CN-121973004-A - Automatic tool changing device of horizontal machine tool

CN121973004ACN 121973004 ACN121973004 ACN 121973004ACN-121973004-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tool changing of machine tools and discloses an automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool, which comprises a back plate arranged in the machine tool, wherein a power box body and a main shaft fixing seat are respectively arranged on two sides of the back plate, a driving main shaft is arranged on the main shaft fixing seat, a tool position seat is arranged at the end part of the driving main shaft, a machining tool is detachably arranged on the tool position seat, the automatic tool changing device also comprises a tool changing manipulator mechanism and a tool magazine mechanism, the tool changing manipulator mechanism comprises a tool changing shaft which can penetrate through the power box body in a rotatable and axially movable mode, and a coupling driving assembly used for driving the tool changing shaft to perform rotary motion and axial lifting motion is arranged in the power box body. According to the invention, through the innovative design of the coupling driving assembly, the two degrees of freedom of lifting and rotating required by the tool changing manipulator mechanism are integrated and sequentially driven by a single driving shaft through the protrusions with specific outlines and the gear pairs with two different transmission ratios.

Inventors

YAN YINGYING
Yuan Xingcun

Assignees

浙江哈勒精密机械有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260403

Claims (9)

1. The automatic tool changing device of the horizontal machine tool comprises a back plate arranged in the machine tool, wherein a power box body and a main shaft fixing seat are respectively arranged on two sides of the back plate, a driving main shaft is arranged on the main shaft fixing seat, a tool position seat is arranged at the end part of the driving main shaft, and a machining tool is detachably arranged on the tool position seat; The tool magazine mechanism comprises a cutter head rotatably connected to the outer side of the power box body, and a plurality of tool position seats are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cutter head; The tool changing manipulator mechanism comprises a tool changing shaft which can rotate and axially movably penetrate through the power box body, one end of the tool changing shaft, which is positioned outside the power box body, is fixedly connected with a swing arm, clamping jaw assemblies for clamping or releasing the machining tool are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the swing arm, and a coupling driving assembly for driving the tool changing shaft to perform rotary motion and axial lifting motion is arranged inside the power box body.
2. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the coupling driving assembly comprises a first supporting beam and a second supporting beam which are fixed on the inner wall of the power box body, the second supporting beam is rotationally connected with a rotating sleeve, the tool changing shaft axially slides in the rotating sleeve in a penetrating manner and rotates synchronously with the circumference of the rotating sleeve, a driven gear is fixed on the periphery of the rotating sleeve, the first supporting beam is rotationally connected with a driving shaft, a first driving gear and a second driving gear are respectively arranged on two sides of the outer wall of the driving shaft, a second rotating driving device for driving the driving shaft to rotate is arranged in the power box body, when the driven gear is meshed with the first driving gear, the driving shaft drives the tool changing shaft to rotate 180 degrees, and when the driven gear is meshed with the second driving gear, the driving shaft drives the tool changing shaft to rotate 90 degrees.
3. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 2, wherein a first jacking protrusion and a second jacking protrusion are arranged on the end face of the driving shaft, the first jacking protrusion and the second driving gear are located on the same side of the driving shaft, a central angle corresponding to the first jacking protrusion is larger than a central angle corresponding to the second driving gear, the second jacking protrusion is located at a circumferential position corresponding to a circumferential gap between the first driving gear and the second driving gear, and an axial pushing assembly matched with the first jacking protrusion and the second jacking protrusion is arranged at the end part of the tool changing shaft.
4. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the axial pushing component comprises a push plate fixed at the end part of the tool changing shaft, the push plate is rotationally connected with a top wheel matched with the profiles of the first jacking bulge and the second jacking bulge, the middle part of the push plate is slidingly connected with a guide rod fixedly connected with the inner wall of the power box body, and a pushing spring for driving the push plate to move towards the direction of the rotating shaft is sleeved outside the guide rod.
5. The automatic tool changing device of the horizontal machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool magazine mechanism further comprises a support fixed on the outer wall of the power box body, the support is connected with a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the center of the cutter disc, a first rotary driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on the outer wall of the power box body, an annular protective cover is further fixed on the support, the protective cover is sleeved on the outer side of the cutter disc, and a tool changing window for the machining tool to extend out is formed in one side, close to the tool changing manipulator mechanism.
6. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the edge of the cutter disc is provided with a mounting groove, the mounting groove is rotationally connected with a tool position seat, and a side surface of the protective cover is provided with a tool ejecting assembly for driving the tool position seat at the tool changing window to rotate to the outside of the protective cover.
7. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the tool ejecting assembly comprises a mounting plate fixed on the side face of the cutterhead, a push rod is slidably connected to the mounting plate, one end of the push rod is rotatably connected with one end of a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the side face of the tool position seat, a reset spring for driving the push rod to rotate towards the center direction of the cutterhead is sleeved on the push rod, a cantilever frame is fixed on the inner side of the protective cover, and an ejector device for driving the push rod to move towards the direction away from the center of the cutterhead is arranged at the end part of the cantilever frame.
8. The automatic tool changing device of the horizontal machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the clamping jaw assembly comprises clamping grooves formed in the side faces of the swing arms, the two clamping grooves are symmetrically arranged relative to the center circumference of the swing arms, electromagnetic pushing-out devices are arranged on the inner sides of the clamping grooves, clamping blocking heads are arranged at the end portions of the electromagnetic pushing-out devices, and annular clamping grooves matched with the clamping blocking heads in shape are formed in the side faces of the tool handles of the machining tools.
9. The automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a base arranged at the center of the machine tool, wherein the workpiece clamping device is arranged in the middle of the base, the side surface of the base is slidably connected with the back plate, and the main shaft fixing seat is slidably connected along the side surface of the back plate.

