CN-121972801-A - Knife-shear integrated laser processing system and method

CN121972801ACN 121972801 ACN121972801 ACN 121972801ACN-121972801-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a knife-shear integrated laser processing system and a method, which belong to the field of laser processing and comprise a control unit, a laser output mechanism, an information sensing mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism, wherein the control unit is used for executing the cooperation of cleaning, welding, hardening and cutting procedures through program control and automatically adjusting processing parameters according to sensing feedback, the laser output mechanism is used for generating a laser beam according to instructions of the control unit and rapidly deflecting and accurately positioning the laser beam through a laser scanning vibrating mirror so as to finish the processing of each procedure, the information sensing mechanism is used for collecting plasma spectrum and laser penetration images in the processing process and feeding back spectrum signals and penetration states to the control unit, and the auxiliary mechanism is used for clamping workpieces and providing inert protective gas and compressed air.

Inventors

CAI DETAO
ZHAO CHONGJUN
LUO ZIYI
WU XIANGCAI
LI ZHENLONG

Assignees

广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260226

Claims (10)

1. A knife and shear integrated laser processing system, comprising: the control unit is used for executing the cooperation of the cleaning, welding, hardening and cutting procedures through program control and automatically adjusting the processing parameters according to the sensing feedback; the laser output mechanism is used for generating a laser beam according to the instruction of the control unit, and rapidly deflecting and accurately positioning the laser beam through the laser scanning galvanometer so as to finish the processing of each procedure; The information sensing mechanism is used for collecting plasma spectrum and laser penetration images in the processing process and feeding back spectrum signals and penetration states to the control unit; And the auxiliary mechanism is used for clamping the workpiece and providing inert shielding gas and compressed air.
2. The integrated knife and shear laser processing system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises: The cleaning control module is used for automatically calculating and adjusting the laser cleaning power according to the comparison result of the characteristic spectrum information acquired by the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology and the spectrum characteristics of the matrix; the welding control module is used for automatically calculating and adjusting the laser welding power according to the comparison result of the penetration state and the moderate penetration state of the pinhole image recognition; The hardening control module is used for automatically calculating and adjusting the laser defocusing amount according to the comparison result of the penetration state and the just penetration state of the pinhole image recognition, and the laser power used for hardening is consistent with the welding power; and the cutting control module is used for automatically calculating and adjusting the laser cutting power according to the comparison result of the penetration state and the overpenetration state of the pinhole image recognition.
3. The integrated knife and shear laser processing system of claim 1, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises: A laser for generating laser light; The optical fiber is used for transmitting laser generated by the laser; The laser scanning galvanometer is connected with the optical fiber and is used for receiving the laser beam and realizing rapid deflection and accurate positioning of the laser beam; And the coaxial dichroic mirror is arranged on the laser scanning galvanometer and is used for collecting plasma spectrum and laser penetration images generated in the processing process.
4. The integrated knife and scissors laser processing system according to claim 3, wherein the focal length of the laser scanning galvanometer is greater than 300 mm.
5. The integrated knife and scissors laser processing system according to claim 3, wherein said auxiliary mechanism comprises: the motion mechanism is used for bearing and moving the workpiece to the laser processing area; the gas auxiliary mechanism comprises a gas source for providing inert shielding gas and a gas source for providing compressed air; The electromagnetic valve is arranged at the air source outlet and used for controlling the switching of the air passage; And the pressure sensor is arranged at the gas source outlet and is used for monitoring the gas pressure.
6. The integrated knife and scissors laser processing system according to claim 5, wherein the electromagnetic valve and the pressure sensor are connected with a control unit, and the control unit controls gas switching according to the procedure switching instruction.
7. The integrated knife and shear laser processing system of claim 1, wherein the cleaning and hardening processes performed by the laser output mechanism are pulsed laser mode and the welding and cutting processes are continuous laser mode.
8. The integrated knife and shear laser processing system of claim 1, wherein the welding and hardening processes performed by the laser output mechanism employ laser wobble scanning of a spiral track; The swing amplitude of the spiral track is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.
9. The method of a knife and shear integrated laser machining system of claim 1, comprising the steps of: the utility model provides a sword cuts integration laser processing system, the system includes control unit, laser output mechanism, information perception mechanism and auxiliary mechanism; Fixing a workpiece to be processed on a clamp of the auxiliary mechanism; the laser output mechanism is used for carrying out laser cleaning on the surface of the workpiece by adopting a laser beam according to the instruction of the control unit; under the inert protective gas environment, laser swing scanning is adopted to carry out laser welding on the cleaned workpiece area through the laser output mechanism; Laser swing scanning is adopted to carry out laser remelting hardening on a specific area of the workpiece through the laser output mechanism; Under the assistance of compressed air, the laser output mechanism is used for carrying out laser cutting on the workpiece along a preset path by adopting a laser beam; The laser cleaning, laser welding, laser remelting hardening and laser cutting processes are controlled by the control unit in a cooperative mode, and laser processing parameters of the processes are automatically adjusted based on the spectral signals and the penetration state images fed back by the information sensing mechanism.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the expression for automatically adjusting the laser processing parameters of each process is: ; ; ; ; ; wherein f is frequency, v is scanning speed, A is swing amplitude, d is pitch of spiral line, t is time, x 0 、y 0 is origin coordinate, r 0 is spot radius, x is position variable in x direction, y is position variable in b direction, For the energy utilization rate of the laser light, As a function of the dynamic x-position of the laser over time, As a function of the dynamic y-position of the laser over time, For the total energy input at a spatial point (x, y), T is the upper temporal limit of the energy integration.

