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CN-121974760-A - Humic acid green intelligent joint preparation system and method based on self-propagating technology

CN121974760ACN 121974760 ACN121974760 ACN 121974760ACN-121974760-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a humic acid green intelligent couplet preparation system and method based on a self-propagating technology. The system comprises a raw material pretreatment module, an intelligent batching and mixing module, a core reaction module, a product refining module, an intelligent packaging module and a green treatment module which are sequentially connected through a material conveying device. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, batching mixing, vacuum conversion, self-propagating synthesis, product refining, packaging and the like, and the efficient conversion is realized by precisely controlling the technological parameters. The system and the method realize continuous and automatic production of the artificial humic acid, have the advantages of strong raw material adaptability, stable product quality, low energy consumption, good environmental protection performance and the like, have the yield of the artificial humic acid of 46.8 percent, reduce the energy consumption by more than 35 percent, and provide an innovative solution for recycling the organic wastes.

Inventors

  • SU XINTAI
  • QI JIAMIN
  • NIU XIAOJUN
  • ZHAO XUEYING
  • WANG GAN

Assignees

  • 华南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260106

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The humic acid green intelligent joint preparation system based on the self-propagating technology is characterized by comprising a raw material pretreatment module, an intelligent batching and mixing module, a core reaction module, a product refining module, an intelligent packaging module and a green treatment module; the raw material pretreatment module comprises an ultrafine powder machine for crushing organic waste raw materials into ultrafine powder and a vacuum feeder for airtight conveying; The intelligent batching and mixing module is used for temporary storage, metering and homogenizing mixing of materials and comprises at least one storage tank, a single-shaft stirrer connected with the storage tank and a liquid stirring tank connected with the single-shaft stirrer, wherein the single-shaft stirrer is provided with a second weightless scale for metering the materials; the core reaction module is used for directional synthesis of humic acid and comprises a vacuum reaction kettle connected with a discharge port of the single-shaft stirrer, a secondary self-propagating reactor connected in series with the discharge port of the vacuum reaction kettle, and a heat supply device for providing heat sources for the vacuum reaction kettle and the secondary self-propagating reactor; The product refining module is used for crushing, mixing and forming products and comprises a weighing conveyor connected with a discharge port of the secondary self-propagating reactor, a vertical crusher connected with the discharge port of the weighing conveyor and an NPK stirrer connected with the discharge port of the vertical crusher; The intelligent packaging module is used for metering and packaging finished products and comprises a packaging machine; The green treatment module is used for realizing clean production of a whole system and comprises a bag-type dust remover and an incinerator, wherein the bag-type dust remover is connected with each dust producing point and is used for collecting dust, and the incinerator is respectively connected with a heat supply device, a vacuum reaction kettle and a self-propagating reactor and is used for collecting waste gas for harmless treatment.
  2. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the discharge port of the storage tank is connected with a first screw conveyor, the discharge port of the first screw conveyor is connected with a single-shaft stirrer, the conveying capacity of the first screw conveyor is 1-4 tons/hour, and the motor rotation speed of the first screw conveyor is interlocked with the second weightless scale or an upstream material level signal to realize stepless speed regulation; And/or the liquid stirring tank is sequentially connected with the single-shaft stirrer and the vacuum reaction kettle through a metering pump, and the metering precision is +/-1%; and/or the liquid stirring tank is provided with a stirrer, the stirring rotation speed is 30-100 rpm, the tank body is provided with a jacket, and the constant temperature control of 20-80 ℃ can be carried out.
  3. 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum reaction kettle is connected with the secondary self-propagating reactor through a second screw conveyor, and the start-up of the second screw conveyor is limited by a 'ready' state signal of the secondary self-propagating reactor, wherein the signal is determined by the internal temperature and pressure conditions of the second screw conveyor; And/or the feeding valve of the vacuum reaction kettle is interlocked with the temperature sensor of the heat supply device and the vacuum degree sensor in the kettle, and is opened only when the temperature reaches more than 120 ℃ and the absolute pressure in the kettle is lower than 50 kPa.
  4. 4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the discharge port of the vertical crusher is provided with an online particle size monitor, and the rotation speed of the crusher is automatically fed back and adjusted when the particle size distribution exceeds the range of 80-200 meshes; and/or the weighing conveyor has a metering accuracy of + -0.5% and shares batch data with the packaging machine; and/or the discharge port of the vertical crusher is connected with the NPK stirrer through a first weightlessness scale; And/or the discharge port of the vertical crusher is connected with the packaging machine through a third screw conveyor; and/or the dust producing points comprise dust producing points of an ultrafine powder machine and a vertical pulverizer, and the bag-type dust remover is respectively connected with the ultrafine powder machine and the vertical pulverizer; and/or the tops of the single-shaft stirrer and the NPK stirrer are respectively provided with a dust removing branch pipe, and a differential pressure sensor is arranged between the dust removing branch pipes and the cloth bag dust remover.
