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CN-121973300-A - Mechanical tenon machine and tenon machining method

CN121973300ACN 121973300 ACN121973300 ACN 121973300ACN-121973300-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mortises, in particular to a mechanical tenon machine and a tenon machining method, wherein the mechanical tenon machine comprises a rack, a main shaft mechanism, an arc movement mechanism, a table top adjusting mechanism, a movement control mechanism and a driving gear motor, wherein the rack is connected with the mechanical tenon machine in a sliding mode along the transverse direction, the main shaft mechanism is used for driving a cutter to rotate, the arc movement mechanism is arranged on the rack, the main shaft mechanism penetrates through the arc movement mechanism and is connected with the arc movement mechanism, the linear movement mechanism is arranged on the rack and acts on the arc movement mechanism, the table top adjusting mechanism is arranged on the rack, the movement control mechanism is respectively connected with the linear movement mechanism and the arc movement mechanism and is arranged on the rack, and the driving gear motor is in transmission connection with the movement control mechanism. The mechanical tenon machine is realized by adopting a pure mechanical system, particularly pure mechanical structures such as a cam, a connecting rod, a gear and the like to control the cutter path and the clearance movement, the whole processing process can be realized without an intermittent cam divider, and the cost of production equipment is further reduced.

Inventors

  • XIONG HONGJIA
  • XIONG YUZHI

Assignees

  • 佛山佳加机械有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260331

Claims (14)

