CN-121972866-A - 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair

CN121972866ACN 121972866 ACN121972866 ACN 121972866ACN-121972866-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mould material increase repair, in particular to a 3D printing welding path planning method for mould repair, which comprises the steps of obtaining point cloud data of a mould to be detected and converting the point cloud data into a corresponding three-dimensional characteristic model; judging whether a mold defect exists or not, determining local heat dissipation properties corresponding to each defect area when the mold defect exists, determining an internal spiral welding path in each mold defect, selecting a corresponding continuous welding group, acquiring an external continuous welding path of the continuous welding group, and determining a discrete processing mode when the external continuous welding path is obtained and the internal spiral welding path is required to be subjected to discrete processing. According to the invention, the path discrete mode is adaptively adjusted according to the heat dissipation state and the technological parameters, so that the heat accumulation and the stress distribution are effectively controlled, the forming precision and the forming efficiency of welding repair are improved, and the material performance and the structural consistency of a repair area are improved.

Inventors

DONG LIANG
WANG YAN
ZHANG HANG
LIU SHENGCHUN
Liu Tairu
LIU XUEQING

Assignees

山东凯泰焊接技术有限公司
山东理工职业学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260205

Claims (10)

1. A 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair, comprising: Acquiring point cloud data of a mold to be detected, and converting the point cloud data into a corresponding three-dimensional characteristic model; Acquiring an ideal geometric model of a mold, and judging whether a mold defect exists or not according to a comparison result of the three-dimensional feature model and the ideal geometric model; When a mold defect exists, obtaining defect characteristic parameters of each defect area, calibrating execution sequence numbers of the defect areas, and determining local heat dissipation properties corresponding to the defect areas according to the defect characteristic parameters; When the abnormal heat radiation attribute is obtained, determining an internal spiral welding path in each mold defect according to the maximum defect depth, the minimum defect slope and the welding parameter in the defect characteristic parameters; Acquiring the minimum physical distance between the mould defects, and selecting a corresponding continuous welding group when the minimum physical distance is smaller than a standard welding distance threshold value; acquiring an outer continuous welding path of the continuous welding group according to the acquisition of the welding start point and the welding end point of the continuous welding group; When the outer continuous welding path is obtained and the inner spiral welding path is required to be subjected to discrete processing, welding parameters are obtained, and a discrete processing mode is determined according to the local heat dissipation attribute and the welding parameters.
2. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair according to claim 1, wherein the determining the corresponding local heat radiation attribute comprises: calculating a heat dissipation judgment factor according to the defect opening surface area and the defect slope of each defect area; comparing the heat dissipation judgment factor with a preset heat dissipation judgment threshold; if the heat dissipation judgment factor is larger than the heat dissipation judgment threshold, determining that the corresponding local heat dissipation attribute is an abnormal heat dissipation attribute; if the heat dissipation judgment factor is smaller than or equal to the heat dissipation judgment threshold, determining that the corresponding local heat dissipation attribute is the conventional heat dissipation attribute.
3. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair according to claim 2, wherein the process of calculating the heat dissipation judgment factor includes: Calculating the average slope of the overall defect of the defect area according to the defect slope; Calculating the ratio of the average slope of the integral defect to the area of the opening surface of the defect to obtain a geometric heat dissipation characterization value of the defect; and presetting a heat radiation behavior correction parameter, and correcting the geometric heat radiation characterization value of the defect to obtain a heat radiation judgment factor.
4. A 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair according to claim 3, wherein the process of determining the welding path within each mold defect comprises: Acquiring a sidewall contour line corresponding to the maximum defect depth and the minimum defect slope in the defect characteristic parameters; constructing a layered spiral motion model covering the whole defect area based on the maximum defect depth, the minimum defect slope, the welding material width, the welding bead overlap ratio and the welding layer thickness; And determining welding paths in the defects of each die according to the layered spiral motion model.
5. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair of claim 4, wherein the process of constructing a layered spiral motion model covering the entire defect area comprises: generating a layered spiral motion model covering the whole defect area according to the maximum defect depth, the minimum defect slope and the welding parameters; and generating a single-layer spiral path along the direction of the minimum defect slope by taking the maximum defect depth as a starting point, and increasing the thickness of the welding layer along the vertical direction after the single-layer coverage is completed to obtain a complete internal spiral welding path.
6. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair of claim 5, wherein the process of obtaining a minimum physical distance between mold defects comprises: Obtaining the geometric center of a defect opening surface of each die defect; Traversing the relative positions among the geometric centers, and calculating the physical distance among the corresponding mold defects; the minimum of the physical distances is selected as the minimum physical distance between mold defects.
7. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair of claim 6, wherein the process of obtaining the outer continuous welding path of the continuous welding set comprises: Sequentially numbering the mould defects in the continuous welding groups according to the execution sequence numbers of the defect areas in the continuous welding groups; for two adjacent mold defects with the execution sequence numbers, marking the mold defect with the previous execution sequence number as a first mold defect of the continuous welding group, and marking the mold defect with the subsequent execution sequence number as a second mold defect of the continuous welding group; Acquiring a defect end point of a first mould defect, a defect starting point of a second mould defect and an end-to-end connecting line between the defect end point and the defect starting point; and determining an outer continuous welding path according to the head-tail connecting line.
8. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair of claim 7, wherein the process of determining an outer continuous welding path from the head-to-tail connection line comprises: judging whether the head-tail connecting line passes through any one of the first mould defect or the second mould defect opening area; When the head-tail connecting line passes through any one of the die defect opening areas, comparing the heat dissipation judging factors of the first die defect with a preset heat influence heat dissipation judging threshold; Selecting a long-section path or a short-section path intercepted in the head-tail connecting line as a welding path to be adjusted according to the comparison result; when the head-tail connecting line does not pass through all the defect opening areas of the die, taking the head-tail connecting line as a welding path to be adjusted, and acquiring the length of the welding path to be adjusted; and determining an outer continuous welding path according to the comparison result of the length of the welding path to be adjusted and the preset length threshold.
9. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair according to claim 8, wherein the process of obtaining the comparison result of the welding path length to be adjusted and a preset length threshold value comprises: Comparing the length of the welding path to be adjusted with a preset length threshold value; If the length of the welding path to be adjusted is greater than a preset length threshold, the welding path to be adjusted is directly used as an outer continuous welding path; And if the length of the welding path to be adjusted is smaller than or equal to a preset length threshold value, directly taking the welding path to be adjusted as an outer continuous welding path, and performing discrete processing on the inner spiral welding path in the second die defect.
10. The 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair of claim 9, wherein the flow of the discrete processing comprises: Dividing an internal spiral welding path to be adjusted into a plurality of welding sections; Calculating the interval time between each welding segment according to the heat dissipation judging factor of the previous mould defect and the welding speed in the welding parameters; And outputting the internal spiral welding path in the second die defect after the discrete treatment.

