matrix is improved to reduce stress concentration, the rare earth mixture purifies crystal boundaries and refines grains, the high-temperature tissue stability of the material is optimized, the solid solution strengthening metal and precipitation strengthening metal jointly improve the mechanical property and creep resistance of the material, the sodium-free refining agent removes impurities in a melt and reduces the gas content, so that the compactness of the material is improved, and the electric conduction property, the mechanical property, the creep resistance and the structural stability of the aluminum-based composite wire rod are comprehensively improved. Preferably, the thickness of the graphene nano sheet is 0.8-1.2 nm, the ceramic particle reinforcement is at least one of TiB 2 particles, al 2O3 particles and SiC particles, the average particle size is 1-3 mu m, the pipe diameter of the carbon nano tube is 10-20 nm, the length of the carbon nano tube is 10-30 mu m, and the rare earth mixture is a mixture of yttrium oxide and lanthanum oxide according to the mass ratio (2-3): 1. According to the technical scheme, the graphene nano sheet with the thickne