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CN-121973959-A - Shear type unlocking and separating device, dynamic testing system and unlocking force control method

CN121973959ACN 121973959 ACN121973959 ACN 121973959ACN-121973959-A

Abstract

The invention provides a shear type unlocking and separating device, a dynamic testing system and an unlocking force control method. The device comprises an unlocking bolt, a shearing protection sleeve and an auxiliary mechanism, wherein the unlocking bolt comprises a first threaded section, an unlocking separation section and a second threaded section, two weakening grooves which extend obliquely towards the same direction are formed in the unlocking separation section, through holes are formed in the tail ends of one sides, close to each other, of the two weakening grooves, a distance l is formed between the two through holes, an included angle beta is formed between the two weakening grooves and the axis of the unlocking separation section, an included angle alpha is formed between the connecting line of the two through holes and the radial line of the unlocking separation section, the two weakening grooves penetrate through the unlocking separation section, high-strength filler is filled in the weakening grooves, the shearing protection sleeve is sleeved on the unlocking separation section, and the auxiliary mechanism is in threaded connection with the second threaded section. The invention can realize quick response and accurate control of unlocking force, and simultaneously has no harmful gas generated in the separation process, and has better economic and environmental benefits.

Inventors

  • YAO SHUJIAN
  • WANG YANJING

Assignees

  • 中南大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260407

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The shearing type unlocking and separating device comprises an unlocking bolt (1) and is characterized by further comprising a shearing protective sleeve (2) and an auxiliary mechanism (3), wherein the unlocking bolt (1) comprises a first threaded section (11), an unlocking and separating section (12) and a second threaded section (13) which are sequentially connected, two weakening grooves (121) are oppositely formed in the unlocking and separating section (12), the two weakening grooves (121) obliquely extend along the same direction, through holes (122) are formed in the tail ends of one sides, close to each other, of the two weakening grooves (121), the through holes (122) radially penetrate through the unlocking and separating section (12), and a space is formed between the two through holes (122) An included angle beta is formed between the weakening groove (121) and the axis of the unlocking separation section (12), an included angle alpha is formed between the connecting line of the two through holes (122) and the radial line of the unlocking separation section (12), and one end, away from each other, of the two weakening grooves (121) penetrates through the unlocking separation section (12), and high-strength filler (124) is filled in the weakening grooves (121); The shear protection sleeve (2) is sleeved on the unlocking separation section (12), the auxiliary mechanism (3) is in threaded connection with the second threaded section (13), and the auxiliary mechanism (3) limits the position of the shear protection sleeve (2) on the unlocking bolt (1).
  2. 2. Shear type unlocking separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unlocking separation section (12) is square, the weakening groove (121) is arranged in n-shape on the unlocking separation section (12) of the direction, the n-shaped openings of the two weakening grooves (121) are arranged close to each other.
  3. 3. Shear-type unlocking and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary mechanism (3) comprises a nylon washer (31), a flat washer (32), a conical washer (33), a spring washer (34) and a nut (35) which are arranged in sequence, wherein the nylon washer (31) is abutted on the shear protection sleeve (2), and the nut (35) is in threaded connection with the second thread section (13).
  4. 4. Shear-type unlocking separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that two of the weakening grooves (121) are arranged offset in the axial direction of the unlocking separation section (12).
  5. 5. The utility model provides a dynamic test system, includes pressure vessel (41), its characterized in that still include install in through adapter flange (43) simulation transmitting tube (45) on pressure vessel (41), be equipped with simulation transmitting load (46) in simulation transmitting tube (45), run through on adapter flange (43) and simulation transmitting tube (45) and be equipped with a plurality of shearing unblock separator according to any one of claims 1-4, shearing unblock separator's first screw thread section (11) connect in on simulation transmitting load (46), be connected with axial tension sensor (44) on second screw thread section (13), be equipped with butterfly valve (42) between pressure vessel (41) and adapter flange (43).
  6. 6. An unlocking force control method using the shear type unlocking separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: step one, calculating unlocking force F N of the unlocking separation section (12) according to structural parameters of the weakening groove (121); step two, establishing an unlocking force coupling model according to the calculated unlocking force F N ; step three, the material and unlocking force control parameter set of the unlocking separation section (12) are initially determined, and a correction coefficient value is taken to correct the unlocking force F N ; Step four, a finite element power model is established according to the initial set of unlocking force control parameters, and a corrected unlocking force F N is applied to the model until the unlocking separation section (12) breaks; and fifthly, trial manufacturing the unlocking bolt (1) according to the unlocking force control parameter set obtained in the step four, obtaining the corresponding relation between the stress concentration coefficient K and alpha, and generating K value prediction tables under different included angles alpha.
  7. 7. The unlock force control method according to claim 6, wherein in step one, the expression of the unlock force F N is: , wherein K is a stress concentration coefficient at the through hole (122); for unlocking the shear force required by the separation section (12), the unit is N, and mu is the stress dispersion correction coefficient of the high-strength filler (124); Wherein, the The expression of (2) is: , In the formula, In order to unlock the shear failure strength of the material of the separation section (12), the unit is MPa; for unlocking the tensile strength of the material of the separation section (12), the unit is MPa; The shear damage sectional area of the unlocking separation section (12) is m 2 ; The determination formula is: , Wherein r is the radius of the through hole (122) and is in mm, d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section (12) and is in mm; The expression of μ is as follows: , Wherein E f is the elastic modulus of the high-strength filler (124), the unit GPa, and E b is the elastic modulus of the bolt material, the unit GPa.
  8. 8. The unlock force control method according to claim 6, wherein in step three, the unlock force F N is corrected according to the following formula: , determination of the material of the unlocking separation section (12) according to the preliminary selection The value r is the radius of the through hole (122), the unit mm, d is the thickness of the unlocking separation section (12), the unit mm, E f is the elastic modulus of the high-strength filler (124), the unit GPa, E b is the elastic modulus of the bolt material, the unit GPa is K=1, and the unlocking force F N is corrected.
  9. 9. The unlocking force control method according to claim 6, wherein in the fourth step, a piecewise linear plastic model is adopted to simulate the mechanical behavior of the unlocking separation section (12) material, a nominal stress-strain curve is obtained through a static tensile test and is converted into a real stress-strain curve, and a finite element grid model is built according to the real stress-strain curve.
  10. 10. The unlock force control method of claim 6, wherein said stress concentration factor K value prediction table is as follows: 。