  5. 5. A humic acid production method of a humic acid green intelligent joint preparation system based on the self-propagating technology of any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Raw material green pretreatment, namely putting organic waste raw materials into an ultrafine powder machine of a raw material pretreatment module, and conveying the crushed materials into a storage tank of an intelligent batching and mixing module through a vacuum feeding machine; (2) Conveying the materials in the storage tank to a single-shaft stirrer, metering the solid ingredients through a second weightless scale, adding the solid ingredients into the single-shaft stirrer according to the proportion, conveying the liquid auxiliary agent in the liquid stirring tank into the single-shaft stirrer according to the proportion through a metering pump, and homogenizing and mixing the materials, the solid ingredients and the liquid auxiliary agent to obtain a mixed material; (3) Vacuum conversion reaction, namely feeding the mixed material in the single-shaft stirrer into a vacuum reaction kettle, and reacting under the conditions of providing a heat source, vacuum and stirring by a heat supply device to generate humic acid precursor; (4) The self-propagating reaction comprises the steps of sending humic acid precursors in a vacuum reaction kettle into a secondary self-propagating reactor, preheating the humic acid precursors to an initiation temperature of 280-350 ℃ through an external heat source under a protective atmosphere, enabling the humic acid precursors to reach a thermal self-combustion point and realize primary self-propagating initiation, immediately introducing oxygen-enriched air with oxygen content of 30-60% into a reaction system after the primary self-propagating initiation, regulating and controlling the reaction by adjusting the bulk density of materials within a range of 0.6-0.9 g/cm < 3 > and controlling the feeding granularity to be 150-400 meshes, enabling the peak temperature of the self-propagating reaction to be stable at 600-800 ℃, keeping the duration time of a high temperature zone to be 30-120 seconds, and cooling to 80 ℃ or below after the reaction is finished, thus obtaining the artificial humic acid; (5) The product refining and packaging comprises the steps of carrying out online measurement on the artificial humic acid by a weighing conveyor, crushing by a vertical crusher, and then conveying to a packaging machine for packaging, or conveying to an NPK stirrer for mixing with an additional fertilizer additive and then conveying to the packaging machine for packaging, thus obtaining the artificial humic acid product; (6) And (3) environmental protection treatment, namely collecting dust generated at each dust generating point of the system through a bag-type dust collector, and simultaneously introducing organic waste gas generated by the vacuum reaction kettle, the secondary self-propagating reactor and the heat supply device into an incinerator for harmless treatment.
  6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the protective atmosphere of step (4) comprises an inert gas comprising at least one of argon, nitrogen, and helium; And/or, preheating in the step (4) for 3-8 minutes; and/or in the step (4), controlling the oxygen supply amount to be 1.2-1.8 times of the theoretical oxygen demand of the complete oxidation of the material; And/or, the cooling rate in the step (4) is 3-10 ℃ per minute; and/or (4) conveying the humic acid precursor in the vacuum reaction kettle into a secondary self-propagating reactor through a second screw conveyor, wherein the conveying speed of the second screw conveyor is 1-3 tons/hour.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the reaction condition in the step (3) is that the vacuum degree is-0.05 to-0.09 MPa, the temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the reaction time is 30-90 minutes; And/or, the temperature rising rate of the vacuum reaction kettle in the step (3) is 2-5 ℃ per minute; and/or the rotating speed of the reaction in the step (3) is 15-45 rpm.
  8. 8. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the solid ingredients of step (2) comprise at least one of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride; and/or, the liquid auxiliary agent in the step (2) comprises at least one of a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 5-15% and a phosphoric acid solution with the concentration of 10-20%; and/or the mass ratio of the materials, the solid ingredients and the liquid auxiliary agent in the step (2) is 100 (1-5) (3-10); And/or the materials in the storage tank in the step (2) are conveyed to a single-shaft stirrer through a screw conveyor, wherein the conveying speed of the screw conveyor is 0.5-2.0 tons/hour; And/or, the rotating speed of the homogenizing mixing in the step (2) is 20-50 rpm, and the time is 8-15 minutes.
  9. 9. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the organic waste feedstock of step (1) comprises at least one of agricultural waste including at least one of straw, rice hulls, fallen leaves, garden trimmings, and agricultural product processing offal, coal-based solid waste including at least one beneficiation residue of weathered coal, coal gangue, fly ash, and lignite, municipal and industrial waste including at least one of municipal sludge, sewage sludge, kitchen waste, household waste, pulping black liquor, fermentation byproducts, and biogas residues; and/or, the water content of the organic waste raw material in the step (1) is 10-30%; and/or, crushing the organic waste raw material in the step (1) to 150-400 meshes; And/or, the temperature of the storage tank in the step (1) is 15-35 ℃; And/or the conveying pressure of the vacuum feeding machine in the step (1) is-0.04 to-0.06 MPa, and the conveying capacity is 2-5 tons/hour.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the step (5), the vertical crusher is crushed to 80-200 mesh; and/or the rotating speed of the vertical crusher in the step (5) is 800-1500 rpm, and the discharging temperature is lower than 60 ℃; and/or the additive fertilizer additive in the step (5) comprises a mixture of diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the mass ratio of the fertilizer additive to the artificial humic acid is 1:5-1:1; And/or, the rotating speed of the NPK stirrer in the step (5) is 25-60 rpm; And/or (5) crushing the vertical crusher, and then conveying the crushed material to a packaging machine for packaging at a speed of 1-4 tons/hour through a third screw conveyor, or firstly weighing the crushed material through a first weightless scale, and then conveying the weighed material to an NPK (neutral point-gravity) stirrer for mixing with an external fertilizer additive, and then conveying the mixed material to the packaging machine for packaging; And/or the filtering wind speed of the bag-type dust collector in the step (6) is 0.8-1.2 m/min; and/or, the temperature of the harmless treatment in the step (6) is 850 ℃ and above, and the time is 2 seconds and above.

