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CN-121974725-A - Multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid wastes and preparation method thereof

CN121974725ACN 121974725 ACN121974725 ACN 121974725ACN-121974725-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic functional materials and solid waste recycling, and discloses a multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid waste and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multifunctional composite material comprises the following steps of S1, mixing and ball milling calcined coal gangue, pre-activated steel slag, coal ash and slag until the specific surface area is more than or equal to 600m 2 /kg to obtain multiple solid waste components, S2, carrying out surface modification treatment on a mixture of nano TiO 2 and nano SiO 2 by using a silane coupling agent to obtain modified nano functional components, S3, mixing the modified nano functional components prepared in the step S2 with a 50% alkali activator solution, carrying out ultrasonic-microwave synergistic dispersion to form stable nano functional slurry, S4, carrying out dry mixing on the multiple solid waste components prepared in the step S1 and a phase change humidity regulating material under a vacuum condition, then adding the nano functional slurry prepared in the step S3, carrying out low-speed stirring uniformly, continuing to add the rest 50% alkali activator solution, carrying out low-speed stirring for 2-3 min, then converting into high-speed stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain composite material slurry, and S5, carrying out coupling maintenance.

Inventors

  • SHI YINGHAO
  • LI JI
  • HE SHOUWEN
  • LI WEIJUN
  • GUO LIN
  • Zhang Lifo
  • TAN QIANWEN

Assignees

  • 山西省低碳建筑实验室有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260206

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, solid waste synergistic activation pretreatment Mixing and ball milling the calcined gangue, the preactivated steel slag, the fly ash and the slag until the specific surface area is more than or equal to 600m 2 /kg, so as to obtain a multi-element solid waste component; s2, constructing nano functional groups in advance Carrying out surface modification treatment on the mixture of nano TiO 2 and nano SiO 2 by using a silane coupling agent to obtain a modified nano functional component; s3, functional slurry pre-dispersion Mixing the modified nano functional component prepared in the step S2 with 50% alkali excitant solution, and performing ultrasonic-microwave synergistic dispersion to form stable nano functional slurry; s4, grading blending and stirring The preparation method comprises the steps of (1) dry-mixing the multi-component solid waste components prepared in the step (1) and a phase-change humidifying material under a vacuum condition, adding the nano-functional slurry prepared in the step (3), stirring uniformly at a low speed, continuously adding the rest 50% alkali-exciting agent solution, stirring at a low speed for 2-3 min, then stirring at a high speed, and mixing uniformly to obtain composite material slurry; S5, coupling maintenance molding Injecting the composite material slurry prepared in the step S4 into a mold, vibrating and compacting, and carrying out step maintenance; Demolding, carbonizing at a concentration of 20% CO 2 and a pressure of 0.15MPa, and drying to constant weight; The phase-change humidity-regulating material comprises 80-90 parts of a multi-component solid waste component, 1-5 parts of a modified nano functional component, 10-20 parts of an alkali-exciting agent solution and 3-8 parts of a phase-change humidity-regulating material, wherein the phase-change humidity-regulating material is constructed into a microcapsule with a porous core-shell structure, and the phase-change temperature range is 23-27 ℃.
  2. 2. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the multiple solid wastes comprise 20-30 parts of calcined gangue, 10-20 parts of preactivated steel slag, 15-25 parts of fly ash and 25-35 parts of slag.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that in step S1, the calcining temperature of the gangue is 700-800 ℃, the calcining time is 2 hours, and the preactivated steel slag is ground to a specific surface area of 380-450 m 2 /kg.
  4. 4. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S2, the mass ratio of the nano TiO 2 to the nano SiO 2 is 1.5-2.5:1, and the surface modification treatment is carried out for 30min under the condition of 80-100 ℃.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S3, the alkali-activated agent solution is formed by compounding sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide solution, triisopropanolamine and citric acid, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-5:1, the triisopropanolamine accounts for 0.5% -1% of the total mass of the multiple solid wastes, and the citric acid accounts for 0.05% -0.2% of the total mass of the multiple solid wastes.
  6. 6. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S3, the condition of ultrasonic-microwave cooperative dispersion is that the power is 400-600W, the frequency is 28-40 kHz, and the treatment is 30-40 min.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the preparation step of the phase-change humidifying material comprises the following steps: S41, heating the phase change material to be completely melted, adding an emulsifier, and dispersing in deionized water under high-speed shearing at 10000rpm to form stable emulsion; S42, mixing tetraethoxysilane, ethanol, water and a catalyst, and stirring for pre-hydrolysis to form silica sol; S43, slowly dripping the silica sol obtained in the step S42 into the emulsion obtained in the step S41 under continuous stirring, controlling the temperature at 50-60 ℃ and reacting for 4-6 hours; S44, after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing and freeze-drying to obtain white powdery phase-change humidity-regulating material.
  8. 8. The preparation method of the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S4, the low-speed stirring speed is 150-250 rpm, and the high-speed stirring speed is 350-550 rpm.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite material based on the multiple solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the step curing comprises the following steps: curing for 12h under the condition that the temperature is 40℃, RH to 95 percent; curing for 24h under the condition of 65℃, RH > 90%.
  10. 10. A multi-functional composite based on multi-component solid waste produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Description

Multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid wastes and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic functional materials and solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid wastes and a preparation method thereof. Background Along with the progress of industrialization and urban treatment, a large amount of industrial solid wastes such as gangue, steel slag, fly ash, slag and the like are generated in China each year, and the stockpile of the industrial solid wastes not only occupies land, but also causes serious pressure on ecological environment. At present, the recycling utilization of the solid wastes is concentrated on low added value approaches such as road construction, backfilling, low-grade building materials and the like, and the problems of limited digestion capacity, single product performance, low economic benefit and the like exist. On the other hand, the requirements of building energy conservation and healthy environment are increasingly urgent, so that the development of multifunctional integrated materials with heat regulation, humidity management, air purification and the like becomes an important direction. The prior art generally adopts a simple blending or multilayer composite process of functional materials, and has the defects of weak interface bonding, complex structure, insufficient stability, high cost and the like. Especially, when the nano materials (such as nano TiO 2 and nano SiO 2) are directly mixed into the solid waste matrix, the agglomeration is easy to occur due to the excessively high surface energy, so that the functional failure and the mechanical property reduction are caused, and the nano materials become key technical bottlenecks for restricting the high value of the solid waste and the functionalization of the materials. Therefore, development of a multifunctional integrated green low-carbon high-performance composite material is needed to realize stable immobilization and function coordination of the nano material in a multi-element solid waste matrix. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid wastes and a preparation method thereof. The preparation process is optimized to solve the problems of poor dispersivity and insufficient excitation of solid waste activity of the nano material, so that the prepared composite material has excellent mechanical properties, integrates the functions of thermal inertia temperature regulation, passive humidity buffering, photocatalysis self-cleaning and the like, and promotes each function mutually and synergistically. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A preparation method of a multifunctional composite material based on multiple solid wastes comprises the following steps: S1, solid waste synergistic activation pretreatment Mixing and ball milling the calcined gangue, the preactivated steel slag, the fly ash and the slag until the specific surface area is more than or equal to 600m 2/kg, so as to obtain a multi-element solid waste component; s2, constructing nano functional groups in advance Carrying out surface modification treatment on the mixture of nano TiO 2 and nano SiO 2 by using a silane coupling agent to obtain a modified nano functional component; s3, functional slurry pre-dispersion Mixing the modified nano functional component prepared in the step S2 with 50% alkali excitant solution, and performing ultrasonic-microwave synergistic dispersion to form stable nano functional slurry; s4, grading blending and stirring The preparation method comprises the steps of (1) dry-mixing the multi-component solid waste components prepared in the step (1) and a phase-change humidifying material under a vacuum condition, adding the nano-functional slurry prepared in the step (3), stirring uniformly at a low speed, continuously adding the rest 50% alkali-exciting agent solution, stirring at a low speed for 2-3 min, then stirring at a high speed, and mixing uniformly to obtain composite material slurry; S5, coupling maintenance molding Injecting the composite material slurry prepared in the step S4 into a mold, vibrating and compacting, and carrying out step maintenance; Demolding, carbonizing at a concentration of 20% CO 2 and a pressure of 0.15MPa, and drying to constant weight; The phase-change humidity-regulating material comprises 80-90 parts of a multi-component solid waste component, 1-5 parts of a modified nano functional component, 10-20 parts of an alkali-exciting agent solution and 3-8 parts of a phase-change humidity-regulating material, wherein the phase-change humidity-regulating material is constructed into a microcapsule with a porous core-shell structure, and the phase-change temperature range is 23-27 ℃. Preferably