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CN-121972932-A - Automatic eccentric shaft press-fitting device and press-fitting method

CN121972932ACN 121972932 ACN121972932 ACN 121972932ACN-121972932-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an eccentric shaft press-fitting automatic device and a press-fitting method, and relates to the technical field of eccentric shaft press-fitting. The device comprises a deck plate, a visual detection system, a lifting mechanism, a plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies and a press-fitting mechanism, wherein the deck plate sets a position block to put a shell, the visual detection system realizes shell position compensation through a camera, a fine-tuning stepping motor and a PLC, the lifting mechanism drives the shell to a reference height, the plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies automatically complete shell transfer, bearing feeding and camshaft positioning, and servo press-fitting electric cylinders on two sides synchronously execute three-section press-fitting strokes, so that the depth error is less than or equal to 0.1mm. The press-mounting method comprises manual discharging, visual positioning lifting, positioning and transferring of a cylinder, automatic feeding of a bearing/cam shaft and synchronous press-mounting resetting. The invention realizes the automatic press fitting, improves the precision and the efficiency, reduces the labor intensity and ensures the stable quality of products.

Inventors

  • CAO FENG
  • ZUO TAO

Assignees

  • 安徽海龙机械有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20250926

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An eccentric shaft press-fit automation device, comprising: the table top board (1), the table top board (1) is provided with a positioning block (2) for manually placing the shell (21) to be pressed and limiting the initial placing position of the shell (21); the vision detection system comprises a vision camera (3), two vision fine adjustment stepping motors (4), a proximity switch (5) and a PLC logic controller (6), wherein the vision camera (3) is arranged above the table panel (1), the two vision fine adjustment stepping motors (4) respectively control the displacement in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the proximity switch (5) is used for detecting the original point positions of the two stepping motors, and the PLC is used for receiving position detection data of the vision camera (3) and outputting control signals; The lifting mechanism comprises a No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder (7), wherein the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder (7) is arranged below the table panel (1), and the lifting height of the No. 1 servo lifting electric cylinder is controlled after receiving position compensation data of the visual detection system through a PLC so as to lift the shell (21) to a preset reference position; The multi-group cylinder assembly comprises a positioning cylinder (8), a displacement cylinder (9), a feeding cylinder and an auxiliary positioning cylinder (8), wherein the positioning cylinder (8) is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for detecting an ejection state and used for guiding and positioning a shell (21), the displacement cylinder (9) is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for transferring the shell (21) to a press mounting position, the feeding cylinder is provided with a magnetic ring sensor and a bearing bracket and used for conveying and positioning a bearing (20) one by one, and the auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for guiding a sliding of a cam shaft and pre-positioning before press mounting; The press-fitting mechanism comprises servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) which are symmetrically arranged on two sides, and the servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) can receive instructions of the PLC (programmable logic controller) 6 and synchronously execute three-section press-fitting strokes so as to control press-fitting depth and coaxiality.
  2. 2. The eccentric shaft press-fit automation device according to claim 1, wherein the visual detection system further comprises a camera detection switch button, after the button is triggered, the two visual fine adjustment stepping motors (4) are operated to a preset position and confirm an origin through the proximity switch (5), the visual camera (3) photographs and detects the position of the shell (21) and transmits data to the PLC, and the PLC outputs a control signal to the servo lifting cylinder No. 1 (7) after data conversion and compensation.
  3. 3. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device according to claim 1, wherein the preset reference position of the lifting mechanism is the center height of a positioning cylinder (8), after a No. 1 servo lifting cylinder (7) is lifted in place, the positioning cylinder (8) ejects guide heads to be attached to two sides of a shell (21), the ejection state of the positioning cylinder (8) is fed back to a PLC through a magnetic ring sensor, and after the positioning cylinder (8) is attached in place, the positioning cylinder (8) is retracted.
