Search

CN-121973301-A - Self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control processing method and device based on wood curvature perception

CN121973301ACN 121973301 ACN121973301 ACN 121973301ACN-121973301-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a wood curvature sensing-based self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control machining method and device, which belong to the technical field of wood rotary groove machining and comprise the following steps of S1, wood feeding and positioning, fixing a square wood to be machined through a self-adaptive clamp, and guaranteeing alignment of the axis of the square wood to be machined with machining references, S2, real-time data acquisition, scanning the front side, the back side and the two sides of the square wood through a plurality of groups of laser displacement sensors, in the method, the plurality of groups of laser displacement sensors are used for acquiring wood curvature and moisture content data with high precision, a customized tool path adapting to irregular deformation of the wood is generated by combining a least square method curvature fitting algorithm, meanwhile, a cutting pressure dynamic compensation mechanism is matched, cutting pressure is stabilized in a reasonable range, groove type thermal expansion and cold contraction deformation is avoided after machining, finally groove type machining precision is up to +/-0.05 mm, the problems of poor machining adaptability and low dimensional consistency of traditional fixed parameters are thoroughly solved, and subsequent assembly difficulty is greatly reduced.

Inventors

  • CHANG MINGFENG

Assignees

  • 常明峰

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260401

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control processing method based on wood curvature perception is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, wood feeding and positioning, namely fixing square wood to be processed through a self-adaptive clamp, and ensuring that the axis of the square wood is aligned with a processing reference; S2, real-time data acquisition, namely scanning the front side, the back side and the two side surfaces of the square by a plurality of groups of laser displacement sensors, acquiring square wood surface curvature data and water content distribution data, wherein the data sampling frequency is more than or equal to 100Hz, and transmitting the acquired data to a numerical control controller; S3, path planning and parameter optimization, wherein a numerical control controller generates a variable-diameter groove-shaped tool path adapting to wood curvature deformation through an algorithm based on collected data, and simultaneously automatically optimizes the parameters of tool rotating speed, feeding quantity and cutting depth; s4, preheating and softening treatment, namely precisely heating a square timber processing area through a preheating module, and dynamically adjusting the heating time according to the water content of the square timber; s5, self-adaptive rotary groove machining, wherein the numerical control controller controls the rotary groove cutter to machine according to the optimized path and parameters, stress data of the cutter are fed back in real time in the machining process, and cutting pressure is dynamically adjusted; S6, cooling and shaping treatment, namely cooling the processed groove type through an atomized water and cold air composite cooling module; And S7, processing detection and blanking, wherein the accuracy of the groove type dimension is detected through a visual detection module, blanking is completed after the accuracy reaches the standard, and the accuracy is fed back to a numerical control controller for parameter correction if the accuracy does not reach the standard.
  2. 2. The method for processing the adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control based on wood curvature perception according to claim 1, wherein the algorithm in the step S3 comprises a data filtering module, a curvature fitting module, a path generating module and a parameter optimizing module, and the curvature fitting adopts a least square method, and the fitting error is less than or equal to 0.02mm.
  3. 3. The method for numerical control machining of the adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove based on wood curvature sensing according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, when the moisture content of square timber is in a range of 10-15%, the heating time of the preheating module is set to be 30-60S.
  4. 4. The wood curvature sensing-based self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control machining device is applied to the machining method of any one of claims 1-3 and is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly (2), a laser data acquisition module (3), a preheating module (4), a rotary groove machining module (5), a cooling shaping module (6), a visual detection module and a numerical control controller, wherein the numerical control controller is respectively and electrically connected with the self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly (2), the laser data acquisition module (3), the preheating module (4), the rotary groove machining module (5), the cooling shaping module (6) and the visual detection module, and is used for receiving data of each module, generating a machining path, optimizing machining parameters and controlling each module to work cooperatively, the visual detection module comprises an industrial camera (7), and the industrial camera (7) is arranged at the side of the cooling shaping module (6).