  1. 1. A mechanical tenon machine is characterized by comprising A rack (100) which is connected with a tray rack (200) in a sliding way along the transverse direction; a spindle mechanism (600) for driving the cutter (603) to rotate; The circular arc movement mechanism (300) is used for driving the main shaft mechanism (600) to realize circular arc movement and is arranged on the disc frame (200), and the main shaft mechanism (600) is arranged on the circular arc movement mechanism (300) in a penetrating way and is connected with the circular arc movement mechanism; The linear motion mechanism (400) is used for driving the main shaft mechanism (600) to realize transverse linear motion, is arranged on the disc frame (200) and acts on the circular arc motion mechanism (300); The table top adjusting mechanism (700) is arranged on the frame (100) and used for fixing a workpiece (900) to be processed, and the distance and the angle of the workpiece (900) to be processed relative to the spindle mechanism (600) can be adjusted through the table top adjusting mechanism (700); A motion control mechanism (500) connected to the linear motion mechanism (400) and the circular arc motion mechanism (300) respectively, for controlling the motions of the linear motion mechanism (400) and the circular arc motion mechanism (300), and mounted on the tray frame (200); A driving gear motor (800) which is in transmission connection with the motion control mechanism (500) and is used for outputting the power of linear motion and circular motion; And the motion control mechanism (500) is used for transmitting the power output by the driving gear motor (800) to the linear motion mechanism (400) and the circular arc motion mechanism (300), so that the main shaft mechanism (600) executes linear or circular arc track output according to a logic sequence.
  2. 2. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 1, wherein the motion control mechanism (500) comprises a multi-layer frame (501) arranged on the disc frame (200), a driving wheel shaft (502) is vertically arranged in the middle of the multi-layer frame (501) through bearings, a first driven wheel shaft (507) and a second driven wheel shaft (508) are respectively arranged on two sides of the driving wheel shaft (502), the first driven wheel shaft (507) and the second driven wheel shaft (508) are vertically arranged on the multi-layer frame (501) through bearings and penetrate through the multi-layer frame, an S cam group and an LR cam group are fixedly sleeved on the driving wheel shaft (502) from bottom to top, an S roller seat (511) and an R roller seat (515) are sleeved on the first driven wheel shaft (507) from bottom to top, the S roller seat (511) and the R roller seat (515) are respectively arranged on different layers of the multi-layer frame (501), a second driven wheel shaft (508) is vertically arranged on the multi-layer frame (508) through bearings, the S cam group and the LR cam group (518) is correspondingly arranged on the driving wheel shaft (518) and the driving wheel shaft (502), the S roller seat (511) and the L roller seat (518) are both in transmission connection with the linear motion mechanism (400), and the R roller seat (515) is in transmission connection with the circular arc motion mechanism (300).
  3. 3. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 2, wherein the S cam group and the LR cam group are both of a double-layer cam structure, the S cam group comprises an S driving wheel (503) located at an upper layer and an S positioning wheel (504) located at a lower layer, the LR cam group comprises an LR driving wheel (505) located at an upper layer and an LR positioning wheel (506) located at a lower layer, the S roller seat (511), the L roller seat (518) and the R roller seat (515) respectively comprise a first layer and a second layer which are fixedly connected, a plurality of pin shafts (512) are uniformly distributed on the first layer and the second layer, each pin shaft (512) is sleeved with a freely rotatable bushing (513), each bushing (513) respectively cooperates with a corresponding cam, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer of the S roller seat (511) respectively cooperate with the S driving wheel (503) and the S positioning wheel (504), the upper layer of the R roller seat (515) and the L roller seat (518) respectively cooperate with the first layer and the second layer of the second layer respectively, the roller seat (518) respectively cooperate with the roller seat (505), the roller seat (506) and the lower layer of the roller seat (518) respectively alternately, and the roller seat (518) respectively correspond alternately, and the roller seat (518) are correspondingly and the roller seat (518) respectively, and the roller seat (518) is correspondingly positioned with the rollers respectively, and roller seat (518), the R roller seat (515) rotates and stops at a desired angle.
  4. 4. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 2, wherein the arc movement mechanism (300) comprises an arc driving assembly and an arc radius adjusting assembly, the arc driving assembly comprises an arc driving gear (309) and a rotary disc (301) which are meshed with each other, the rotary disc (301) is rotationally connected with the disc frame (200), the arc driving gear (309) is connected with the R roller seat (515) through a first transmission assembly, the arc radius adjusting assembly comprises a guide groove and a spindle slide seat (305), an adjusting screw (3062) and an adjusting nut (308), the guide groove is positioned on the rotary disc (301), the spindle mechanism (600) is connected with the spindle slide seat (305), the spindle slide seat (305) is movably connected with the adjusting screw (3062) and is slidingly connected with the guide groove, the adjusting nut (308) is fixedly arranged on the rotary disc (301), the adjusting screw (3062) is also in threaded connection with the adjusting nut (308), and the distance between a spindle core (305) of the spindle and a spindle core (600) of the spindle mechanism (308) can be changed by rotating the adjusting screw (3062).