Description

Automatic tool changing device of horizontal machine tool Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of tool changing of machine tools, in particular to an automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool. Background The automatic tool changing system is used as a core functional component of a numerical control machine tool, in particular a machining center, and the technical development level of the automatic tool changing system directly influences the machining efficiency, precision and automation degree of the whole machine. The system can automatically complete a series of actions such as storage, identification, selection, exchange, locking and the like of the cutter under the control of a numerical control program, replaces the traditional manual cutter changing operation, and further realizes multi-procedure and multi-procedure continuous processing. The auxiliary time is greatly shortened, the equipment utilization rate is improved, errors caused by human intervention are effectively reduced, and the processing consistency and reliability are remarkably improved. Along with the continuous development of the manufacturing industry to the intelligent and flexible directions, the efficient and stable automatic tool changing device becomes an indispensable key basic technology of modern high-end numerical control equipment, and has important engineering application value for the research of structural optimization and performance improvement. At present, a common automatic tool changing device mostly adopts a manipulator tool changing mode, and the common automatic tool changing device generally comprises a tool magazine, a manipulator, a driving mechanism, a control system and the like. When the manipulator executes the tool changing task, a series of compound movements such as tool drawing from the tool magazine, transverse movement to the spindle position, tool inserting to the spindle and the like are needed to be completed successively. Because the axial insertion and the horizontal transfer of the cutter belong to movements in different directions, the traditional design often needs to be respectively provided with a plurality of driving units such as an air cylinder (or a hydraulic cylinder) and a rotating motor, and the coordinated actions of the air cylinder (or the hydraulic cylinder) and the rotating motor are realized through precise time sequence control. The layout mode of the multiple power sources and the multiple execution mechanisms not only leads to complex overall structure and larger occupied space of the device, but also increases the weight and inertia of the mechanical body and has certain influence on the dynamic performance of the machine tool. In addition, the matching precision requirement among a plurality of driving units is extremely high, a control system is complex, debugging and maintenance difficulties are correspondingly increased, and cooperative errors possibly occur in long-term operation, so that the reliability and efficiency of tool changing are affected. Therefore, it is needed to optimize the structure of the existing automatic tool changer, simplify the driving and transmission modes, and improve the overall rigidity and operation stability of the system while ensuring the tool changing precision and speed. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an automatic tool changing device of a horizontal machine tool, which solves the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The automatic tool changing device of the horizontal machine tool comprises a back plate arranged in the machine tool, wherein a power box body and a main shaft fixing seat are respectively arranged on two sides of the back plate, a driving main shaft is arranged on the main shaft fixing seat, a tool position seat is arranged at the end part of the driving main shaft, a machining tool is detachably arranged on the tool position seat, and the automatic tool changing device further comprises a tool changing manipulator mechanism and a tool magazine mechanism; The tool magazine mechanism comprises a cutter head rotatably connected to the outer side of the power box body, and a plurality of tool position seats are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the cutter head; The tool changing manipulator mechanism comprises a tool changing shaft which can rotate and axially movably penetrate through the power box body, one end of the tool changing shaft, which is positioned outside the power box body, is fixedly connected with a swing arm, clamping jaw assemblies for clamping or releasing the machining tool are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the swing arm, and a coupling driving assembly for driving the tool changing shaft to perform rotary motion and axial lifting motion is arranged inside the power box body. As a preferable technical scheme of