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CN-121972691-A - Lathe, tool setting method and machining method for piston rod

CN121972691ACN 121972691 ACN121972691 ACN 121972691ACN-121972691-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and particularly discloses a lathe, a tool setting method and a machining method for a piston rod, wherein a spindle box and a tailstock are used for maintaining the pose of a workpiece to be machined and driving the workpiece to be machined to rotate around a shaft; the three-cutter-holder cutter row is detachably arranged on one cutter position of the cutter tower, the three-cutter-holder cutter row is positioned on one radial side of the rotating axis of the cutter tower, the three-cutter-holder cutter row is T-shaped, one end of the length direction of the three-cutter-holder cutter row is provided with a first cutter, the other end of the three-cutter-holder cutter row is provided with a third cutter, the middle part of the three-cutter-holder cutter row is provided with a second cutter, the cutter head direction of the first cutter is opposite to the cutter head direction of the third cutter, and the cutter head direction of the second cutter is perpendicular to the cutter head direction of the first cutter. The problem that the machining range of the tool apron along the Z direction is limited is solved.

Inventors

  • JI YUCHUN
  • Ji Yubing
  • FAN HONGJIAN

Assignees

  • 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260330

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A lathe, comprising: the machine body comprises a main shaft box (11) and a tailstock (12) which are arranged at intervals along the Z direction, and is used for maintaining the pose of a to-be-machined piece (100) and driving the to-be-machined piece (100) to rotate around a shaft; The tool turret assembly comprises a sliding table (21) and a tool turret (22), wherein the sliding table (21) is positioned between the main spindle box (11) and the tailstock (12), the sliding table (21) can move along the Z direction relative to the machine body, the tool turret (22) can move along the X direction relative to the machine body, and the tool turret (22) is rotatably installed on the sliding table (21); The cutter assembly comprises a three-cutter-holder cutter row (31), a first cutter (33), a second cutter (34) and a third cutter (35), wherein the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31) is detachably arranged on one cutter position of the cutter tower (22), the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31) is positioned on one radial side of the rotation axis of the cutter tower (22), the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31) is in a T shape, the first cutter (33) is arranged at one end of the length direction of the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31), the third cutter (35) is arranged at the other end of the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31), the second cutter (34) is arranged in the middle of the three-cutter-holder cutter row (31), the cutter head direction of the first cutter (33) is opposite to the cutter head direction of the third cutter (35), and the cutter head direction of the second cutter (34) is perpendicular to the cutter head direction of the first cutter (33).
  2. 2. The lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-holder knife row (31) comprises a first connector (311), a first knife holder (312), a second knife holder (313) and a third knife holder (314), wherein the first connector (311) is in a straight shape, the first connector (311) is mounted on the knife tower (22), the first knife holder (312) and the third knife holder (314) are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the first connector (311), and the second knife holder (313) is arranged in the middle of the first connector (311); the first tool (33) is mounted to the first holder (312), the second tool (34) is mounted to the second holder (313), and the third tool (35) is mounted to the third holder (314).
  3. 3. The lathe according to claim 2, wherein the first tool holder (312) comprises a plurality of first tool holders (312 a), the plurality of first tool holders (312 a) being arranged in sequence along a width direction of the first connecting body (311), the first tool (33) being alternatively attachable to the first tool holders (312 a); And/or, the third tool holder (314) includes a plurality of second tool holders (313 a), the plurality of second tool holders (313 a) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the first connecting body (311), and the second tool (34) can be alternatively installed on the second tool holders (313 a); and/or, the second tool holder (313) comprises a plurality of third tool holders (314 a), the plurality of third tool holders (314 a) are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first connecting body (311), and the third tool (35) can be alternatively arranged on the third tool holders (314 a).
  4. 4. The lathe of claim 1, wherein the tool assembly further comprises a single tool holder row (32) and a fourth tool (36), the single tool holder row (32) comprises a second connector (321) and a fourth tool holder (322), the second connector (321) is in a straight shape, the fourth tool holder (322) is mounted at one end of the second connector (321) in the length direction, the second connector (321) is mounted at other tool positions of the turret (22), the fourth tool (36) is mounted at the fourth tool holder (322), and the tool bit orientation of the fourth tool (36) is opposite to the tool bit orientation of the second tool (34).
