CN-121972812-A - Aluminum-based composite material manufacturing device and method based on filament powder composite laser material increase

CN121972812ACN 121972812 ACN121972812 ACN 121972812ACN-121972812-A

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for manufacturing an aluminum-based composite material based on filament powder composite laser material increase. The powder spreading system spreads the reinforced powder layer by layer, the wire feeding system feeds the aluminum matrix wire, and the moving mechanism synchronously drives the laser system and the wire feeding system to move. The control system regulates and controls the powder spreading thickness according to the descending amount to realize the layer-by-layer independent control of the reinforcing material supply amount, controls the laser system to form an initial deposition layer on the surface of the powder layer by using a first power fuse wire, remelts by using a second power to realize the combination with the lower layer metallurgy and the rolling of the reinforcing material into a molten pool for mixing, calculates the descending amount and the powder falling amount of the lower layer according to on-line monitoring data, and forms closed loop circulation molding. The invention solves the problems of uncontrolled volume fraction, overheat of the reinforcing material, low material utilization rate and difficult variable component forming, and realizes high-precision, high-efficiency and low-cost integrated forming.

Inventors

QI CHAOQI
SUN AIDONG
YU YIFAN
JIN JING
CHEN FEIFEI
ZHAO KAI
TANG ZIJUE

Assignees

上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (10)

1. An aluminum-based composite material manufacturing device based on filament powder composite laser material increase, which is characterized by comprising: a laser system for generating and outputting a laser beam; the powder spreading system is used for spreading the reinforcing material powder layer by layer in the forming area to form a powder layer; The wire feeding system is used for continuously feeding aluminum matrix wires into the laser action area; The motion mechanism is respectively connected with the laser system and the wire feeding system in a driving way and is used for bearing and driving the laser system and the wire feeding system to synchronously move according to a preset track; The control system is respectively in communication connection with the powder spreading system, the wire feeding system, the movement mechanism and the laser system and is used for controlling the technological parameters and executing closed-loop feedback adjustment; the closed loop feedback regulation comprises the steps of obtaining the morphology information of a current deposition layer, and determining the descending amount and the powder falling amount of a next layer according to the morphology information so as to control the layer-by-layer supply amount of reinforcing material powder; The wire output end of the wire feeding system is fixed with the laser output end of the laser system in a space position relatively, so that the tail end of the wire is fed into a laser beam irradiation area and a molten pool is formed; After the powder layer is built by the powder paving system, the moving mechanism drives the laser system and the wire feeding system to perform cladding deposition above the powder layer.
2. The filament powder composite laser additive based aluminum matrix composite manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein: the laser system comprises a laser head (102), the wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding nozzle (303), and the laser head (102) is fixedly connected with the wire feeding nozzle (303) to ensure that the relative position of the optical wire is stable; the motion mechanism (4) moves along the X direction and the Y direction, and the laser head (102), the wire drawing mechanism (302) and the laser scanner (401) move along with the motion mechanism (4) according to a preset track in the printing process; The normal included angle between the laser (104) emitted by the laser head (102) and the substrate (209) is 3-7 degrees, so that aluminum vapor is prevented from polluting the laser head (102).
3. The filament powder composite laser additive based aluminum matrix composite manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the powder spreading system comprises: a powder dropping device (207) for quantitatively releasing the reinforcing material powder; a first scraper (205) for initially spreading the powder to a powder bed (203); the second scraping plate (206) is used for finishing the powder layer to ensure that the powder spreading thickness is uniform and the surface is flat; a powder collection box (204) for collecting scraped off surplus powder; and the lifting table (202) is used for placing and fixing the substrate (209) and descending layer by layer along the Z direction in the forming process.
4. The filament powder composite laser additive based aluminum matrix composite manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control system comprises: the laser scanner (401) is fixedly connected with the movement mechanism (4) and is used for scanning the surface of the deposition layer and acquiring height information and position information; An online data processor (402) for receiving the scan data and processing to obtain a maximum height of the current deposited layer and a volume of the deposited layer; And the closed-loop control processor (403) is used for calculating the descending amount of the lifting platform according to the maximum height, calculating the powder falling amount of the next layer closed loop according to the volume of the deposited layer and respectively sending instructions to the lifting platform (202) and the powder falling device (207).
5. The manufacturing method of the aluminum-based composite material based on the filament powder composite laser additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of: fixing an aluminum alloy substrate, loading the dried reinforcing material powder and aluminum alloy wires, and filling protective gas into the cabin; the parameter preparation step comprises the steps of determining laser power, spot size, scanning speed, laser-wire-substrate included angle, initial descent quantity, initial powder falling quantity and wire feeding speed according to thermophysical parameters of a matrix and a reinforcing material; powder spreading, namely, powder falling according to the initial powder falling amount or closed loop powder falling amount by a powder falling device, and sequentially moving a first scraping plate and a second scraping plate to finish powder spreading and finishing; Melting wires by using a first preset power laser to form an initial deposition layer on the surface of a powder layer, remelting the initial deposition layer by using a second preset power laser to realize metallurgical bonding with a lower substrate and mixing of reinforcing materials; Scanning the current deposition layer by a laser scanner to obtain the maximum height and the volume of the deposition layer; a closed-loop control step of calculating the descending amount according to the maximum height and instructing the lifting platform to execute, calculating the closed-loop powder falling amount according to the volume of the sediment layer and instructing the powder falling device to execute; and (3) repeating the steps of powder spreading, additive manufacturing, online monitoring and closed-loop control until the molding is finished.
6. The method for manufacturing the aluminum-based composite material based on the filament powder composite laser additive according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the initial descent quantity in the parameter preparation step is a fixed value when the volume fraction forming part is added with materials, and is set as a variable according to a preset layering strategy when the volume fraction product is added with materials; The powder falling device in the powder spreading step preferentially adopts the closed-loop powder falling amount input by the closed-loop control processor, and when the closed-loop powder falling amount is not input, the initial powder falling amount set in the parameter preparation stage is adopted.
7. The method for manufacturing the aluminum-based composite material based on the filament powder composite laser additive according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: In the additive manufacturing step, the first preset power is in a low power mode, and the formed initial deposition layer only spreads on the surface of the powder bed and does not realize complete metallurgical bonding with the previous deposition layer; The second preset power is in a high power mode, the current final deposition layer and the previous final deposition layer are completely metallurgically bonded through remelting, and the aluminum matrix and the reinforcing material are promoted to be fully mixed in a molten pool.
8. The method of manufacturing an aluminum-based composite material based on a filament powder composite laser additive according to claim 5, wherein the amount of drop in the closed-loop control step is calculated as: drop = maximum height + initial drop.
9. The method for manufacturing an aluminum-based composite material based on a filament powder composite laser additive according to claim 5, wherein the closed-loop powder falling amount in the closed-loop control step is calculated according to the following formula: Closed loop powder fall = k x reinforcement density x (powder bed area x fall-deposit volume), where k is the empirical compensation factor.
10. The method for manufacturing the aluminum-based composite material based on the filament powder composite laser additive, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that the matrix material is an aluminum alloy filament with a diameter of 0.3-1.0 mm, the reinforcing material is ceramic powder, and the particle size is 30-50 μm.

