Search

CN-121972676-A - Efficient additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of electric arc presetting and laser refining

CN121972676ACN 121972676 ACN121972676 ACN 121972676ACN-121972676-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a high-efficiency additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of arc presetting and laser refining, which comprises the steps of starting an arc welding gun with initial heat input parameters and carrying out arc preset cladding on a current layering region of a part to be manufactured according to an arc prefabrication forming path to form a preset cladding layer; the method comprises the steps of adjusting initial heat input parameters of an arc welding gun based on temperature field distribution data and molten pool form data to obtain adjusted heat input parameters, starting a high-power laser head according to initial power parameters and scanning speed parameters and carrying out laser refining treatment on a preset cladding layer according to a laser refining scanning path, judging whether the power parameters and the scanning speed parameters are adjusted based on surface temperature, and completing the laser refining treatment on the preset cladding layer in a current layering region according to the adjusted power parameters and the adjusted scanning speed parameters. The invention obviously improves the comprehensive performance and manufacturing stability of the formed part through the depth cooperation of electric arc presetting and laser refining.

Inventors

  • WANG SHAOBO

Assignees

  • 天津滨海雷克斯激光科技发展有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251229

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An efficient additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of arc presetting and laser refining is characterized by comprising the following steps: Generating layering manufacturing data, an electric arc prefabrication forming path and a laser refining scanning path according to a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, and respectively installing an electric arc welding gun and a high-power laser head at the execution ends of a first robot and a second robot; Collecting material type and layered manufacturing data of the part to be manufactured, and determining initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun, initial power parameters of a high-power laser head and scanning speed parameters based on the material type and the layered manufacturing data; Starting the arc welding gun according to the initial heat input parameters, and performing electric arc preset cladding on the current layered region of the part to be manufactured according to the electric arc prefabrication forming path to form a preset cladding layer; Acquiring temperature field distribution data and molten pool form data of the preset cladding layer in real time, and adjusting initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun based on the temperature field distribution data and the molten pool form data to obtain adjusted heat input parameters; After the preset cladding of the electric arc of the current layering region is completed by the adjusted heat input parameters, starting the high-power laser head by the initial power parameters and the scanning speed parameters and carrying out laser refining treatment on the preset cladding layer according to a laser refining scanning path; Acquiring surface temperature and penetration data of the preset cladding layer in real time, judging whether to adjust the power parameter and the scanning speed parameter based on the surface temperature, and if so, adjusting the initial power parameter and the scanning speed parameter of the high-power laser head according to the surface temperature and the penetration data to obtain the adjusted power parameter and the adjusted scanning speed parameter; finishing laser refining treatment of a preset cladding layer of the current layering region by using the adjusted power parameter and scanning speed parameter; and repeatedly executing the arc preset cladding step and the laser refining step until the additive manufacturing of all layering areas of the part to be manufactured is completed, and obtaining the formed part.
  2. 2. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 1, wherein the arc prefabrication forming path and the laser refining scanning path correspond to each other in space position.
  3. 3. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 2, wherein when determining initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun, initial power parameters of a laser head and scanning speed parameters based on the material type and layered manufacturing data, comprising: analyzing the layered manufacturing data to obtain the outline size, the layer height and the filling density of each layered region; Determining a basic heat input parameter of the arc welding gun, a basic power parameter of the high-power laser head and a basic scanning speed according to the material type; constructing a layered coupling vector according to the outline size, the layer height and the filling density; Comparing the hierarchical coupling vector with a historical hierarchical vector group, and determining correction coefficients corresponding to the basic heat input parameters, the basic power parameters and the basic scanning speed according to the comparison result; And multiplying the correction coefficient with the corresponding basic heat input parameter, basic power parameter and basic scanning speed to obtain the initial heat input parameter, initial power parameter and scanning speed parameter.
  4. 4. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 3, wherein when determining the basic heat input parameter of the arc welding gun, the basic power parameter of the high power laser head and the basic scanning speed according to the material type, the method comprises: The material type comprises a metal material, an alloy material or a composite material; And comparing the material type with a preset parameter setting library, and determining the basic heat input parameter, the basic power parameter and the basic scanning speed according to the comparison result.