Description

3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair The invention relates to the technical field of mold additive repair, in particular to a 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair. Background As core equipment for industrial production, the mold often generates local defects due to high-temperature abrasion, erosion and the like in the service process. If the whole is scrapped, huge resource waste is caused, so that the 3D printing technology is utilized for local accurate repair, and the method has obvious economic value. However, most of the traditional 3D printing path planning is based on geometric filling, and the influence of complex geometric features of the mold defects on heat dissipation is ignored. In actual working conditions, the mould defects often have the space limited characteristics of deep depth, steep gradient and the like. When laser welding is continuously performed in a narrow deep cavity or a dense defect area, heat loss is slow, excessive accumulation of heat is extremely easy to occur, and further collapse of a molten pool, pores, coarse structural grains and even secondary damage of a die matrix are caused. At present, the prior art lacks a quantitative evaluation means for the local heat radiation attribute of the defect, and the welding strategy is difficult to dynamically adjust according to the heat radiation condition. Especially in the multi-defect continuous repair task, the interference degree of adjacent heat sources cannot be scientifically identified, so that the repair quality is unstable. Therefore, how to quantify the heat dissipation risk by identifying the geometric features of the defects and realize the discretization control of the paths according to the heat dissipation risk, so as to solve the heat accumulation problem while ensuring the efficiency, has become a key technical problem to be solved in the field of mold additive repair. CN121244997a discloses an additive repairing planning and shape regulating method, which comprises the steps of obtaining image information of a target component by a binocular vision camera arranged on a six-axis robot, preprocessing the image information, performing three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain shape and characteristic parameters of a damaged area of the target component, performing path planning to form a repairing path based on the shape and the characteristic parameters of the damaged area of the target component, constructing a path offset calculation model, determining the repairing path offset based on the path offset calculation model, correcting the repairing path by the repairing path offset, constructing a PID control model, determining the additive repairing parameter based on the PID control model, and controlling an additive repairing device to work according to the additive repairing parameter and the corrected repairing path. The existing mould material-increasing repair technology mainly focuses on shape reconstruction and path deviation correction of a geometric layer, a generated repair path is usually a continuous path, and when facing a deep cavity or a narrow defect area, due to the lack of a dynamic adjustment mechanism for heat accumulation, a welding strategy cannot be actively changed according to heat dissipation properties, so that heat is excessively accumulated locally, and the defects of molten pool collapse, matrix damage and the like are caused. Disclosure of Invention Therefore, the invention provides a 3D printing welding path planning method for repairing a die, which is used for solving the problem of local heat accumulation caused by flattening of the conventional repairing path planning by quantifying geometric heat dissipation properties of defects and performing path discretization and cooling interval control on a high heat accumulation risk area. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a 3D printing welding path planning method for mold repair, including: Acquiring point cloud data of a mold to be detected, and converting the point cloud data into a corresponding three-dimensional characteristic model; Acquiring an ideal geometric model of a mold, and judging whether a mold defect exists or not according to a comparison result of the three-dimensional feature model and the ideal geometric model; When a mold defect exists, obtaining defect characteristic parameters of each defect area, calibrating execution sequence numbers of the defect areas, and determining local heat dissipation properties corresponding to the defect areas according to the defect characteristic parameters; When the abnormal heat radiation attribute is obtained, determining an internal spiral welding path in each mold defect according to the maximum defect depth, the minimum defect slope and the welding parameter in the defect characteristic parameters; Acquiring the minimum physical distance between the mould defects, and selecting a corresponding conti