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CN-121973010-A - Screw auxiliary supporting device and machine tool

CN121973010ACN 121973010 ACN121973010 ACN 121973010ACN-121973010-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and provides a screw auxiliary supporting device and a machine tool, wherein the screw auxiliary supporting device comprises a guide rail and a guide rail, wherein the guide rail is arranged along a first direction; the guide rail comprises a guide rail, a sliding block, a supporting mechanism fixedly connected with the sliding block, a supporting mechanism, an elastic structure and a guide rail, wherein the supporting mechanism is provided with a supporting groove which extends along a first direction and is used for accommodating and supporting a screw rod, opposite side surfaces of the supporting groove in a second direction are formed into contact surfaces, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the elastic structure is used for providing elastic pretightening force for opposite movement for the two contact surfaces so that the contact surfaces are elastically contacted with the periphery of the screw rod. In addition, the elastic pretightening force in the second direction can realize automatic compensation of the abrasion loss, is favorable for maintaining the stability and the precision of screw transmission for a long time, prolongs the service life of the device, and better meets the long-term stable and reliable operation requirement of a machine tool.

Inventors

  • CUI CHENG
  • YANG ZHENG
  • KONG XIANGZHI
  • DU YANG
  • WANG LEI
  • ZHAO JIYE
  • LV JUN
  • ZHANG XU
  • YANG SHUO
  • JING LIPING

Assignees

  • 通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司大连分公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260407

Claims (9)

  1. 1. A screw auxiliary supporting device, characterized by comprising: a guide rail (10) arranged in a first direction; A slider (20) slidingly connected to the guide rail (10); The support mechanism (30) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (20), a support groove (301) is formed on the support mechanism (30), the support groove (301) extends along the first direction and is used for accommodating and supporting a screw rod, and opposite side surfaces of the support groove (301) in the second direction are formed into contact surfaces (302) which are perpendicular to the first direction; And the elastic structure (40) is used for providing elastic pre-tightening force for the two contact surfaces (302) which move oppositely, enabling the contact surfaces (302) to elastically contact with the periphery of the screw rod, and realizing automatic compensation of the abrasion loss through the elastic pre-tightening force in the second direction.
  2. 2. The screw-assisted support device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support mechanism (30) comprises: The support piece (31) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (20); the two adjusting pieces (32) are arranged at intervals in the second direction and are in sliding connection with the supporting piece (31), the supporting groove (301) is formed between the two adjusting pieces (32), the opposite surfaces of the two adjusting pieces (32) are formed into the two contact surfaces (302) of the supporting groove (301), and the elastic structure (40) is connected between the supporting piece (31) and the adjusting piece (32).
  3. 3. Screw auxiliary support device according to claim 2, characterized in that the elastic structure (40) comprises an elastic element (41) and a guide element (42); The elastic member (41) is configured to be elastically deformable in the second direction, and one end of the elastic member (41) is elastically abutted against the adjustment member (32) and the other end is elastically abutted against the support member (31); The guide member (42) is arranged along the second direction and is in guiding engagement with the elastic member (41) for providing a guide for deformation of the elastic member (41).
  4. 4. A screw-assisted support device according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide (42) is configured in a rod-like shape and is fixedly connected to the support (31); the adjusting piece (32) is provided with a guide hole (323) extending along the second direction, the guide piece (42) is slidably inserted into the guide hole (323), and the elastic piece (41) is configured as a spring and sleeved on the guide piece (42).
  5. 5. The screw auxiliary supporting device according to claim 4, wherein the adjusting member (32) is further provided with a mounting hole (324); The mounting holes (324) and the guide holes (323) are coaxially arranged and relatively far away from the supporting groove (301), the aperture of the mounting holes (324) is larger than that of the guide holes (323) so as to form steps at the connection positions of the mounting holes (324) and the guide holes (323), and the springs are located in the mounting holes (324) and are abutted to the steps at the end portions.
  6. 6. Screw auxiliary support device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a limiting element (70) for limiting the travel of the two adjustment elements (32) against the movement.
  7. 7. The screw auxiliary support device according to claim 6, characterized in that the limit piece (70) is configured in a rod shape and is fixedly connected to the support piece (31); The adjusting piece (32) is provided with a limiting hole (325) extending along the second direction, the limiting piece (70) is slidably inserted into the limiting hole (325), and the end part of the limiting piece (70) can be in contact with the end face of the limiting hole (325) to limit.
  8. 8. The screw auxiliary supporting device according to claim 1, wherein, The supporting mechanisms (30) are arranged at intervals with more than two, and the adjacent supporting mechanisms (30) are fixedly connected through connecting pieces (50), and/or, Opposite sides of the support mechanism (30) along the first direction are provided with cushioning members (80).
  9. 9. A machine tool comprising a screw-assisted support device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Description