  5. 5. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 4, wherein the comparing the layered coupling vector with the historical layered vector set, when determining the correction coefficients corresponding to the basic heat input parameter, the basic power parameter and the basic scanning speed according to the comparison result, comprises: when the historical hierarchical coupling vector which is the same as the hierarchical coupling vector exists in the historical hierarchical vector group, a correction coefficient corresponding to the historical hierarchical coupling vector is used as the correction coefficient; when the history hierarchical vector group does not have the same history hierarchical coupling vector as the hierarchical coupling vector, calculating Euclidean distance between the hierarchical coupling vector and each history hierarchical vector in the history hierarchical vector group, selecting k history hierarchical vectors with the minimum Euclidean distance, and carrying out fusion calculation on correction coefficients corresponding to the k history hierarchical vectors by adopting a weighted average method to obtain the correction coefficients corresponding to the hierarchical coupling vector, wherein the weight value is inversely proportional to the Euclidean distance.
  6. 6. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 5, wherein adjusting initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun based on the temperature field distribution data and molten pool morphology data, when obtaining the adjusted heat input parameters, comprises: extracting the characteristics of the temperature field distribution data and the molten pool morphology data to obtain a temperature field distribution characteristic value and a molten pool morphology characteristic value; obtaining a temperature field distribution standard value and a molten pool morphology standard value; Calculating a temperature field distribution deviation value of the temperature field distribution characteristic value and the temperature field distribution standard value and a molten pool morphology deviation value of the molten pool morphology characteristic value and the molten pool morphology standard value; determining the adjustment quantity of the initial heat input parameter according to the temperature field distribution deviation value and the molten pool morphology deviation value; and adding the adjustment amount to the initial heat input parameter to obtain an adjusted heat input parameter.
  7. 7. The method for efficient additive manufacturing based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 6, wherein when determining the adjustment amount of the initial heat input parameter according to the temperature field distribution deviation value and the molten pool morphology deviation value, comprising: comparing the temperature field distribution deviation value with a temperature field distribution deviation threshold, comparing the molten pool morphology deviation value with a molten pool morphology deviation threshold, and determining the adjustment quantity according to a comparison result; When the temperature field distribution deviation value is greater than or equal to the temperature field distribution deviation threshold value and the molten pool morphology deviation value is greater than or equal to the molten pool morphology deviation threshold value, determining the adjustment amount as a first adjustment amount; when the temperature field distribution deviation value is greater than or equal to the temperature field distribution deviation threshold value and the molten pool morphology deviation value is smaller than the molten pool morphology deviation threshold value, determining the adjustment amount as a second adjustment amount; When the temperature field distribution deviation value is smaller than the temperature field distribution deviation threshold value and the molten pool morphology deviation value is larger than or equal to the molten pool morphology deviation threshold value, determining the adjustment amount as a third adjustment amount; and when the temperature field distribution deviation value is smaller than the temperature field distribution deviation threshold value and the molten pool morphology deviation value is smaller than the molten pool morphology deviation threshold value, determining the adjustment amount as a fourth adjustment amount.
  8. 8. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 7, wherein when judging whether to adjust the power parameter and the scanning speed parameter based on the surface temperature, comprising: Analyzing the surface temperature, and identifying whether abnormal points exist on the surface temperature; if the power parameter exists, judging to adjust the power parameter and the scanning speed parameter; otherwise, the power parameter and the scanning speed parameter are not adjusted.
  9. 9. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 8, wherein the steps of adjusting initial power parameters and scanning speed parameters of the high power laser head according to the surface temperature and penetration data, and obtaining adjusted power parameters and scanning speed parameters include: Collecting abnormal temperature values of abnormal points of each surface temperature, calculating the average value of all the abnormal temperature values, and recording the average value as an average abnormal temperature value; determining the ratio of the average abnormal temperature value to the temperature threshold value, and recording the ratio as the average abnormal temperature ratio; analyzing the penetration data to obtain a difference value between an actual penetration value and a target penetration value, and recording the difference value as a penetration deviation value; Determining an optimization coefficient of the initial power parameter according to the average abnormal temperature ratio; determining the correction proportion of the scanning speed parameter according to the penetration deviation value; Multiplying the initial power parameter by an optimization coefficient to obtain an adjusted power parameter; multiplying the scanning speed parameter by the correction proportion to obtain an adjusted scanning speed parameter.
  10. 10. The efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining cooperation according to claim 9, wherein when determining the optimization coefficient of the initial power parameter according to the average abnormal temperature ratio, comprising: comparing the average abnormal temperature ratio with a first average abnormal temperature ratio and a second average abnormal temperature ratio, and determining the optimization coefficient according to the comparison result, wherein the first average abnormal temperature ratio is smaller than the second average abnormal temperature ratio; When the average abnormal temperature ratio is smaller than or equal to the first average abnormal temperature ratio, determining the optimization coefficient as a first optimization coefficient; When the average abnormal temperature ratio is larger than the first average abnormal temperature ratio and smaller than or equal to the second average abnormal temperature ratio, determining the optimization coefficient as a second optimization coefficient; And when the average abnormal temperature ratio is larger than the second average abnormal temperature ratio, determining the optimization coefficient as a third optimization coefficient.