  5. 5. The lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that the fourth tool holder (322) comprises a plurality of fourth tool holders (322 a), the plurality of fourth tool holders (322 a) being arranged in sequence along the width direction of the second connecting body (321), the fourth tool (36) being alternatively mountable to the fourth tool holders (322 a).
  6. 6. The lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine body further comprises a driving member, a claw (13) and a thimble (14), the claw (13) and the driving member are both mounted on the headstock (11), the claw (13) is used for fixing one axial end of the workpiece (100) to be machined, the driving member is used for driving the claw (13) to rotate around an axis, the thimble (14) is mounted on the tailstock (12), and the thimble (14) is used for being inserted into the other axial end of the workpiece (100) to be machined.
  7. 7. A tool setting method, adapted for use with the lathe of claim 4, comprising: s1, acquiring physical characteristics of the first cutter (33), the second cutter (34), the third cutter (35) and the fourth cutter (36); S2, taking the first cutter (33) as a reference cutter, and lightly turning the to-be-machined piece (100) by using the reference cutter to establish a working coordinate system; s3, rotating the tool turret (22), lightly turning the workpiece (100) to be machined by using the second tool (34), obtaining the Z-direction and X-direction difference values of the second tool (34) and the reference tool in a machine tool coordinate system, namely a first Z-direction tool complement and a first X-direction tool complement, and respectively recording the first Z-direction tool complement and the first X-direction tool complement into a tool compensation table; S4, rotating the tool turret (22), lightly turning the workpiece (100) to be machined by using the third tool (35), obtaining the Z-direction and X-direction difference values of the third tool (35) and the reference tool in the machine tool coordinate system, namely a second Z-direction tool compensation and a second X-direction tool compensation, and respectively inputting the second Z-direction tool compensation and the second X-direction tool compensation into the tool compensation table; S5, rotating the tool turret (22), lightly turning the workpiece (100) to be machined by using the fourth tool (36), obtaining the difference value between the fourth tool (36) and the reference tool in the Z-direction and the X-direction machine tool coordinate systems, namely a third Z-direction tool complement and a third X-direction tool complement, and respectively recording the third Z-direction tool complement and the third X-direction tool complement into a tool compensation table.
  8. 8. The tool setting method according to claim 7, wherein the step S2 includes: s21, lightly turning a first machining surface of the to-be-machined piece (100) by using the reference cutter, wherein the first machining surface is parallel to the X direction, and determining the coordinate of the reference cutter in the Z direction; S22, lightly turning an outer circle of the to-be-machined workpiece (100) by using the reference cutter, after finishing operation, keeping the pose of the reference cutter and the to-be-machined workpiece (100) unchanged, measuring the diameter of the outer circle, and determining the coordinate of the reference cutter in the X direction; s23, according to the coordinate of the reference tool in the Z direction and the coordinate of the reference tool in the X direction, a zero point coordinate of the working coordinate system can be obtained.
  9. 9. A method for machining a piston rod, which is applied to the lathe of claim 4, comprising: the first cutter (33) and the third cutter (35) are both a positive cutter and have a main deflection angle m, the second cutter (34) is a positive cutter and has a main deflection angle n, n is not equal to m, and the fourth cutter (36) is a negative cutter and has a main deflection angle m; the method comprises the following steps: S61, roughly turning a flat end inner gear opening plane (101) of the piston rod by using the second cutter (34); S62, rotating the turret (22), and roughly turning a round end inner gear opening plane (102) of the piston rod by using the first cutter (33); S63, rotating the turret (22), and machining a cutter lifting groove (103) of the piston rod by using a fourth cutter (36).
  10. 10. The method of processing a piston rod of claim 9, further comprising: S71, rotating the turret (22), and roughly turning the outer circle of the main rod body (105) and the flat end conical surface (104) by using the second cutter (34); S72, rotating the turret (22), roughly turning a first machining area (111) by using the first cutter (33), wherein the first machining area (111) comprises a round end rod body and a round end circular arc, changing a blade of the first cutter (33) to perform tool setting, and then semifinely turning a third machining area (113) by using the changed first cutter (33), and the third machining area (113) comprises the round end rod body, the round end circular arc and the round end inner open gear plane (102); S73, rotating the turret (22), changing the blade of the second cutter (34) for tool setting, and then semi-finish turning a second machining area (112) by using the changed second cutter (34), wherein the second machining area (112) comprises a flat end rod body, the flat end conical surface (104) and the flat end inner gear opening plane (101); s74, rotating the turret (22), roughly turning a round end step round end face (109) by using the fourth cutter (36), roughly turning a round end step round outline (108), and finely turning a round end step round outline (110).