Description

Shear type unlocking and separating device, dynamic testing system and unlocking force control method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of emission, in particular to a shear type unlocking and separating device, a dynamic testing system and an unlocking force control method. Background The explanation separating device is a key component in the aerospace field, and is widely applied to tasks such as fairing separation, spacecraft cabin connection, solar sailboard compression and unlocking and the like, and the performance of the explanation separating device directly influences the reliability and safety of spacecraft task execution. In the prior art, the initiating explosive device is mainly driven by explosion or combustion to unlock (such as CN115355771A, CN 108980156A), and has the characteristics of large locking force, quick response and the like, but can generate transient, high-frequency and high-vibration-level separation shock waves, which do not damage the structure of a spacecraft, but damage electronic elements and precise equipment sensitive to the internal environment, and have obvious limitations along with the generation of polluted gas. The non-initiating explosive device gradually becomes a research hot spot due to the advantages of being capable of remarkably reducing separation shock waves, flexible in structure, reusable, free of pollution and the like. The existing non-initiating explosive device is mainly provided with annular weakening grooves (such as CN 105610000A) on bolts, and has the following problems: under dynamic impact, the unlocking force of the metal material is far greater than a design value due to the strain rate strengthening effect, the strain rate sensitivity effect is obvious, and the precision is insufficient; Secondly, a necking process exists before breaking of the stretch-breaking bolt, so that unlocking delay is caused, the response precision and safety of the system are affected, and strict requirements of a complex task on a separation process are difficult to meet; And thirdly, fatigue cracks are easily generated at the cutting seam (notch) due to stress concentration, the long-term use reliability is insufficient, the influence of structural details on unlocking force is not considered in the mechanical model, and the prediction precision is required to be improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a shearing type unlocking and separating device, a dynamic testing system and an unlocking force control method, which realize quick response and accurate unlocking force control, and simultaneously, no harmful gas is generated in the separating process, so that the economic and environmental benefits are good. The shearing type unlocking and separating device comprises an unlocking bolt, a shearing protective sleeve and an auxiliary mechanism, wherein the unlocking bolt comprises a first threaded section, an unlocking and separating section and a second threaded section which are sequentially connected, two weakening grooves are oppositely formed in the unlocking and separating section, the two weakening grooves extend obliquely along the same direction, through holes are formed in the tail ends of one sides, close to each other, of the two weakening grooves, the through holes radially penetrate through the unlocking and separating section, and a space is formed between the two through holesThe axis of the weakening groove and the axis of the unlocking separation section form an included angle beta, the connecting line of the two through holes and the radial line of the unlocking separation section form an included angle alpha, and one end of the two weakening grooves, which are far away from each other, penetrates through the unlocking separation section; the shear protecting sleeve is sleeved on the unlocking separation section, the auxiliary mechanism is in threaded connection with the second threaded section, and the auxiliary mechanism limits the position of the shear protecting sleeve on the unlocking bolt. In the scheme, the unlocking separation section is designed into two inclined sections of unconnected weakening grooves, and through holes are formed in the end parts of the weakening grooves, so that the connection strength under the action of a certain impact load can be realized, and the unlocking separation section can be broken under a specific condition, so that the purpose of unlocking is achieved. Preferably, the unlocking separation section is square, the weakening groove is arranged on the unlocking separation section in the direction in an n-shape, and n-shaped openings of the two weakening grooves are arranged close to each other. Preferably, the auxiliary mechanism comprises a nylon gasket, a flat gasket, a conical gasket, a spring gasket and a nut which are sequentially arranged, wherein the nylon gasket is abutted to the shearing protection sleeve, and the nut is in threaded connection wit