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CN-121974375-A - Method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas

CN121974375ACN 121974375 ACN121974375 ACN 121974375ACN-121974375-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by using carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas, belonging to the technical field of hydrogen cyanide production. The method comprises the steps of contacting ammonia gas with carbon-containing solid heated to a reaction temperature to generate gas-solid reaction, and generating high-temperature gas containing hydrogen cyanide. The invention changes the technical route that the existing hydrogen cyanide production technology mainly depends on gaseous hydrocarbon carbon sources, noble metal catalysts and external combustion heat supply, and solves the problems of limited raw material sources, easy deactivation of the catalysts, slow process start-stop response and the like.

Inventors

  • LIU QINGYA
  • LI CHEN
  • LIU ZHENYU

Assignees

  • 北京化工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260306

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas, which is characterized in that ammonia gas contacts carbon-containing solid heated to reaction temperature to generate gas-solid reaction to generate gas containing hydrogen cyanide.
  2. 2. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from a carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas of claim 1, wherein electromagnetic induction is used to generate eddy currents within the carbon-containing solid that directly heat the carbon-containing solid to the reaction temperature.
  3. 3. The method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 2, wherein the frequency of electromagnetic induction is between 10 and 2000 kHz.
  4. 4. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from a carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 1, wherein the residence time of the ammonia in the reactor of the reaction is from 0.01 to 1 s.
  5. 5. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from a carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 1, wherein the carbon-containing solid comprises one or more of petroleum coke, metallurgical coke, coal coke, biomass char, graphite, or graphitized products of a carbon-containing feedstock; the shape of the carbonaceous solid includes one or more of a particulate, a honeycomb, and a foam.
  6. 6. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from a carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 5, wherein the particulate form comprises one or more of a block form, a column form, or a sphere form.
  7. 7. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from carbon-containing solid and ammonia according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the volume of the carbon-containing solid single particles is 2.5-10 cm 3 .
  8. 8. The method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 1000-2000 ℃.
  9. 9. The method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from carbon-containing solid and ammonia of claim 1, wherein the conductivity of the carbon-containing solid is 10-10000S/m.
  10. 10. The method of synthesizing hydrogen cyanide from carbon-containing solid and ammonia according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen cyanide-containing gas is cooled rapidly to suppress side reactions while recovering heat.

Description

Method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen cyanide production, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas. Background Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is an important basic chemical raw material and is widely applied to the synthesis of adiponitrile, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate and the production of various medicines, pesticides and high polymer materials. Because of its critical role in the downstream industrial chain, the development of efficient, stable and economical hydrogen cyanide production technology has been a focus of attention in the art. The current main routes for industrially producing hydrogen cyanide are the Ann method and the BMA method. These processes typically use methane or other lower hydrocarbons as a carbon source and react with ammonia at elevated temperatures to form hydrogen cyanide. To obtain adequate reaction rates and selectivities, the above-described processes are generally run at temperatures above 1000 ℃ and rely on noble metal (Pt, ag) catalysts or high performance catalytic systems to sustain the reaction. The prior art has improved in several ways with respect to the problem of catalyst susceptibility to sintering, carbon deposition or poisoning deactivation at high temperatures. For example, chinese patent application CN1756721A, CN107073452A, et al, improves the reaction uniformity by optimizing the catalyst composition to extend the service life, chinese patent application CN104016375a, improves the overall energy utilization efficiency by enhancing waste heat recovery by improving the gas mixer structure. However, these improvements still use gaseous hydrocarbons as carbon sources, all of which rely on catalytic systems, and have failed to radically alter the feed structure and reaction pattern for hydrogen cyanide synthesis. The carbonaceous solids such as coke, biomass charcoal and the like are widely available, have sufficient reserves, are cheap and relatively stable. If a novel hydrogen cyanide reaction path and method using carbon-containing solid as a carbon source can be developed, high-efficiency thermal management and reaction enhancement can be realized, the existing process can be overturned, and dependence of hydrogen cyanide preparation on gaseous hydrocarbon raw materials and noble metal catalysts can be eliminated. In view of this, the present application has been made. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by using carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas, which does not need a catalyst, changes the technical route that the existing hydrogen cyanide production mainly depends on gaseous hydrocarbon carbon sources, noble metal catalysts and external combustion heat supply, and solves the problems of limited sources of raw materials, easy deactivation of the catalysts, slow process start-stop response and the like in the existing hydrogen cyanide production technology. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following technical scheme: The invention provides a method for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide by using carbon-containing solid and ammonia gas, wherein the ammonia gas contacts the carbon-containing solid heated to the reaction temperature to generate gas-solid reaction, and high-temperature gas containing hydrogen cyanide is generated. The reaction can be carried out in an inorganic material reaction tube, the carbon-containing solid is placed in the reaction tube, eddy current is generated in the reaction tube through electromagnetic induction, and the reaction tube directly heats to high temperature. The generated high-temperature gas containing hydrogen cyanide is cooled by quenching, so that side reaction is inhibited to improve the yield of hydrogen cyanide, and heat is recovered, so that the high-temperature gas containing hydrogen cyanide can be used for preheating ammonia gas and improving the overall heat efficiency. The method can realize the accurate control of the heating rate and the final temperature of the carbon-containing solid by adjusting the output power and the frequency of electromagnetic induction. The method can adopt a continuous operation mode, ammonia gas is continuously introduced into the reaction tube and is contacted with high-temperature carbon to react, and the generated product gas is continuously discharged. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The invention adopts carbon-containing solid as a carbon source for synthesizing hydrogen cyanide, has wide and stable raw material source, is cheap and easy to obtain, and reduces the dependence on gaseous hydrocarbon carbon sources. (2) The invention does not need noble metal catalyst, has no catalyst cost and no catalyst deactivation problem. (3) The high temperat