CN-121972680-A - Dual-wavelength laser efficient cladding method, obtained coating and application

CN121972680ACN 121972680 ACN121972680 ACN 121972680ACN-121972680-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-wavelength laser high-efficiency cladding method, an obtained coating and application, wherein the method adopts red wavelength laser and blue wavelength laser with complementary absorption characteristics, a composite action light spot with space and energy capable of being independently regulated and controlled is formed through a beam synthesis technology, the red laser is coaxially fed with powder and radiated along the direction vertical to a substrate so as to provide main body energy required by forming metallurgical bonding with a molten pool, the blue laser is synchronously incident at a paraxial angle of 10-60 degrees with the main optical axis of the red laser beam, the energy absorption of the high-reflection metal surface is enhanced through the wavelength characteristic of the blue laser, and the flow of the molten pool is regulated and controlled in a synergic manner with the red laser. The invention can improve the light absorptivity of the copper alloy surface, the powder utilization rate, the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix and the residual stress of the cladding layer by the coupling effect of the red-blue dual-wavelength laser.

Inventors

CUI HONGZHI
ZHAO HUI
MA YULIN
ZHAO FENG
DU NA
LIN XIYAN

Assignees

中国海洋大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260116

Claims (10)

1. A dual-wavelength laser high-efficiency cladding method is characterized in that, The method adopts red light laser and blue light laser to synchronously clad the high-reflection metal surface in a composite manner; Wherein, the wavelength of the red light laser is 750-1400 nm, and the wavelength of the blue light laser is 400-500 nm; And the red laser and the blue laser are synchronously irradiated to the same region of the matrix in a space separation configuration mode, so that a molten pool is regulated and controlled cooperatively by utilizing the absorption difference of dual wavelengths and the space distribution.
2. The method for high-efficiency cladding with dual-wavelength laser according to claim 1, wherein the red laser is coaxially fed and radiated along the direction vertical to the substrate to provide main body energy required by the formation of a molten pool and metallurgical bonding, the blue laser is synchronously incident at a paraxial angle of 10-60 degrees with the main optical axis of the red laser, the energy absorption of the high-reflection metal surface is enhanced through the wavelength characteristic of the blue laser, and the flow of the molten pool is regulated and controlled in cooperation with the red laser.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plane defined by the principal optical axis of the red laser and the principal optical axis of the blue laser is an incident plane, and the incident plane is substantially parallel to the scanning direction of the synchronous composite cladding.
4. The method for high-efficiency cladding of dual-wavelength laser as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power of the red laser is 1-3kW, the diameter of a light spot is 0.2-2mm, the power of the blue laser is 0.5-2kW, the scanning speed of cladding is 5-20mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 5-20g/min, and the defocus amount of the composite energy field focus of the red laser and the blue laser relative to the surface of the substrate is 10-25 mm.
5. The dual wavelength laser cladding method of claim 1, wherein said highly reflective metal is a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the raw alloy powder for cladding comprises an alloy powder and a ceramic reinforcing phase powder, wherein the alloy is at least one of a Ni-based alloy, a Cu-based alloy and a W-based alloy, and the ceramic reinforcing phase powder is at least one of SiC, tiC, tiB 2 、ZrC、Cr 3 C 2 、HfC、CeO 2 and La 2 O 3 .
7. The dual-wavelength laser high-efficiency cladding method of claim 6, wherein the Ni-based alloy is Ni-Cr, the content of which is 1-2% of Si, 10-20% of Cr, 0.2-0.5% of Fe and the balance of Ni in percentage by weight, the Cu-based alloy is CuCrZr, the Cu-based alloy is 0.4-1% of Cr, 0.2-0.6% of Zr and the balance of Cu, the W-based alloy is W-Cu, wherein the mass fraction of Cu is 10-40% and the balance of W.
8. A coating prepared by the dual wavelength laser high efficiency cladding method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the coating is an alloy-based composite coating comprising an alloy matrix and ceramic reinforcing phase particles uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix.
9. Use of the coating of claim 8 in components subjected to extreme service environments of mechanical wear, arc ablation, high temperature oxidation and high voltage impact multi-field coupling.
10. The coating application of claim 9, wherein the component is a high speed rail transit pantograph slide, a high-end electrical equipment electrical contact component, or an energy domain high speed motion component.

