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CN-121974757-A - Functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, and preparation method and application thereof

CN121974757ACN 121974757 ACN121974757 ACN 121974757ACN-121974757-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, in particular to a functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues comprises, by mass, 40-60 parts of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 15-30 parts of an organic carbon source conditioner, 10-20 parts of biogas residue biochar, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of bentonite, 2-8 parts of a composite microbial agent, 1-5 parts of nutrient-loaded zeolite and 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid. The bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can effectively reduce the dependency of agricultural chemical fertilizers, reduce carbon emission in the chemical fertilizer application process, improve the carbon fixation amount of soil, reduce the gas emission of a field N 2 O isothermal chamber, and has obvious carbon sink effect and greenhouse gas emission reduction effect.

Inventors

  • GAO BING
  • LI HENGYI
  • CUI SHENGHUI
  • HUANG WEI

Assignees

  • 中国科学院城市环境研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260205

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The functional biological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising, by mass, 40-60 parts of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 15-30 parts of organic carbon source conditioning agents, 10-20 parts of biogas residue biochar, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of bentonite, 2-8 parts of composite microbial agents, 1-5 parts of nutrient-loaded zeolite and 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid.
  2. 2. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the preparation method of biogas residue biochar and nutrient-loaded zeolite comprises the following steps: mixing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, straws, a catalyst and water, performing hydrothermal reaction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain solid residues and hydrothermal liquid; Drying, crushing and screening the solid residues to obtain biogas residue biochar; immersing zeolite in hydrothermal solution, and adsorbing to obtain nutrient-loaded zeolite.
  3. 3. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues is characterized in that the catalyst is ferric chloride or magnesium chloride, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to straw is 1-5:1, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues to the catalyst is 20-40:1, and the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the hydrothermal reaction time is 5-10 h.
  4. 4. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which is characterized in that the adsorption temperature is room temperature and the adsorption time is 1-3 hours.
  5. 5. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the water content of the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues is less than or equal to 65%, the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 1.5%, the total phosphorus content is more than or equal to 1.0%, and the total potassium content is more than or equal to 0.5%.
  6. 6. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the composite microbial agent consists of bacillus subtilis, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria, wherein the bacillus subtilis bacterial count is more than or equal to 2.0X10 9 CFU/g, the phosphate-dissolving bacteria count is more than or equal to 1.0X10 9 CFU/g, the potassium-dissolving bacteria count is more than or equal to 1.0X10 9 CFU/g, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria count is more than or equal to 1.0X10 9 CFU/g, and the total bacterial count of the composite microbial agent is more than or equal to 5.0X10 9 CFU/g.
  7. 7. The functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, wherein the organic carbon source conditioner comprises straw, sawdust or rice hull powder.
  8. 8. The preparation method of the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which is disclosed in any one of claims 1-7, is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, an organic carbon source conditioner, biogas residue biochar, humic acid, bentonite and nutrient-loaded zeolite to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) And (3) adjusting the water content of the fermentation substrate to 50-60% for aerobic composting fermentation, and adding a composite microbial agent and polyglutamic acid for continuous fermentation when the composting temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃, so as to obtain the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues.
  9. 9. The preparation method of the composite microbial agent is characterized in that the aerobic composting fermentation process is carried out by maintaining the temperature at 25-35 ℃ for 3-5 days in the initial stage, then heating to 55-65 ℃ for 5-7 days for high-temperature decomposition, turning the pile every 3-5 days, adding the composite microbial agent and polyglutamic acid, and continuing to pile and ferment for 5-10 days at 30-35 ℃ for 1-2 times.
  10. 10. The application of the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues in vegetable planting according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is used for replacing 30-50% of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, the application amount is 2000-3000 kg/ha, and the application is performed by adopting a basal application, broadcast application and turning or ditch application mode.

Description

Functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, in particular to a functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Kitchen waste is one of main solid wastes generated in daily life, and has the characteristics of high yield, complex components, easy decay and the like. The anaerobic digestion technology is used as one of core technologies for recycling kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is converted into biogas energy through microbial metabolism, and byproducts such as biogas residues, biogas slurry and the like are produced, so that preliminary synergy of waste reduction, harmlessness and energy is realized. However, the current recycling utilization rate of the anaerobic digestion byproducts is low, a large amount of biogas residues still use a terminal disposal mode of landfill or incineration, so that not only are abundant organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient components contained in the biogas residues wasted, but also the treatment cost and the environmental risk are increased, and the large-scale popularization and application of the anaerobic digestion technology are severely restricted. In the field of agricultural production, the problem of soil quality degradation caused by long-term dependence on a planting mode of chemical fertilizers is increasingly prominent, such as soil hardening, organic matter content reduction, microbial community unbalance and the like, not only influencing crop growth and agricultural product quality, but also aggravating agricultural non-point source pollution and ecological environment pressure. In order to get rid of the dilemma, the development of the environment-friendly and efficient organic fertilizer product becomes an important direction of agricultural green transformation. In the prior art, although there are attempts to directly return biogas residues to the field or simply process the biogas residues into organic fertilizers, short plates generally exist in the technology, namely, on one hand, refractory organic matters, pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful substances possibly remain in the biogas residues which are not subjected to advanced treatment, the direct application is easy to form potential threats to soil ecology and crop safety, on the other hand, the biogas residues fat job which are simply processed are lack of targeted modification and functional optimization, unbalanced nutrient release and short fertilizer efficiency duration, and have limited effects on the aspects of soil structure improvement, pollutant passivation and the like, so that the requirements of modern agriculture on the multifunctional fertilizers are difficult to meet. Therefore, the functional bio-organic fertilizer with multiple effects of nutrient supply, soil improvement, ecological restoration and the like is developed, the high-value utilization of kitchen waste byproducts can be realized, a green solution can be provided for agricultural production, and the method has important significance for promoting the collaborative development of environmental protection and agriculture. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: According to the technical scheme, the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues comprises, by mass, 40-60 parts of kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, 15-30 parts of an organic carbon source conditioner, 10-20 parts of biogas residue biochar, 5-15 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of bentonite, 2-8 parts of a composite microbial agent, 1-5 parts of nutrient-loaded zeolite and 1-5 parts of polyglutamic acid. The second technical scheme of the invention provides a preparation method of the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, an organic carbon source conditioner, biogas residue biochar, humic acid, bentonite and nutrient-loaded zeolite to obtain a fermentation substrate; (2) And (3) adjusting the water content of the fermentation substrate to 50-60% for aerobic composting fermentation, and adding a composite microbial agent and polyglutamic acid for continuous fermentation when the composting temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃, so as to obtain the functional bio-organic fertilizer based on kitch