  5. 5. The method and the device for processing the self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove number control based on wood curvature perception according to claim 4, wherein the self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly (2) comprises: the V-shaped positioning block (201) is slidably connected to a conveying table arranged on the frame (1) and used for clamping wood, the conveying table is slidably connected to a limiting groove formed in the frame (1), and a first pressure sensor is arranged on the inner side of the V-shaped positioning block (201); the bidirectional threaded rod (202) is connected to the conveying table in a penetrating and rotating manner and is used for driving the V-shaped positioning block (201) to move, and the V-shaped positioning block (201) is connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (202) in a threaded manner; the first servo motor (203) is arranged on one side of the conveying table, and one end of the bidirectional threaded rod (202) is fixedly connected with the output end of the first servo motor (203); the first lead screw (204) is rotationally connected to the bottom of the frame (1), and the bottom of the conveying table moves along the first lead screw (204); the second servo motor (205) is arranged at one end of the bottom of the frame (1) through a bolt, and one end of the first screw rod (204) is fixedly connected with the output end of the second servo motor (205).
  6. 6. The method and the device for processing the adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove number control based on wood curvature perception, as claimed in claim 5, are characterized in that the laser data acquisition module (3) comprises: a laser displacement sensor (301) arranged at the side of the self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly (2); The sliding block (302) is used for supporting the laser displacement sensor (301), and the upper end of the laser displacement sensor (301) is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block (302); The locking bolt (303) is connected to the upper end of the sliding block (302) in a threaded penetrating way and used for limiting the sliding block (302); the bracket (304) is arranged on the frame (1) through bolts, and the sliding block (302) penetrates through and is connected to the bracket (304) in a sliding manner.
  7. 7. The method and the device for processing the adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove number control based on wood curvature perception according to claim 6, wherein the preheating module (4) comprises the following components: an infrared heating pipe (401) for preheating wood; the protection shell (402) is sleeved outside the infrared heating pipe (401), and is installed on the frame (1) at the side of the laser data acquisition module (3) through bolts, and a temperature sensor is arranged inside the protection shell (402).
  8. 8. The method and the device for processing the number of the adaptive variable-diameter rotary grooves based on wood curvature perception, as claimed in claim 7, are characterized in that the rotary groove processing module (5) comprises: a cutter assembly (501) arranged laterally of the preheating module (4); a feeding frame (502) for supporting the cutter assembly (501), and a power seat of the cutter assembly (501) is connected in a sliding groove formed in the feeding frame (502) in a sliding way; a second lead screw (503) arranged on one side of the feeding frame (502), and the feeding frame (502) moves along the second lead screw (503); The servo motor III (504) is used for driving the screw rod II (503) to rotate, and the upper end of the screw rod II (503) is fixedly arranged at the output end of the servo motor III (504); The mounting frame (507) is connected to the frame (1) through bolts, the servo motor III (504) is mounted at the upper end of the mounting frame (507), the lower end of the screw rod II (503) is rotationally connected to the mounting frame (507), and the feeding frame (502) is slidably connected to a limiting groove formed in the inner side of the mounting frame (507).
  9. 9. The method and the device for processing the number of the adaptive variable-diameter rotary grooves based on wood curvature perception, as set forth in claim 8, are characterized in that the rotary groove processing module (5) is also provided with an adaptive pressure compensation mechanism, comprising: The tensioning spring (505) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the power seat of the cutter assembly (501) at the lower end and used for adjusting the pressure of the cutter assembly (501), and the power seat is provided with a second pressure sensor; The telescopic cylinder (506) is arranged on the feeding frame (502), and the output end penetrates through the feeding frame (502) and is fixedly connected with the upper end of the tensioning spring (505).
  10. 10. The method and the device for processing the self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove number control based on wood curvature perception according to claim 9, wherein the cooling and shaping module (6) comprises: The cooling rack (601) is mounted on the frame (1) through bolts; the atomizing nozzle (602) is arranged on the cooling frame (601) and is used for cooling the grooved wood; A water pipe (603) penetrating the cooling rack (601) and communicated with the atomizing nozzle (602) for providing water; The air pipe (604) is arranged in the cooling frame (601) in a penetrating way and is used for providing air, a plurality of groups of air outlet holes communicated with the air pipe (604) are formed in the cooling frame (601), and one end of the air pipe (604) is connected to the air cooler; a circulating filtering water tank (605) arranged at the bottom of the frame (1) for recovering cooling water; The water pump (606) is arranged on one side of the circulating filtration water tank (605), the water inlet end penetrates through the circulating filtration water tank (605), and the water outlet end is connected with one end of the water pipe (603).