Description

Lathe, tool setting method and machining method for piston rod Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a lathe, a tool setting method and a machining method for a piston rod. Background The piston rod is one of the important moving parts of the low-speed high-power marine diesel engine, and has the advantages of long length, relatively complex appearance of heavy weight (3-4 tons), and large whole barbell, two ends and small middle. The existing machine tool is a double-guide rail four-cutter-position numerical control lathe, a Siemens 840Dpl system, a sliding table and a tailstock share a guide rail, and the sliding table cannot pass through the tailstock, so that 4 cutter positions of the original cutter tower cannot meet the machining requirement. Therefore, when the piston rod is used for machining the appearance, an operator needs to frequently disassemble and assemble the cutter row and the cutter, and zero position is reset in each working step. The method for machining the piston rod has the following defects and defects that an operator frequently disassembles the cutter row and the cutter, potential safety hazard exists, labor intensity is high, production efficiency is low, zero is reset in each working step, errors are easy to occur, quality problems are caused, and automatic machining cannot be realized. For this reason, a lathe, a tool setting method, and a machining method for a piston rod are needed to solve the above problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a lathe, a tool setting method and a processing method for a piston rod, so as to solve the problem that the processing range of a tool apron along the Z direction is limited, reduce the frequency of changing tools by operators and further improve the production efficiency. In one aspect, the present invention provides a lathe comprising: the machine body comprises a main shaft box and a tailstock which are arranged at intervals along the Z direction and used for maintaining the pose of a workpiece to be machined and driving the workpiece to be machined to rotate around an axis; The tool turret assembly comprises a sliding table and a tool turret, the sliding table is positioned between the spindle box and the tailstock, the sliding table can move relative to the machine body along the Z direction, the tool turret can move relative to the machine body along the X direction, and the tool turret is rotatably arranged on the sliding table; The cutter assembly comprises three cutter holder cutter rows, a first cutter, a second cutter and a third cutter, wherein the three cutter holder cutter rows are detachably arranged on one cutter position of the cutter tower, the three cutter holder cutter rows are positioned on one radial side of the rotating axis of the cutter tower, the three cutter holder cutter rows are T-shaped, the first cutter is arranged at one end of the length direction of the three cutter holder cutter rows, the third cutter is arranged at the other end of the length direction of the three cutter holder cutter rows, the second cutter is arranged in the middle of the three cutter holder cutter rows, the cutter head of the first cutter faces back to the cutter head of the third cutter, and the cutter head of the second cutter faces to be perpendicular to the cutter head of the first cutter. As a preferable mode of the lathe, the three-holder tool bar includes a first connector, a first holder, a second holder, and a third holder, the first connector is in a straight shape, the first connector is mounted on the turret, the first holder and the third holder are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the first connector, and the second holder is arranged in the middle of the first connector; The first tool is attached to the first holder, the second tool is attached to the second holder, and the third tool is attached to the third holder. As a preferable mode of the lathe, the first tool holder includes a plurality of first tool holders, the plurality of first tool holders are sequentially arranged along a width direction of the first connecting body, and the first tool can be selectively mounted on the first tool holders; and/or the third tool holder comprises a plurality of second tool holders, the second tool holders are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the first connecting body, and the second tool can be alternatively arranged on the second tool holders; And/or the second tool holder comprises a plurality of third tool holders, the third tool holders are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the first connecting body, and the third tool can be alternatively arranged on the third tool holders. As a preferable mode of the lathe, the tool assembly further includes a single-tool holder row and a fourth tool, the single-tool holder row includes a second connector and a fourth tool holder, the second connector