  5. 5. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 4, wherein the first transmission assembly comprises a driving bevel gear shaft (405) and a driven bevel gear shaft (404), one end of the driving bevel gear shaft (405) is provided with a driving bevel gear (406), the other end of the driving bevel gear shaft (405) is provided with an R driven gear (407), the end part of the driven bevel gear shaft (404) is provided with a driven bevel gear, the driven bevel gear is connected with the circular arc driving gear (309) through a transmission shaft (311), the R roller seat (515) is provided with an R driving gear (516), the R driving gear (516) is meshed with the R driven gear (407), and the driving bevel gear (406) is meshed with the driven bevel gear at the end part of the driven bevel gear shaft (404).
  6. 6. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 4, wherein the arc radius adjusting assembly further comprises a gear steering device (306) and a hand wheel shaft (3061), one end of the spindle sliding seat (305) is vertically connected with the spindle mechanism (600), the gear steering device (306) is fixedly arranged at the other end of the spindle sliding seat (305), the gear steering device (306) is perpendicular to an end face direction input end of the turntable (301) and is connected with the hand wheel shaft (3061), an output end of the gear steering device (306) in a radial direction of the turntable (301) is connected with the adjusting screw (3062), the adjusting screw (3062) is driven by the rotating hand wheel shaft (3061) through the gear steering device (306) to change the distance between the spindle sliding seat (305) and an adjusting nut (308), and further change the eccentric distance between an axial core of the spindle mechanism (600) and an axial core of the turntable (301).
  7. 7. The mechanical tenon machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the linear motion mechanism (400) comprises a displacement base (401), a first driving component, a second transmission component and an L adjusting component (424) which are all arranged on the displacement base (401), the displacement base (401) is fixedly arranged on the tray (200), the first driving component comprises a reinforcing shaft (409) and a displacement arm (411), one end of the reinforcing shaft (409) is connected with the S roller seat (511), the other end of the reinforcing shaft (409) is connected with one end of the displacement arm (411), the other end of the displacement arm (411) is hinged with the second transmission component, the second driving component comprises an output shaft (447), an L connecting rod (423), one end of the output shaft (447) is in transmission connection with the L roller seat (518), the other end of the output shaft (447) is hinged with one end of the L connecting rod (423) through the L adjusting component (424), the other end of the L connecting rod (423) is connected with the second transmission component, the second transmission component comprises a displacement rack (4422) and the second transmission component comprises a horizontal gear set (445) which is arranged along the displacement direction of the rack (100), the first output gear (4422) is meshed with the output rack (445), and the first driving assembly and the second driving assembly can output power through the second transmission assembly to enable the disc rack (200) to move along the frame (100) in a straight line in cooperation with the spindle mechanism (600).
  8. 8. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 7, wherein the second transmission assembly further comprises a first displacement plate (438), a displacement connecting rod seat (439), a displacement connecting rod (412) and a second displacement plate (436), the first displacement plate (438) is arranged above the displacement connecting rod seat (439) and fixedly connected with the displacement connecting rod seat, the displacement connecting rod seat (439) is arranged above the displacement connecting rod (412) and hinged with the displacement connecting rod seat through a bearing, the displacement connecting rod (412) is arranged above the displacement arm (411) and hinged with the displacement connecting rod seat, the displacement connecting rod seat (439) penetrates through the second displacement plate (436), the second displacement plate (436) is sleeved with the L-shaped connecting rod (423) through a bearing, the first displacement plate (438) is provided with a displacement gear seat (440), the displacement gear set is mounted on the first displacement plate (438) through the displacement gear seat (440), the displacement gear set further comprises an input gear (4421) and a displacement gear shaft (441), the first output gear (22) is mounted on the input gear (4421) and the second gear (437) are meshed with the input gear (4421).
  9. 9. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 8, wherein a fixed guide rail seat (430) is fixed on one side of the upper portion of the displacement base (401), a first guide rail pair (431) and a second guide rail pair (432) are arranged on the fixed guide rail seat (430) in parallel, the first guide rail pair (431) and the second guide rail pair (432) are both composed of two guide rails and a roller bar arranged in the middle, the first guide rail pair (431) and the second guide rail pair (432) are both provided with one guide rail fastened on the fixed guide rail seat (430) through screws, an adjusting guide rail seat (435) is fixed on the other side of the upper portion of the displacement base (401), a third guide rail pair (433) and a fourth guide rail pair (434) are arranged on the adjusting guide rail seat (435) in parallel, the first guide rail pair (431) and the third guide rail pair (433) are horizontally corresponding, the second guide rail pair (432) and the fourth guide rail pair (434) are horizontally corresponding, the third guide rail pair (433) and the fourth guide rail pair (434) are respectively provided with a guide rail strip which is connected with the adjusting guide rail seat (435) through screws, the other guide rail strips of the first guide rail pair (431) and the third guide rail pair (433) are respectively and fixedly arranged at two sides of the bottom of the first displacement plate (438), and the other guide rail strips of the second guide rail pair (432) and the fourth guide rail pair (434) are respectively and fixedly arranged at two sides of the second displacement plate (436).
