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CN-121974334-A - Method for preparing hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres by taking raw biomass as raw material through one-step method, application and supercapacitor electrode

CN121974334ACN 121974334 ACN121974334 ACN 121974334ACN-121974334-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano carbon material preparation, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a hierarchical porous hollow carbon nano sphere by taking original biomass as a raw material through a one-step method, application and a supercapacitor electrode, comprising the following steps of 1, raw material preparation, namely cleaning and drying at least one raw biomass raw material, mixing with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1-1:5, and uniformly grinding to obtain mixed powder; and 2, carrying out one-step pyrolysis, namely placing the mixed powder into a tube furnace under the protection of inert atmosphere, heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 1-6 hours at the temperature, and naturally cooling to room temperature, and 3, collecting a product, namely taking out the pyrolyzed product to obtain the multistage hole hollow carbon nanospheres, and applying the multistage hole hollow carbon nanospheres to electrode materials of super capacitors. The invention provides a method for preparing the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres, which is simple in process, environment-friendly and low in cost.

Inventors

  • WANG MINGXI
  • WU LING
  • PAN BIN

Assignees

  • 扬州碳慧新材料科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260209

Claims (7)

  1. 1. A method for preparing a hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanosphere by taking original biomass as a raw material through a one-step method is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, raw material preparation, namely cleaning and drying at least one raw biomass raw material, mixing the raw material with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1-1:5, and grinding uniformly to obtain mixed powder, wherein the raw biomass is natural biomass which is not subjected to any chemical treatment and is one or more selected from rice hulls, reed stems, sycamore fruit fibers, flax fibers and walnut shells; Step 2, one-step pyrolysis, namely placing the mixed powder into a tube furnace under the protection of inert atmosphere, heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃ per minute, preserving heat at the temperature for 1-6 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; and 3, collecting a product, namely taking out the pyrolyzed product to obtain the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres by using the raw biomass as the raw material and the application and the supercapacitor electrode according to claim 1, wherein the raw biomass contains 1-10wt% of silicon dioxide.
  3. 3. The method for preparing the hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres according to claim 3, wherein the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon.
  4. 4. The method for preparing the hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres according to claim 1, wherein the grinding time of the mixed powder is 10-30 minutes, and the rotating speed is 20000-40000r/min.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres according to claim 4, wherein the prepared hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres have the following characteristics: the hollow spherical shell has a uniform hollow spherical shell structure, the outer diameter is 60-100nm, and the shell thickness is about 20nm; the porous ceramic material has a multistage pore structure, contains abundant micropores and mesopores, and has a specific surface area of 500-2000m 2 /g; The higher the silica content, the greater the specific surface area and Kong Rongyue of the resulting product, determined by the silica content in the original biomass.
  6. 6. The hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanosphere prepared by the method for preparing a hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanosphere according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the application in supercapacitor electrode materials; the multistage hole hollow carbon nanospheres are mixed with conductive carbon black and a binder according to the mass ratio of (85-95) (3-10) (2-8) to prepare slurry, and the slurry is coated on a current collector and dried to prepare the working electrode.
  7. 7. A supercapacitor electrode is characterized in that an active material of the supercapacitor electrode comprises the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres prepared by the method for preparing the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres according to any one of claims 1-5.

Description

Method for preparing hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres by taking raw biomass as raw material through one-step method, application and supercapacitor electrode Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of nano carbon material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanosphere by a one-step method by taking original biomass as a raw material, application and a supercapacitor electrode. Background The Hollow Carbon Nanospheres (HCNSs) have important application values in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, adsorption and the like due to the unique spherical cavity structure, the high specific surface area, the adjustable pore structure and the excellent conductivity. At present, the preparation method of the Hollow Carbon Nanospheres (HCNSs) mainly comprises a hard template method and a soft template method. The hard template method has complicated steps and usually involves the use of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid or strong alkali to remove the template, while the soft template method is easy to remove the template, but the product has difficult particle size control and single pore structure. In addition, the existing method mostly adopts chemically synthesized carbon precursors such as polymers, saccharides and the like, has high cost and complex process, and does not accord with the sustainable development trend of green. In recent years, the preparation of carbon materials from biomass has become a research hotspot, but most researches still use treated secondary biomass such as glucose, sucrose, dopamine and the like as raw materials, and the preparation process still requires templates or complex activation steps. At present, no report of directly taking raw biomass which is not subjected to any chemical treatment as a raw material and preparing the multi-level hollow carbon nanospheres through a one-step method is seen, and therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing the multi-level hollow carbon nanospheres by taking raw biomass as a raw material through a one-step method, application and a supercapacitor electrode. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a multi-level hole hollow carbon nanosphere by taking original biomass as a raw material through a one-step method, application and a supercapacitor electrode, and provides a method for preparing the multi-level hole hollow carbon nanosphere, which is simple in process, environment-friendly and low in cost. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanosphere by a one-step method by taking original biomass as a raw material comprises the following steps: Step 1, raw material preparation, namely cleaning and drying at least one raw biomass raw material, mixing the raw material with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder according to a mass ratio of 1:1-1:5, and grinding uniformly to obtain mixed powder, wherein the raw biomass is natural biomass which is not subjected to any chemical treatment and is one or more selected from rice hulls, reed stems, sycamore fruit fibers, flax fibers and walnut shells; Step 2, one-step pyrolysis, namely placing the mixed powder into a tube furnace under the protection of inert atmosphere, heating to 800-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-10 ℃ per minute, preserving heat at the temperature for 1-6 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; and 3, collecting a product, namely taking out the pyrolyzed product to obtain the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres. Further, the raw biomass contains 1-10wt% silica. Further, the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon. Further, the grinding time of the mixed powder is 10-30 minutes, and the rotating speed is 20000-40000r/min. Further, the prepared hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres have the following characteristics: the hollow spherical shell has a uniform hollow spherical shell structure, the outer diameter is 60-100nm, and the shell thickness is about 20nm; the porous ceramic material has a multistage pore structure, contains abundant micropores and mesopores, and has a specific surface area of 500-2000m 2/g; The higher the silica content, the greater the specific surface area and Kong Rongyue of the resulting product, determined by the silica content in the original biomass. Application of the hierarchical pore hollow carbon nanospheres in supercapacitor electrode materials; The multistage hole hollow carbon nanospheres are mixed with conductive carbon black and a binder according to the mass ratio of (85-95) (3-10) (2-8) to prepare slurry, the slurry is coated on a current collector and dried to prepare a working electrode, the binder is polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE emulsion, and the working electrode shows excellent specific capacitance, high rate performance and cycle stability in alkaline electrolyte, such as 6MKOH. An electrode of a