CN-121972657-A - Ceramic particle for laser cladding and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding and surface engineering, and particularly relates to ceramic particles for laser cladding and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the steps of pretreating ceramic particles, sensitizing in tin ion solution, activating, depositing Ni-P coating, and obtaining ceramic particles for laser cladding. When the ceramic particles for laser cladding are used for aluminum alloy laser cladding repair, the wettability and interface metallurgical bonding of the particles and the matrix can be obviously improved, and the generation of unwetted, unfused and pore defects is reduced, so that the density and bonding strength of a cladding layer are improved, the defects of agglomeration, sinking and unfused are inhibited, and the compactness, microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a coating are improved. The method has the advantages of mild process, strong applicability, easy mass production and on-site repair popularization, and is suitable for the surface strengthening and remanufacturing repair engineering of various ceramic/metal combinations.

Inventors

• WANG QIWEI
• DU WENBO
• HAN GUOFENG
• ZHAO YUHUI
• ZHANG SUICHAO
• YANG YINGFEI
• LI JIE
• ZHANG PENG
• CHEN DEXIN
• CAO LIN
• WANG TING
• ZHAO HU

Assignees

• 暨南大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260408

Claims (10)

1. 1. The preparation method of the ceramic particles for laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps: pretreating ceramic particles to obtain pretreated ceramic particles, then carrying out sensitization treatment in a tin ion solution to obtain sensitized ceramic particles, then carrying out activation treatment in a noble metal ion solution to obtain activated ceramic particles, and then carrying out Ni-P coating deposition to obtain the ceramic particles for laser cladding.
2. 2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are at least one of TiN particles, tiC particles, siC particles, al 2 O 3 particles, tiB 2 particles and WC particles, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 3-100 μm.
3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treating the ceramic particles comprises: The method comprises the steps of washing ceramic particles with deionized water and acetone respectively to remove oil, and then transferring the ceramic particles into an acidic solution to perform surface roughening treatment to obtain pretreated ceramic particles, wherein the acidic solution is an HCl solution, the concentration of the acidic solution is 1-3wt%, and the surface roughening treatment time is 5-10min.
4. 4. The preparation method of the silver-zinc composite material is characterized in that the tin ion solution is a mixed solution of SnCl 2 and HCl, the concentration of SnCl 2 in the mixed solution of SnCl 2 and HCl is 0.2-0.3mol/L, the concentration of HCl is 0.1-0.4mol/L, the sensitization treatment comprises the steps of placing pretreated ceramic particles in the tin ion solution for stirring reaction for more than 20min, taking out, cleaning and drying to obtain sensitized ceramic particles, the noble metal ion solution is PdCl 2 solution, the concentration of noble metal ion solution is 0.005-0.02 mol/L, and the activation treatment comprises the steps of placing sensitized ceramic particles in the noble metal ion solution for stirring reaction for more than 20min, taking out, cleaning and drying to obtain activated ceramic particles.
5. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Ni-P coating layer is deposited by immersing the activated ceramic particles in a plating solution at a temperature of 75-90 ℃ for 60-120min to obtain ceramic particles after depositing the Ni-P coating layer, wherein the plating solution comprises nickel salt, a reducing agent and a complexing agent, the pH of the plating solution is 4.5-6.0, the concentration of the nickel salt in the plating solution is 0.14-0.16 mol/L, the concentration of the reducing agent is 0.5-0.7 mol/L, the concentration of the complexing agent is 0.15-0.46mol/L, the thickness of the Ni-P coating layer is 0.5-3.5 μm, and the P content in the Ni-P coating layer is 4-10wt%.
6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the nickel salt is at least one of NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O、NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, the reducing agent is NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O, and the complexing agent comprises sodium citrate and potassium sodium tartrate.
7. 7. A ceramic particle for laser cladding produced by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. 8. A composite powder for laser cladding comprising the ceramic particles for laser cladding according to claim 7 and an aluminum alloy powder, wherein the ceramic particles for laser cladding are 5 to 50% by mass in the composite powder for laser cladding.
9. 9. The preparation method of the composite powder for laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps: Mixing ceramic particles for laser cladding with aluminum alloy powder, and performing ball milling treatment to obtain the composite powder for laser cladding, wherein the rotation speed of the ball milling treatment is 150-250 rpm, and the time of the ball milling treatment is 1-4h.
10. 10. Use of the composite powder for laser cladding according to claim 8 for the preparation of a Ni-P metallized ceramic particle reinforced laser cladding metal matrix repair composite coating, comprising the steps of: Preparing a composite coating on the surface of a matrix by using the composite powder for laser cladding in a laser cladding mode, then carrying out solution treatment and then post-treatment to obtain the Ni-P metallized ceramic particle reinforced laser cladding metal matrix repair composite coating, wherein the matrix is an aluminum alloy matrix, the laser cladding is carried out by using a continuous wave laser, the laser beam diameter is 2-4mm, the laser power is 1200-2400W, the scanning speed is 5-15mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 2-14g/min, the lap joint rate is 40-60%, the post-treatment mode is low-temperature ageing, the low-temperature ageing temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the low-temperature ageing time is 10-18 h.