  10. 10. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 9, wherein the L adjusting assembly (424) comprises an L adjusting seat (414), an L adjusting slide block (416), an L adjusting shaft (419) and an L adjusting screw (417), the bottom of the L adjusting seat (414) is fixedly connected with the output shaft (447), a sliding groove (4142) is formed in the L adjusting seat (414), the L adjusting slide block (416) is slidably connected with the L adjusting seat (414) through the sliding groove (4142), the L adjusting screw (417) can freely rotate and transversely penetrates through the L adjusting slide block (416), one end of the L adjusting screw (417) penetrates into a threaded hole (4143) at the end of the sliding groove (4142) of the L adjusting seat (414), a bevel gear (418) is fixed at the other end of the L adjusting screw, the L adjusting shaft (419) is vertically arranged with the L adjusting slide block (416), a freely rotatable L adjusting bevel gear shaft (420) is sleeved in the L adjusting shaft (419), the L adjusting bevel gear shaft (420) is in sliding connection with the sliding groove (4142), the bevel gear shaft (420) and the L adjusting shaft (418) are meshed with the L adjusting slide block (423) and the second sliding plate (436) to move away from the second linear connecting rod (436) through the second sliding plate (423) and the second linear connecting rod (436), and corresponding displacement distance is made according to the adjusted tenon length.
  11. 11. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 7, further comprising a planetary gear set (520), wherein one input end of the planetary gear set (520) is connected with a second driven wheel shaft (508), a swinging main gear (519) is arranged on the first driven wheel shaft (507), the swinging main gear (519) is connected with the other input end of the planetary gear set (520) sequentially through two transition gears (522), the transition gears (522) are fixed on the multi-layer frame (501) through bearings and shaft cores and can rotate freely, and the output end of the planetary gear set (520) is fixedly connected with the output shaft (447).
  12. 12. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the planetary gear set (520) comprises a planet carrier (521), a planet carrier gear (5211) is arranged outside the planet carrier (521), the swinging main gear (519) drives the transition gear (522) to further drive the planet carrier gear (5211), a sun gear (523) is fixed at the center in the planet carrier (521) through a bearing, the sun gear (523) and the planet carrier (521) can rotate relatively freely, the sun gear (523) is connected with the second driven axle (508), two double-layer planet gears (524) are arranged on the periphery of the center of the planet carrier (521), the sun gear (523) is meshed with lower layer gears of the two double-layer planet gears (524), the output shaft (447) is located at the center of the upper end of the planet carrier (521), a transmission gear (526) is fixed at one end of the output shaft (447), the transmission gear (526) is meshed with upper layer gears of the two double-layer planet gears (524) respectively, and one end (424) of the output shaft (424) extends out of the planet carrier (521) to be connected with the adjusting component (L).
  13. 13. The mechanical tenon machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the spindle mechanism (600) comprises a spindle seat (601) and a spindle motor (613), the spindle motor (613) is installed on the disc frame (200), the spindle seat (601) is arranged on the rotary disc (301) in a penetrating mode, a freely rotatable main cutter shaft (602) is fixedly connected in the spindle seat (601) through a bearing, a cutter bar end of the main cutter shaft (602) penetrates through the spindle sliding seat (305) and the rotary disc (301) and extends out of the disc frame (200), a cutter (603) is installed on the main cutter shaft (602), and the end, far away from the cutter (603), of the cutter is connected with the spindle motor (613) through a transmission belt wheel set.
  14. 14. A method of machining a dovetail using a mechanical dovetail machine according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the steps of: the left end of a cutter (603) of the spindle mechanism (600) moving to a right station is taken as an initial processing point; s1, processing at a right station; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the arc motion mechanism (300) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute arc motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute section A arc machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute linear motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute B-section linear machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the arc motion mechanism (300) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute arc motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute C-section arc machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute linear motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute D-section linear machining; s2, switching from a right station to a left station; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to perform linear motion, the switching from the right station to the left station is performed, and the cutter (603) moves to the right end of the left station; s3, processing a left station; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute linear motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute D-section linear machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the arc motion mechanism (300) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute arc motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute section A arc machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute linear motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute B-section linear machining; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the arc motion mechanism (300) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to execute arc motion, and meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism (600) controls the cutter (603) to rotate to execute C-section arc machining; s4, switching from a left station to a right station; the motion control mechanism (500) controls the linear motion mechanism (400) to drive the main shaft mechanism (600) to perform linear motion, the switching from the right station to the left station is performed, and the cutter (603) moves to the left end of the right station; and S5, judging whether the processing is finished, if so, ending the flow, and otherwise, returning to the step S1.