Description

Knife-shear integrated laser processing system and method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a knife-shear integrated laser processing system and method. Background Along with the upgrade of the manufacturing industry to the high-efficiency, precise and green directions, the defects of large heat input, difficult deformation control, long post-welding treatment chain and the like of the traditional arc welding, resistance welding and other processes in the processing of the high-end plate material are gradually exposed. Especially in occasions such as automobile light weight, power battery shell, aerospace thin wall structure, etc., the welding seam quality, dimensional accuracy and follow-up surface treatment requirement are extremely high, the conventional multi-equipment and multi-working mode of "cleaning before welding-reshaping again-machining/polishing last" has difficulty in considering beat and yield, patent document CN113560727A proposes to realize three functions of cleaning/welding/cutting by adjusting power density in the same handheld head, and the scheme is limited to close-range manual operation and cannot be applied to an automatic intelligent production line without mention of hardening steps. The patent document CN112846552a proposes a laser cutting and welding integrated knife and scissors manufacturing device, which is an integrated device, and the device is actually a flow production line, and a welding machine head and a cutting machine head are installed for adapting to welding and cutting, so that the device is complicated. Because the vibrating mirror scanning type laser system deflects laser beams through the two-axis or three-axis high-speed reflecting mirror, the precise filling of complex tracks can be realized in millisecond level, and a hardware foundation is provided for 'welding and surface treatment' integration. In the published literature, the use of galvanometer lasers for swing welding has been reported to expand the width of fusion, stabilize the small holes, reduce air hole cracks and significantly improve the adaptability of the butt joint gap through circular, spiral or 8-shaped scanning paths. While hardening a workpiece using a laser, patent document CN101109034a discloses a laser quench hardening technique for improving the hardness of a railway surface, using a CO2 laser and converting a circular spot of the laser into a rectangular spot using a broadband integrator mirror. The converted light spot is used for scanning the metal surface, so that the surface is heated and cooled rapidly, and a surface hardening layer is formed. Patent document CN105177274 discloses a laser hardening process, which adopts a YAG laser, increases the spot diameter by increasing the defocus amount, and reaches a hardening depth of up to 1.1mm, and the method can not increase the machining area without increasing the defocus amount although increasing the machining area by changing the defocus amount, and can only be applied to small-sized workpieces, and the hardening depth is shallower, and cannot be well applied to workpieces with slightly larger thickness. Aiming at the characteristics of thin plate, high hardness requirement, sensitive cutting edge precision and the like of the knife-scissors, a short flow of cleaning, welding, hardening and cutting is designed, and the heat accumulation deformation of the thin plate is reduced. Therefore, the cutter-shear integrated laser processing system and method not only reduce the number of equipment and workpiece carrying, but also ensure the weld performance and the dimensional accuracy through parameter closed-loop control, and become an urgent need in the field of high-end plate processing. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a knife-shear integrated laser processing system and a method thereof, which are used for solving the problems existing in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a knife-shear integrated laser processing system and method, comprising: the control unit is used for executing the cooperation of the cleaning, welding, hardening and cutting procedures through program control and automatically adjusting the processing parameters according to the sensing feedback; the laser output mechanism is used for generating a laser beam according to the instruction of the control unit, and rapidly deflecting and accurately positioning the laser beam through the laser scanning galvanometer so as to finish the processing of each procedure; The information sensing mechanism is used for collecting plasma spectrum and laser penetration images in the processing process and feeding back spectrum signals and penetration states to the control unit; And the auxiliary mechanism is used for clamping the workpiece and providing inert shielding gas and compressed air. Option