Description

Ceramic particle for laser cladding and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding and surface engineering, and particularly relates to ceramic particles for laser cladding and a preparation method and application thereof. Background The particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material inherits the mechanical and physical properties of aluminum alloy and reinforcing materials, has the characteristics of high specific strength, specific modulus, wear resistance, low expansion, high thermal conductivity and the like, has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, creep resistance, heat resistance, vibration reduction and the like under the composite effect, and is widely applied to the fields of national defense and military industry, aerospace, transportation and the like. Surface metallization modification is an effective means of improving wettability and interfacial bonding force between ceramic particles and metal substrates, and common methods include Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), pre-metallization (e.g., mo-Mn), electroless plating (also known as electroless or autocatalytic deposition), and the like. PVD/CVD deposits metal or metal precursor on ceramic surface uniformly by physical or chemical evaporation/decomposition to obtain compact film, which is suitable for occasions requiring high purity, fine thickness control and good adhesion, and metallization (such as Mo-Mn dip-coating and reduction) is often used as pretreatment means for difficult-to-plate substrate, and the original ceramic-metal contact surface is partially converted into metal-metal contact by forming a metal layer on ceramic surface which can be well wetted by subsequent process, so that the bonding property is remarkably improved. In contrast, electroless plating has the characteristics of simple process, low equipment requirement, uniform coating and controllable thickness, and is most widely applied to the metallization modification of powder/particles. Electroless plating is a process of reducing and depositing metal ions on a solid surface with catalytic activity by providing electrons to the metal ions by means of a reducing agent in a solution without switching on an external power supply, and the general reaction can be written as follows: Mn++ ne-→ M The deposition process is an autocatalytic process in which the deposited metal layer itself has catalytic activity on metal ions in solution, forming new nucleation and growth sites, so that the reaction continues and spreads uniformly along the particle surface. In order to ensure the continuity and initial bonding of the reinforcing phase in laser cladding, the conventional practice is to perform surface cleaning and sensitization/activation on ceramic particles before electroless plating to generate active nucleation sites, common metallization systems comprise electroless copper plating, electroless cobalt plating, electroless nickel plating and the like, the metallization can remarkably improve the surface energy and chemical affinity of the ceramic surface, and ceramic-matrix contacts mainly based on Van der Waals force or weak physical bonds are converted into metal-metal contacts to a great extent, so that wettability, powder mixing uniformity and interface metallurgical bonding in the cladding process are improved. However, in practical application, the conventional electroless plating still has a plurality of key short plates, namely the uniformity and connectivity of the coating film of inert or complex morphology particles are difficult to fully guarantee, the sensitization/activation procedure is sensitive to a process window and is easy to introduce surface residues, under the high-energy melting condition, the thermal stability of the plating layer and the interaction with a matrix can cause harmful phases or brittle interfaces to generate and initiate cracks, in addition, the thickness, the porosity and the adhesion of the plating layer are balanced in a non-negligible way, the thin layer is easy to be discontinuous and thickened, the cladding chemical components and dilution behaviors can be changed, and the stability, the recycling, the pollution control and the like of the plating solution also influence the process consistency and the cost during industrial amplification. In summary, although chemical plating has certain advantages as a low-temperature, controllable and batch surface modification method suitable for particles with complex morphology, the strict requirements of engineering application are met by improving the uniformity, the thermal stability and the interface reliability of a coating film when facing the working conditions of high-temperature and high-speed melt processing such as laser cladding. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide ceramic particles for las