Description

Self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control processing method and device based on wood curvature perception Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of wood rotary groove processing, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control processing method and device based on wood curvature sensing. Background In the field of wood processing, particularly in the working procedure of rotary groove processing of special-shaped square timber, the wood inevitably has natural defects of natural curvature deformation, uneven water content distribution and the like due to growth characteristics, and extremely high requirements are placed on the accuracy and consistency of groove processing. The feeding mechanism and the cutter path of the existing rotary groove processing device are mostly preset fixed values, equipment parameters are required to be manually adjusted according to the nominal specification of the wood before processing, real-time curvature change of the wood cannot be responded in the processing process, the depth and width of a groove are easily caused by fixed path processing on square wood with curvature deformation, the degree of fit of the groove to the surface of the wood is insufficient, and the problems that the wood is cracked due to deep local cutting or unqualified processing due to shallow cutting occur. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a wood curvature perception-based self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control processing method and device, so as to solve the problems in the background art. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the self-adaptive diameter-changing rotary groove numerical control processing method based on wood curvature sensing comprises the following steps: S1, wood feeding and positioning, namely fixing square wood to be processed through a self-adaptive clamp, and ensuring that the axis of the square wood is aligned with a processing reference; S2, real-time data acquisition, namely scanning the front side, the back side and the two side surfaces of the square by a plurality of groups of laser displacement sensors, acquiring square wood surface curvature data and water content distribution data, wherein the data sampling frequency is more than or equal to 100Hz, and transmitting the acquired data to a numerical control controller; S3, path planning and parameter optimization, wherein a numerical control controller generates a variable-diameter groove-shaped tool path adapting to wood curvature deformation through an algorithm based on collected data, and simultaneously automatically optimizes the parameters of tool rotating speed, feeding quantity and cutting depth; s4, preheating and softening treatment, namely precisely heating a square timber processing area through a preheating module, and dynamically adjusting the heating time according to the water content of the square timber; s5, self-adaptive rotary groove machining, wherein the numerical control controller controls the rotary groove cutter to machine according to the optimized path and parameters, stress data of the cutter are fed back in real time in the machining process, and cutting pressure is dynamically adjusted; S6, cooling and shaping treatment, namely cooling the processed groove type through an atomized water and cold air composite cooling module; And S7, processing detection and blanking, wherein the accuracy of the groove type dimension is detected through a visual detection module, blanking is completed after the accuracy reaches the standard, and the accuracy is fed back to a numerical control controller for parameter correction if the accuracy does not reach the standard. As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the algorithm in the step S3 comprises a data filtering module, a curvature fitting module, a path generating module and a parameter optimizing module, wherein the curvature fitting adopts a least square method, and the fitting error is less than or equal to 0.02mm. As a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, in the step S4, when the moisture content of the square lumber is in the range of 10-15%, the heating time of the preheating module is set to be 30-60S. The technical scheme is further preferable that the self-adaptive variable-diameter rotary groove numerical control machining device based on wood curvature sensing comprises a frame, a self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly, a laser data acquisition module, a preheating module, a rotary groove machining module, a cooling shaping module, a visual detection module and a numerical control controller, wherein the numerical control controller is respectively and electrically connected with the self-adaptive positioning clamp assembly, the laser data acquisition module, the preheating module, the rotary groove machining module, the cooling