Description

Aluminum-based composite material manufacturing device and method based on filament powder composite laser material increase Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material manufacturing device and method based on filament powder composite laser additive. Background The engineering application fields such as aerospace and the like put forward strict comprehensive requirements on material properties, and the traditional single-property material has difficulty in meeting the application requirements under complex engineering. In this context, composite materials having excellent combination of properties are an important direction of material science research. The aluminum-based composite material not only maintains the excellent body performance of an aluminum matrix, but also additionally integrates the special performance of the reinforcing material, thereby being an ideal choice of light-weight high-strength materials. However, the physical properties of the aluminum matrix and the reinforcing material are greatly different, and the aluminum matrix and the reinforcing material have multiple pores and uncontrollable brittle phases in the fusing process, so that the aluminum matrix and the reinforcing material are typical difficult to process. The traditional preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material with stirring casting, forging and machining has the problems of low efficiency, low material utilization rate and poor processing flexibility, and an integrated forming technology needs to be developed. The additive manufacturing technology can rapidly realize the integrated, complicated and large-scale forming of the aluminum-based composite material component by a layer-by-layer stacking method of discrete materials from bottom to top according to the imported data parameters, thereby greatly saving the cost of raw materials and shortening the processing period. In the Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN111468723B, a metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method based on a multi-powder feeding mechanism is disclosed, and the preparation of metal matrix composites with different volume fractions is realized by changing the powder feeding rate, but powder is difficult to uniformly mix under the method, and the utilization rate of the powder feeding additive manufacturing material is lower. In chinese patent publication No. CN120984903B, a method for manufacturing additive of metal matrix composite based on prefabricated composite powder is disclosed, and uniformity of composite powder is improved by ball milling treatment, but there is still a phenomenon of non-uniform mixing. In the Chinese patent document with publication number of CN114043091B, a laser additive manufacturing device with coaxial feeding of wire powder is disclosed, in the Chinese patent document with publication number of CN119426757A, a method for manufacturing functionally gradient composite material by wire powder composite arc additive is disclosed, the problem of low material utilization rate caused by unrecoverable wire powder simultaneous feeding is still existed, the wire powder simultaneous feeding is related to wire powder coupling, the melting proportion of wire powder in a molten pool is difficult to ensure, the volume fraction is not controlled, in the Chinese patent document with publication number of CN115555583B, a device and a method for manufacturing solid-phase additive of wire material of a metal-based composite material powder core are proposed, but the rigidity of wire material of an aluminum-based powder core is extremely low, and the loss of a solid-phase additive stirring head is serious, in the Chinese patent document with publication number of CN118848438A, a method for manufacturing additive of particle reinforced metal-based composite material is disclosed, a metal matrix is fused by using an electric arc, then a layer of particle reinforced material is fused, and finally a layer of metal matrix is fused by using a remelting layer of metal matrix, but the particle reinforced material is directly reduced in the method, and the effect of heating is greatly reduced by electric arc. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for manufacturing an aluminum-based composite material based on filament powder composite laser additive. According to the invention, the aluminum-based composite material manufacturing device based on the filament powder composite laser additive comprises: a laser system for generating and outputting a laser beam; the powder spreading system is used for spreading the reinforcing material powder layer by layer in the forming area to form a powder layer; The wire feeding system is used for continuously feeding aluminum matrix wires into the laser action area; The motion mechanism i