Screw auxiliary supporting device and machine tool Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to a screw auxiliary supporting device and a machine tool. Background In the field of machine tool equipment, a lead screw is used as a core transmission part and is widely applied to various equipment needing high-precision linear motion transmission such as a numerical control machine tool, a machining center, a precise instrument and the like, and the transmission precision directly determines the machining precision and the product quality stability of the machine tool. Along with the continuous improvement of the processing precision requirements of the modern manufacturing industry on parts, the transmission precision control of the screw rod becomes a key technical link in the design and the manufacture of machine tools. For the horizontally arranged screw rod, due to the action of self gravity, the axial span direction of the screw rod can inevitably generate sagging deflection change, and the deflection deformation can cause the problems of axial deviation, uneven transmission resistance and the like of the screw rod in the rotation process, so that the transmission precision is fluctuated, and the machining precision of a machine tool is seriously influenced, so that a corresponding auxiliary supporting device is required to be configured for the horizontally arranged screw rod so as to offset the deflection influence caused by gravity, and ensure the stability and the precision of screw rod transmission. In order to solve the sagging deflection problem of the horizontal screw, a plurality of screw auxiliary supporting structures exist in the prior art, and the core design thought of the supporting device is to provide radial supporting force for the screw by arranging a supporting surface matched with the excircle of the screw so as to counteract the gravity effect. At present, an auxiliary supporting structure mostly adopts an integral structural design, the supporting surface of the auxiliary supporting structure is usually circular or circular arc, and the supporting surface is in surface contact fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the screw rod to realize supporting and positioning of the screw rod. However, in practical application, the existing integral screw auxiliary supporting structure adopting a round or circular arc supporting surface has a plurality of problems to be solved, namely, the surface contact matching mode has extremely high requirements on the installation alignment of the supporting structure and the screw, the coaxiality of the supporting surface and the screw is required to be accurately adjusted in the installation process, the operation is tedious and time-consuming, the assembly efficiency is greatly reduced, the machining precision of the integral structure is strictly controlled, the roundness, cylindricity, the perpendicularity with an installation reference and the like of the supporting surface are strictly controlled, the machining precision is higher, and the supporting surface and the screw contact part inevitably generate abrasion along with the long-term operation of the machine tool, so that the supporting gap is gradually increased, the screw transmission precision is further reduced, the use stability and the service life of the machine tool are influenced, and the long-term stable and reliable use requirement of the transmission system of the high-precision machine tool cannot be met. In view of the above problems and findings, how to simplify the installation and debugging process, reduce the processing and assembly costs and realize the long-term stable and reliable operation of the transmission system on the premise of ensuring the support stability and the transmission precision has become an important technical problem to be solved currently. It should be apparent that the foregoing is intended to facilitate an understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a screw auxiliary supporting device and a machine tool, which are used for solving the defects that the screw auxiliary supporting device in the prior art has higher processing precision requirement and difficult guarantee of supporting stability and transmission precision, simplifying installation and debugging flow, reducing processing and assembly cost and realizing long-term stable and reliable operation of a transmission system on the premise of guaranteeing the supporting stability and the transmission precision. The invention provides a screw auxiliary supporting device, comprising: A guide rail arranged along a first direction; the sliding block is connected to the guide rail in a sliding manner; The sliding block com