Description

Dual-wavelength laser efficient cladding method, obtained coating and application Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing and surface engineering, in particular to a forming method for preparing a high-performance coating by utilizing the synergistic effect of red light and blue light dual-wavelength lasers on the surfaces of metals with high reflectivity such as copper, aluminum and the like. The method can be widely applied to repair and reinforcement of high-wear-resistance, corrosion-resistance and high-temperature-resistance parts in the fields of aerospace, energy equipment, rail transit and the like. Background In the field of advanced equipment such as ocean engineering, aerospace, national defense and the like, copper alloy and the like are widely applied to key parts such as high-performance heat exchange systems of ships, combustion chamber bushings of spacecraft propulsion parts, heat dissipation substrates of various high-power electronic devices and the like due to excellent heat conduction, electric conduction and corrosion resistance. With the expansion of the equipment to deep sea high pressure and deep space extreme environments, unprecedented severe requirements on the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance of the surfaces of the copper alloy parts are put forward. However, copper alloy has low hardness and poor wear resistance, and is easy to be a weak link of system reliability under extreme working conditions, and performance improvement through surface strengthening is needed. In order to realize the surface strengthening of the high-reflection metal, the laser cladding technology is paid attention to because of the advantages of controllable process, high bonding strength and the like. However, the traditionally widely used red lasers present challenges in processing such materials in that the materials have very low laser energy absorptivity in the infrared band, most of the energy is reflected, resulting in low heat input efficiency, unstable melt pool, poor metallurgical bonding of the coating to the substrate, and susceptibility to thermal damage to the substrate due to energy buildup. In order to improve the energy coupling efficiency, the prior art mainly develops along two directions, namely, a short-wavelength laser is adopted, such as a blue laser with the wavelength of 500 nm is proposed to melt copper alloy, the melting effect and the powder melting effect are improved by utilizing the characteristic of higher absorptivity of the blue laser on the copper surface, but the blue laser is limited by generally lower power, the problems of insufficient heat input and narrow process window exist when a large penetration or thick coating is required to be prepared, and a composite laser technology is adopted, such as a laser melting method for coaxially compounding infrared and blue light is disclosed in the patent with the publication No. CN118814156A, and a coating with higher bonding strength is prepared on the copper alloy by a strategy of improving absorption and providing main energy by blue light. However, the coaxial combination mode makes the double light beams highly overlapped in space, so that the heat input of a molten pool area is too concentrated, the risk of overheating of a substrate and expansion of a heat affected zone is increased, the double light beams are strictly coaxial, and the process adjustment flexibility is relatively limited when dealing with a complex curved surface structure. Therefore, a novel laser cladding method is urgently needed to be developed, the power and the space configuration of red and blue lasers can be independently regulated through the synergistic effect of specific dual-wavelength lasers, the energy absorption process of different materials is actively adapted and optimized, the fine control on the thermodynamics and the dynamics behavior of a molten pool is realized, the coating which is uniform in component, compact in structure and excellent in performance and is in ideal metallurgical combination with a substrate is stably prepared, and the application range of a laser cladding technology in the preparation of difficult-to-process materials, high-reflection materials and high-performance composite coatings is widened. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems that the existing laser cladding technology has low energy coupling efficiency, difficult molten pool control, difficult cooperative improvement of the comprehensive performance of the coating and the like when processing high-reflection metals such as copper and the like, the invention provides the dual-wavelength laser efficient cladding method with high energy utilization rate, controllable process and strong adaptability and the coating obtained by the method. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical