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CN-121974428-A - Solar-driven photo-thermal electric cogeneration system and preparation method thereof

CN121974428ACN 121974428 ACN121974428 ACN 121974428ACN-121974428-A

Abstract

The invention provides a solar-driven photo-thermal electric cogeneration system and a preparation method thereof, wherein Fe 3 O 4 and MAX phase materials are combined through unique material design, and then are coupled with super-hydrophobic SiO 2 , so that the super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal composite material is prepared. The composite material is sprayed on the hot end of the thermoelectric module to efficiently absorb solar energy. And the cold ends of the thermoelectric modules are respectively connected with a foam copper radiator and a water delivery channel made of melamine sponge materials. On the one hand, the waste heat transferred to the cold end can be used for sea water evaporation, on the other hand, the water evaporation can further reduce the temperature of the cold end and form continuous temperature difference with the hot end, and finally, the efficient solar-driven cogeneration is achieved. The design not only realizes multifunctional integration and greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency, but also provides a brand new idea for the research and development and application of the sea water desalination coupling electric energy production system.

Inventors

  • XIE YI
  • ZHANG HELONG

Assignees

  • 武汉理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260114

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A solar-driven photo-thermal electric power generation system is characterized by comprising a thermoelectric module, a foam copper radiator and an evaporator support body with a water delivery channel, wherein a super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal coating is sprayed on the hot end of the thermoelectric module, the cold end of the thermoelectric module is connected with the upper end of the foam copper radiator, the lower end of the foam copper radiator is connected with the evaporator support body, and the evaporator support body is made of a melamine sponge porous grid structure anchored by MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particles.
  2. 2. The solar-driven photo-thermal electric cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric module is a seebeck thermoelectric power generation sheet, the water contact angle of the super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal coating is 155.7 degrees, the rolling angle is 1.5 degrees, the thickness of the foam copper radiator is 1-10 mm, and the aperture is 300-1200 μm.
  3. 3. The solar-driven optothermal and electrical cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the evaporator support is comprised of a base and a plurality of water delivery channels disposed above the base, each of the water delivery channels being in communication with the base, and wherein the height of the evaporator support above the water surface is greater than 0 and no more than 10mm.
  4. 4. A method of manufacturing a solar-driven cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: S10, spraying the superhydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal coating on the hot end of the thermoelectric module; And S20, connecting the cold end of the thermoelectric module with the upper end of the foam copper radiator through heat conducting glue, and connecting the lower end of the foam copper radiator with the evaporator support body to finally obtain the solar-driven photo-thermal electric cogeneration system, wherein the evaporator support body is made of a MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particle anchored melamine sponge porous grid structure.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a solar-driven combined solar-thermal-electric power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the step S10 specifically comprises the following steps: s101, stirring and dissolving resin in an organic solvent to obtain resin-based primer dispersion; S102, dispersing MAX phase material and Fe 3 O 4 in alcohol solution by ultrasonic, then sequentially adding alkali liquor and organic silicon compound, and carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 dispersion liquid modified by hydroxyl; S103, adding a low surface energy modifier into the hydroxyl modified MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 dispersion liquid, and continuously stirring and reacting to obtain the super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal composite material; And S104, sequentially spraying the resin-based primer dispersion liquid and the super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal composite material dispersion liquid on the hot end of the thermoelectric module, so that the super-hydrophobic MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 photo-thermal coating is sprayed on the hot end of the thermoelectric module.
  6. 6. The method for preparing a solar-driven electro-optical-thermal power cogeneration system according to claim 5, wherein in the step S101, the resin is at least one of alkyd resin, polypropylene resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, fluorocarbon resin and polyurethane, and the organic solvent is any one of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and methyl acetate.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the solar-driven optical-thermal-electrical cogeneration system according to claim 5, wherein in the step S102, MAX phase material is a layered structure with the particle size of 20-50 μm, the layered structure is at least one of Ti 3 AlC 2 、Ti 3 AlCN、Ti 2 AlC、Ti 2 AlN、V 2 AlC、Nb 2 AlC、Ta 2 AlC、Cr 2 AlC、Ti 3 SnC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 , the particle size of Fe 3 O 4 is 100-500 nm, the alcohol solution comprises organic ethanol, the solid-to-liquid ratio of MAX phase material, fe 3 O 4 and the alcohol solution is (0.5-3) g (0.1-2) g (10-20) ml, the alkali solution is NaOH solution, KOH solution or ammonia water, the concentration of the NaOH solution and KOH solution is 1-1.8 mol/L, the concentration of ammonia water is 25-29 wt%, the organic silicon compound is any one of methyl silicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, propyl silicate and butyl silicate, the volume ratio of the alkali solution and the organic silicon compound is (1-1.5): 5, and the reaction time of the hydrolysis reaction is 12-48 h.
  8. 8. The method for preparing a solar-driven optical-thermal-electrical cogeneration system according to claim 5, wherein in the step S103, the low surface energy modifier comprises at least one of hexamethyldisilazane, trimethoxy (1H, 2H-heptadecafluorodecyl) silane and triethoxy-1H, 2H-tridecafluoron-octyl silane, the volume ratio of the organosilicon compound to the low surface energy modifier is 1 (1-2), the mass ratio of MAX phase material to Fe 3 O 4 to the organosilicon compound to the low surface energy modifier is 0.5-3, (0.1-2): 1.88 (1.54-3.08), and the reaction time of the stirring reaction is 4-24 h.
  9. 9. The method for manufacturing a solar-driven combined solar-thermal-electric power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the foam copper radiator in the step S20 is manufactured by a template freezing casting method, and the method for manufacturing the foam copper radiator comprises the following steps: Uniformly adhering copper powder with the average diameter of 75 mu m to the surfaces of K 2 CO 3 particles with the average diameter of 300-1200 mu m by using ethanol as an adhesive to obtain mixed powder, wherein the volume fraction of the K 2 CO 3 powder is 50% -85%; pouring the mixed powder into a mould, and compacting under 200MPa to obtain a compacted block; And taking the compacted block out of the die, putting the compacted block into a vacuum furnace, sintering for 30-60 min at 850 ℃, and then raising the temperature to 950 ℃ to further sinter for 2-4 h to obtain the foam copper radiator.
  10. 10. The method for manufacturing a solar-driven cogeneration system according to claim 5, wherein said method for manufacturing said evaporator support in step S20 comprises: firstly, mixing the hydroxyl modified MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 dispersion liquid with a dopamine solution, and stirring and reacting under a weak alkaline condition to promote the surfaces of MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particles to form a polydopamine adhesion layer; Then glutaraldehyde is added as a cross-linking agent, aldehyde groups are utilized to react with polydopamine amino groups and hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particles, and then a dispersion liquid with a covalent cross-linking network is formed; Subsequently, immersing melamine sponge into the dispersion liquid with the covalent cross-linked network to obtain the MAX-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 particle anchored melamine sponge porous grid structure; Finally, cutting the melamine sponge porous mesh structure by using a cutter, thereby obtaining the evaporator support with different fractal structures.

Description

Solar-driven photo-thermal electric cogeneration system and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal water cogeneration, in particular to a solar-driven photo-thermal water cogeneration system and a preparation method thereof. Background Fresh water resource shortage has evolved into a global problem, and particularly in arid coastal areas and islands, sea water desalination becomes a core way for guaranteeing water supply safety. Traditional mainstream sea water desalination technologies, like reverse osmosis and multistage flash distillation, can achieve large-scale fresh water production but expose significant drawbacks. The reverse osmosis method relies on high-voltage power to drive, the energy consumption is extremely high, the membrane components are easy to be polluted, the multistage flash evaporation needs to continuously supply medium-low temperature heat energy, and generally depends on a fossil fuel boiler, so that the operation cost is high, and the carbon emission is greatly increased. In addition, the prior art is difficult to be applied to remote electricity shortage areas, and the popularization of sustainable fresh water supply is severely restricted. Therefore, there is no need to develop a seawater desalination technology with low energy consumption, low carbon emission and off-grid operation characteristics. In the large context of global energy conversion, power demand continues to rise, however, about 7.8 million populations still face the difficult situation of no or no electricity, especially in developing countries and off-grid areas. The traditional thermal power generation relies on fossil energy, so that the problems of greenhouse gas emission and resource exhaustion are further aggravated. Renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic have clean advantages, but high-cost energy storage systems are required to be equipped due to the characteristic of intermittent power generation. In the existing solar power generation technology, the photovoltaic module can only utilize about 15-20% of partial spectral energy, the waste heat can reduce the efficiency, and the photo-thermal power generation can realize heat energy storage, but has the advantages of complex system, higher investment threshold and difficulty in meeting the actual requirements of distributed energy sources. Aiming at the water-electricity double crisis, the solar-driven photo-thermal sea water desalination and power generation co-production technology becomes a breakthrough direction. For example, how to build waves and the like (Chinese patent CN 119391222A) adopts a hydrophobic coating made of multi-wall carbon nano tubes and polydimethylsiloxane to cover the hot end of a thermoelectric module for heating, an aluminum radiator with good heat conductivity is used below the thermoelectric module for transferring heat to an evaporation area, and the evaporation area is made of chitosan and waterborne polyurethane through crosslinking to prepare aerogel, so that evaporation enthalpy is reduced, effective evaporation is realized, heat is taken away, cold end temperature is reduced, and finally power generation and evaporation efficiency are cooperatively improved. Although full spectrum utilization of solar energy can synchronously realize Gao Rezhi-band power generation and water production in a middle-low heat value band, the conventional system still has a plurality of limitations. Firstly, a single function system (only generating power or only desalting) causes low solar energy utilization rate and cannot realize step recovery of waste heat, secondly, the coupling between photo-thermal and desalting modules is not tight enough, the heat transfer loss is large, and the power peak regulation capability is lacking, thirdly, the distributed integrated design is deficient, and the distributed integrated system is difficult to adapt to miniaturized and mobile application scenes. Therefore, the development of a highly-synergistic solar energy 'light-heat-electricity-water' co-production system is urgently needed, the energy conversion efficiency and the fresh water yield are synchronously improved by means of spectrum frequency division, heat energy cascade utilization and modularized integration, and an innovative scheme is provided for sustainable water-electricity co-treatment. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, and provides a solar-driven photo-thermal power cogeneration system and a preparation method thereof, which solve a series of problems in the prior art, such as low energy utilization efficiency, poor system integration level, difficulty in adapting to complex application scenes and the like in the field of sea water desalination and power generation, and realize efficient and sustainable photo-thermal power cogeneration through innovative system design and preparation process. In order t