Description

Mechanical tenon machine and tenon machining method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of mortise machining, in particular to a mechanical tenon machine and a tenon machining method. Background The common mortise and tenon joints in solid wood furniture are common mortise and tenon joints, namely a straight tenon, a square tenon and a round tenon, which are common tenons in simple mortise and tenon joints, wherein the straight tenon is a mortise and tenon joint structure which occupies a relatively large space in the simple mortise and tenon joints. The traditional equipment is difficult to process the 'kidney-shaped tenon' which can be perfectly matched with the 'kidney-shaped tenon' efficiently and economically, and the numerical control tenon machine has high manufacturing cost. Compared with a numerical control tenon machine, the tenon machine with a mechanical structure is realized through a set of pure mechanical system, particularly, the tool path is controlled through pure mechanical structures such as a cam, a connecting rod, a gear and the like, and complex kidney-round motion can be decomposed into a combination of straight line and semicircle, so that tenons are machined on wood, the core mechanism of the tenon machine with the traditional mechanical structure is a straight line adjusting mechanism and an arc adjusting mechanism, the motion distribution is performed through a key component intermittent cam divider, the intermittent cam divider is a power distributor, the continuous rotation of an input shaft can be changed into the intermittent motion of 'motion-pause-motion' of an output shaft, but the cost of the intermittent cam divider is low, and the requirement of enterprises on controlling the production equipment cost can not be met. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defect that the production equipment cost is high due to the fact that an intermittent cam divider is needed to be used for controlling the gap movement of a tenon machine of an existing mechanical structure, and provides a mechanical tenon machine and a tenon machining method. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a mechanical tenon machine is provided, which comprises The rack is connected with a tray rack in a sliding manner along the transverse direction; The main shaft mechanism is used for driving the cutter to rotate and is arranged on the disc frame; The circular arc movement mechanism is used for driving the main shaft mechanism to realize circular arc movement, and is arranged on the disc frame, and the main shaft mechanism penetrates through the circular arc movement mechanism and is connected with the circular arc movement mechanism; The linear motion mechanism is used for driving the main shaft mechanism to realize transverse linear motion, is arranged on the disc frame and acts on the circular arc motion mechanism; The table top adjusting mechanism is arranged on the frame and used for fixing a workpiece to be processed, and the distance and the angle of the workpiece to be processed relative to the spindle mechanism can be adjusted through the table top adjusting mechanism; the motion control mechanism is respectively connected with the linear motion mechanism and the circular arc motion mechanism and used for controlling the motion of the linear motion mechanism and the circular arc motion mechanism and is arranged on the tray frame; the driving gear motor is in transmission connection with the motion control mechanism and is used for outputting the power of linear motion and circular motion; and the motion control mechanism is used for transmitting the power output by the driving gear motor to the linear motion mechanism and the circular arc motion mechanism, so that the main shaft mechanism executes linear or circular arc track output according to a logic sequence. The invention disassembles the shape of a waist circle straight tenon into two sections of straight lines and two semicircular track combinations, specifically provides the power of the straight line motion and the circular arc motion by driving a gear motor, adjusts the distance and the angle of a workpiece to be processed relative to a main shaft mechanism by using a table top adjusting mechanism, controls the path of a cutter and the displacement speed of the motion by using a motion control mechanism, drives the main shaft mechanism by using a circular arc motion mechanism to realize the circular arc motion, executes the processing of the two semicircles, drives the main shaft mechanism by using the straight line motion mechanism to realize the transverse straight line motion, executes the processing of the two sections of straight lines, and forms a cutter path required by processing the waist circle straight tenon after sequential combination. The motion control mechanism comprises a multi-layer frame arranged on the disc frame, a dri