  4. 4. The eccentric shaft press-fit automation device of claim 1, wherein in the plurality of sets of cylinder assemblies: The initial state of the displacement cylinder (9) is ejection, and the displacement cylinder returns after receiving a PLC signal so as to pull the shell (21) from an initial placement position to a press-mounting position of the press-mounting mechanism; The feeding cylinder comprises a No. 4 cylinder (10), a No. 5 cylinder (11) and a No. 6 cylinder (12) which sequentially act, when the No. 5 cylinder (11) retreats, the bearing (20) slides to a bearing bracket through a trough, after a proximity switch (5) in the bearing bracket detects that the bearing (20) is in place, the No. 5 cylinder (11) is ejected again, the No. 4 cylinder (10) retreats to enable a subsequent bearing (20) to sequentially slide, and the No. 6 cylinder (12) ejects to push the bearing (20) to a press-mounting station; The auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) comprises a No. 7 cylinder (13), a No. 8 cylinder (14), a No. 9 cylinder (15) and a No. 10 cylinder (16), a cam shaft slides to a cam shaft bracket when the No. 8 cylinder (14) is ejected, the No. 8 cylinder (14) is retracted after the proximity switch (5) detects the position, and the No. 9 cylinder (15) and the No. 10 cylinder (16) are sequentially ejected to realize the cam shaft preset positioning.
  5. 5. The eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device according to claim 1, wherein the three-stage press-fitting stroke of the press-fitting mechanism comprises a first stage stroke of slow-speed loading, a second stage stroke of fast-speed movement to a designated position outside a shell (21), speed changing suspension, and a third stage stroke of synchronous slow-speed press-fitting of servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) on two sides, wherein the press-fitting depth error is not more than 0.1mm, and synchronous withdrawal after press-fitting is in place.
  6. 6. A press-fitting method of an eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device, characterized by improving press-fitting accuracy of an eccentric shaft based on the eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of: Step 1, manually placing a shell (21) at a positioning block (2) of a table top board (1); Triggering a camera detection switch button of a visual detection system, and starting visual positioning and lifting compensation, wherein two visual fine-tuning stepping motors (4) are operated to a preset position and confirm an original point through a proximity switch (5), a visual camera (3) shoots a detection shell (21) and transmits data to a PLC, and the PLC controls a No.1 servo lifting cylinder (7) to lift the shell (21) to a preset reference position after data conversion and compensation; step 3, starting a positioning cylinder (8) to eject a guide head, detecting that two sides of a shell (21) are attached in place through a magnetic ring sensor, and then retracting the positioning cylinder (8), retracting a displacement cylinder (9) after receiving a signal, and transferring the shell (21) to a press-mounting position of a press-mounting mechanism; Step 4, the feeding cylinder acts to realize automatic feeding of the bearing (20), namely the No. 5 cylinder (11) retreats to enable the bearing (20) to slide to a bearing bracket, the No. 5 cylinder (11) is ejected again after the proximity switch (5) detects the bearing (20), the No. 4 cylinder (10) retreats to enable the subsequent bearing (20) to slide in sequence, and the No. 6 cylinder (12) is ejected to push the bearing (20) to a press mounting station; Step 5, the auxiliary positioning cylinder (8) acts to position the camshaft, namely the No. 8 cylinder (14) is ejected to enable the camshaft to slide to a camshaft bracket, the No. 8 cylinder (14) is retracted after the proximity switch (5) detects that the camshaft is in place, and the No. 9 cylinder (15) and the No. 10 cylinder (16) are sequentially ejected to complete the camshaft pre-positioning; And 6, synchronously executing three-section press-fitting strokes by the servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) at two sides, synchronously withdrawing after press-fitting in place, ejecting the shell (21) by the displacement cylinder (9) to be transferred out of the table panel (1), and descending and resetting the servo lifting electric cylinder (7) at the number 1.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the preset reference position is the center height of the positioning cylinder (8), and the lifting height of the servo lifting cylinder (7) No. 1 is controlled after + -compensation of the vision detection data by the PLC.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step 3, after the positioning cylinder (8) ejects the guide head, the ejection state is fed back to the PLC through the magnetic ring sensor, and after the housing (21) is confirmed to be in place, the PLC controls the positioning cylinder (8) to retract and triggers the displacement cylinder (9) to act.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step 4, after the proximity switch (5) in the bearing bracket detects the bearing (20), the No. 5 cylinder (11) is ejected again to close the trough, and the No. 4 cylinder (10) is retracted to enable the bearing (20) in the trough to slide down to the bearing bracket in sequence under the action of gravity.
  10. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 6, the three-stage press-fit process specifically comprises: The first stroke comprises the steps of slowly charging the servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) at two sides, stopping after the servo press-fitting electric cylinders are in place, and returning the feeding cylinder No. 6 and the auxiliary positioning cylinder No. 7 (8) to the initial positions; A second stroke, namely, the servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) at two sides rapidly move to a designated position outside the shell (21) to pause speed change; And in the third stroke, the servo press-fitting electric cylinders (17) at two sides synchronously press-fit slowly, the press-fitting depth error is not more than 0.1mm, the synchronous return is realized after the press-fitting depth error is in place, the displacement cylinder (9) is ejected to transfer the shell (21) out of the table panel (1), and the servo lifting electric cylinder (7) at No. 1 descends and resets.