Description

Efficient additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of electric arc presetting and laser refining Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a high-efficiency additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of arc presetting and laser refining. Background At present, the additive manufacturing technology has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, medical treatment and the like by virtue of the advantages of no need of a die, high material utilization rate, shapable complex structure and the like. However, the conventional single heat source additive manufacturing method often faces the problem that efficiency and quality are difficult to be compatible. For example, arc additive manufacturing has the characteristics of high deposition efficiency and relatively low cost, but the surface roughness of a formed part is larger, defects such as air holes, unfused and the like are easy to generate in the formed part, and the stability of mechanical properties is poor, while laser additive manufacturing can realize higher forming precision and good surface quality, but is limited by laser spot size and energy density distribution, and the deposition efficiency is generally lower, so that the requirement of rapid manufacturing of large-sized components is difficult to meet. Therefore, how to effectively combine the advantages of different heat sources to realize the cooperative improvement of efficiency and quality in the additive manufacturing process becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field. In the prior art, although an additive manufacturing method for compounding an electric arc and laser is attempted, a plurality of defects still exist in aspects of simply superposing a heat source or primarily exploring an energy coupling mode, dynamically matching an electric arc preset molten pool with a laser refining process and realizing depth cooperative optimization of the electric arc preset molten pool and the laser refining process through real-time monitoring and feedback regulation so as to further improve the comprehensive performance and manufacturing stability of a formed part. Therefore, there is a need to design an efficient additive manufacturing method based on arc presetting and laser refining in conjunction to solve the problems in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides a high-efficiency additive manufacturing method based on the cooperation of arc presetting and laser refining, which aims to solve the problem of dynamic matching of an arc presetting molten pool and a laser refining process and realize the deep cooperation optimization of the arc presetting molten pool and the laser refining process by real-time monitoring and feedback regulation so as to improve the comprehensive performance and the manufacturing stability of a formed part. The invention provides a high-efficiency additive manufacturing method based on cooperation of arc presetting and laser refining, which comprises the following steps: Generating layering manufacturing data, an electric arc prefabrication forming path and a laser refining scanning path according to a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, and respectively installing an electric arc welding gun and a high-power laser head at the execution ends of a first robot and a second robot; Collecting material type and layered manufacturing data of the part to be manufactured, and determining initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun, initial power parameters of a high-power laser head and scanning speed parameters based on the material type and the layered manufacturing data; Starting the arc welding gun according to the initial heat input parameters, and performing electric arc preset cladding on the current layered region of the part to be manufactured according to the electric arc prefabrication forming path to form a preset cladding layer; Acquiring temperature field distribution data and molten pool form data of the preset cladding layer in real time, and adjusting initial heat input parameters of the arc welding gun based on the temperature field distribution data and the molten pool form data to obtain adjusted heat input parameters; After the preset cladding of the electric arc of the current layering region is completed by the adjusted heat input parameters, starting the high-power laser head by the initial power parameters and the scanning speed parameters and carrying out laser refining treatment on the preset cladding layer according to a laser refining scanning path; Acquiring surface temperature and penetration data of the preset cladding layer in real time, judging whether to adjust the power parameter and the scanning speed parameter based on the surface temperature, and if so, adjusting the initial power parameter and the scanning speed parameter of the high-power laser head acco