Description

Humic acid green intelligent joint preparation system and method based on self-propagating technology Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste recycling and efficient fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a humic acid green intelligent combination preparation system and method based on a self-propagating technology. Specifically, the invention provides an automatic system integrating superfine grinding, vacuum reaction, self-propagating synthesis, intelligent batching and closed-loop environmental protection treatment, and aims to realize efficient, stable and clean production of high-added-value artificial humic acid and derivative fertilizer products by taking various organic wastes as raw materials. Background With the acceleration of the modern agricultural process in China and the deep implementation of the strategy of double carbon, how to realize the resource utilization of organic wastes and the improvement and restoration of soil becomes an important subject currently faced. Humic acid is used as a core component of soil organic matters, and plays an irreplaceable role in improving soil structure, improving fertilizer utilization rate, promoting crop growth and the like. However, the formation of natural humic acid needs to go through long geological years, and the problems of large resource consumption, ecological environment destruction and the like exist in the exploitation process, so that the wide application of the natural humic acid is severely restricted. In order to overcome the limitation of natural humic acid, the preparation technology of artificial humic acid is developed. At present, the main preparation methods of the artificial humic acid comprise a hydrothermal method, a chemical oxidation method, a biological fermentation method and the like. For example, patent application CN115141041a discloses a method for directionally preparing artificial humic acid by utilizing agricultural wastes, which realizes the preparation of humic acid by hydrothermal reaction, but has the problems of long reaction period, higher energy consumption and the like. Patent CN110790945B proposes a preparation method of cationized humic acid, which improves product performance by chemical modification, but uses more chemical reagents in the process, and may cause secondary pollution. In addition, patent application CN116947570a relates to a preparation process of bio-organic fertilizer containing humic acid, which adopts bio-fermentation technology, and has the advantages of mild condition, longer production period and improved product stability. The prior art has the main defects of poor raw material adaptability, unstable treatment effect on organic wastes (such as straw, sludge, livestock manure and the like) from different sources, low integration level of the conventional system, mostly intermittent operation, unsmooth connection of each process unit, difficulty in realizing continuous production, higher energy consumption, obvious performance particularly in a hydrothermal method and a chemical oxidation method, uneven product quality, larger fluctuation of humic acid content and functional group quantity, and insufficient environmental protection performance, and insufficient dust and waste gas treatment in the production process. Especially in the aspect of system integration, the existing preparation device usually only focuses on a core reaction unit, and lacks overall consideration on matched processes such as raw material pretreatment, material conveying, heat recovery, environmental protection treatment and the like. The whole production process has low efficiency, high energy and material consumption and difficult realization of large-scale, economical and feasible industrial production. The coordination control problem among different equipment units also restricts the stability of the product quality. Therefore, development of an artificial humic acid preparation system and method which can realize continuous and automatic production, have wide raw material adaptability, low energy consumption, stable product quality and environmental friendliness, and are the technical problems to be solved in the field. The innovation not only can promote the development of the organic waste recycling technology, but also can provide important technical support for agricultural sustainable development, and has remarkable environmental benefit and economic benefit. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, the primary purpose of the invention is to provide a humic acid green intelligent joint preparation system based on a self-propagating technology. The system integrates superfine grinding, vacuum reaction, self-propagating synthesis, intelligent batching and closed-loop environmental protection treatment into a whole, and realizes the efficient, stable and clean production of high-added-value artific