Description

Automatic eccentric shaft press-fitting device and press-fitting method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of eccentric shaft press fitting, in particular to an eccentric shaft press fitting automatic device and a press fitting method. Background In the assembly process of the eccentric shaft, the bearing and the shell, the prior art generally adopts a mode of manually turning over and gradually carrying out two-sided press mounting through an 8T small press, and the manual operation mode has the remarkable technical defects that firstly, the press mounting depth depends on manual experience control and cannot be precisely quantized, so that the depth error is larger and the product assembly precision is directly influenced, secondly, the coaxiality of the bearings on two sides and the shell is difficult to ensure in the manual turning over and step-by-step press mounting process, the assembly eccentricity is easy to generate, the abrasion of the parts is aggravated, the service life of the product is shortened, and secondly, the manual operation needs to frequently carry, position and start equipment, the process is complicated and has high labor intensity, the efficiency is low, and potential safety hazards caused by misoperation exist, and meanwhile, the product quality stability is poor and the consistency is difficult to control. The above problems severely restrict the production efficiency and the product reliability, and a special device capable of realizing automatic positioning, accurate press-fit control and synchronous coaxiality adjustment is needed to solve the pain point in the prior art. Chinese patent publication No. CN206286795U discloses an automated system for assembling bearings to eccentric shafts. The invention aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor assembly quality of manually assembling the bearing on the eccentric shaft, and also has the problems of high labor intensity, labor safety and the like of workers. The automatic system for assembling the bearing for the eccentric shaft comprises a workbench, a robot grabbing component and a press-fitting component, wherein the grabbing component is fixedly connected to the robot body, the press-fitting component is fixedly connected to the workbench, the press-fitting component is used for press-fitting the bearing, the automatic system further comprises a turnover centering component, the turnover centering component is fixedly connected to the workbench, and the turnover centering component is used for overturning and centering the eccentric shaft. Due to the structure, the automatic system can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of assembling the eccentric shaft bearing, and reduce the assembly cost and the labor intensity of workers. The unidirectional cylinder driving press-fitting assembly of the device realizes bearing press-fitting, the core of the device depends on the cylinder thrust and guide shaft mechanical limit control press-fitting process, the press-fitting stroke is mechanically limited by the cylinder stroke, and the dynamic adjustment cannot be carried out according to the actual position of a workpiece, so that the press-fitting depth error is larger. Therefore, a person skilled in the art is required to solve the above technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, improves the accuracy of pressing the eccentric shaft by simultaneously pressing the voltage cylinders at two sides, and improves the production quality of the signal shaft. The invention adopts the technical scheme that: an eccentric shaft press-fitting automation device comprises a table panel, a pressing device and a pressing device, wherein a positioning block is arranged on the table panel and used for manually placing a shell to be press-fitted and limiting the initial placement position of the shell; The visual detection system comprises a visual camera, two visual fine-tuning stepping motors, a proximity switch and a PLC logic controller, wherein the visual camera is arranged above the table panel, the two visual fine-tuning stepping motors respectively control the vertical direction displacement and the horizontal direction displacement, the proximity switch is used for detecting the original point positions of the two stepping motors, and the PLC is used for receiving position detection data of the visual camera and outputting control signals; The positioning cylinder is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for detecting the ejection state and used for guiding and positioning the shell, the displacement cylinder is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for transferring the shell to a press-fit position, the feeding cylinder is provided with a magnetic ring sensor and a bearing bracket and used for conveying and positioning the bearings one by one, and the auxiliary positioning cylinder is provided with a magnetic ring sensor for guiding the cams