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CN-121974761-A - Microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores and preparation method thereof

CN121974761ACN 121974761 ACN121974761 ACN 121974761ACN-121974761-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural microbial fertilizers and soil improvement. Aims at solving the problems of insufficient effect, lack of pertinency and durability of the microbial fertilizer on soil pore structure improvement in the prior art. The technical scheme is characterized by comprising the steps of crushing corn straws, soybean straws, zeolite and vermiculite, drying and crushing rice hull powder, sugarcane slag powder and distillers' grains powder, mixing the components with seaweed powder, fulvic acid and trace elements to prepare a basic mixture, selecting specific strains according to a target soil type and preparing a composite microbial agent according to a corresponding proportion, mixing the microbial agent with the basic mixture under a sterile condition, adjusting the water content, carrying out a matched quantitative fermentation process, and finally drying and granulating a fermentation material. The method is mainly used for preparing the microbial fertilizer which can directionally, effectively and permanently improve various soil pore structures, enhance the water and air retaining property of the soil and promote the growth of crops.

Inventors

  • LI TIANXIAO
  • XIAO ZHAOXING
  • FU QIANG
  • GAO HEXUAN
  • SONG ZHENDI

Assignees

  • 东北农业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260114

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores is characterized by comprising, by weight, 20-40 parts of rice hull powder, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of seaweed powder, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 3-8 parts of vermiculite, 2-6 parts of fulvic acid, 4-10 parts of corn straw, 6-8 parts of soybean straw, 1-3 parts of active bacteria and 1-2 parts of trace elements; wherein the active bacteria are composite microbial agents, and the composition of the active bacteria is adapted to the type of target soil: When the target soil is sticky and hard soil, the compound microbial agent comprises a core flora formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus according to the weight ratio of (1.4-1.6): (1.9-2.1): (0.9-1.1): (0.9-1.1) and azotobacter chroococcus which accounts for 5-15% of the total weight of the core flora; When the target soil is sandy lean soil, the composite microbial agent comprises a core flora formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus according to the weight ratio of (1.9-2.1): (0.9-1.1): (0.9-1.1): (0.9-1.1) and bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 10-20% of the total weight of the core flora; When the target soil is general soil, the composite microbial agent is formed by mixing 1.1-1.3 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 0.9-1.1 parts by weight of actinomycetes, 0.7-0.9 parts by weight of saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
  2. 2. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: Cutting corn stalk and soybean stalk into sections, placing in CO 2 protective atmosphere, heating to 100-150 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-15 ℃ per min, preserving heat for 10-15min, cooling, crushing to 60-80 meshes to obtain pretreated plant stalk, calcining zeolite and vermiculite at 300-400 ℃ for 1-2h, cooling, crushing to 100-120 meshes to obtain an activated mineral carrier, drying rice husk powder, sugarcane slag powder and vinasse powder to a water content of 10-15%, and crushing to 60-80 meshes to obtain a dry organic material; Uniformly mixing the dry organic material, the pretreated plant straw, the activated mineral carrier, the seaweed powder, the fulvic acid and various trace elements to obtain a basic mixture, wherein the basic mixture comprises, by weight, 20-40 parts of rice hull powder, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 4-10 parts of corn straw, 6-8 parts of soybean straw, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 3-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of seaweed powder, 2-6 parts of fulvic acid and 1-2 parts of trace elements; step three, selecting several of bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, azotobacter chroococcus and paenibacillus mucilaginosus according to the type of target soil, and mixing under aseptic conditions according to the preset weight ratio optimized for the type of soil to prepare a compound microbial agent; Mixing the compound microbial agent with a basic mixture under a sterile condition, adding water to adjust the water content to 30-40%, and then carrying out stacking fermentation at 30-55 ℃, wherein the weight part of the compound microbial agent is 1-3 parts; and fifthly, after fermentation, drying the materials until the water content is lower than 15%, and granulating to obtain the microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores.
  3. 3. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil porosity according to claim 2, wherein when the target soil type is cohesive hardened soil, the specific steps of bulk fermentation are as follows: fermenting at 30-35 deg.C, and turning over the first time and transferring to the second stage when the internal temperature of the fermented material reaches 38-40 deg.C and the pH value of the material is reduced to 6.0-6.5; Regulating and controlling the fermentation temperature at 50-52 ℃, and when the number of active actinomycetes in the fermentation material reaches a peak platform stage and the content of water-soluble polysaccharide is obviously increased compared with the initial stage of the first stage through regular sampling monitoring, turning over the stack for the second time and transferring to the third stage; and in the third stage, the fermentation temperature is regulated and maintained at 45-48 ℃, and when the water content of the material is reduced to 30-35% and white or gray mycelium is formed on the surface of the material, the fermentation is finished.
  4. 4. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores as claimed in claim 3, wherein the specific steps of determining that the viable count of actinomycetes reaches a peak plateau and the content of water-soluble polysaccharide is significantly increased are as follows: From the second stage, sampling from the fermentation pile body at intervals of 8-12 hours, measuring the viable count of actinomycetes by a plate colony counting method, and measuring the content of water-soluble polysaccharide by a phenol-sulfuric acid method; And when the relative deviation between the continuous two measurement results of the viable count of actinomycetes is less than 10 percent and the water-soluble polysaccharide content is increased by more than 50 percent compared with the initial value at the beginning of the fermentation in the first stage, judging that the turning conversion condition is met.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil porosity according to claim 2, wherein when the target soil type is sand-lean soil, the specific steps of bulk fermentation are as follows: Fermenting at 32-37deg.C, and turning over the first time and transferring to the second stage when the internal temperature of the fermented material naturally rises to 40-42deg.C; Regulating and controlling the fermentation temperature to 48-50 ℃, and when the apparent viscosity of the fermentation material is measured to be 50-100% higher than the initial apparent viscosity value before the fermentation in the first stage, turning over the stack for the second time and transferring to the third stage; And in the third stage, the fermentation temperature is regulated and maintained at 42-45 ℃, sterile air is intermittently introduced into the fermentation material at the pressure of 0.05-0.1 MPa, the ventilation lasts for 1-2 min each time, the ventilation interval is 30-60 min, and the fermentation is finished until the material presents a loose porous structure.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores according to claim 5, wherein the measuring method of apparent viscosity of the fermentation material is as follows: Taking out a representative sample from the initial material before fermentation starts, measuring and recording an initial apparent viscosity value of the representative sample by using a portable rotational viscometer; after the second-stage fermentation is carried out, sampling is carried out on site from the upper, middle and lower three different depth positions of the fermentation pile body respectively every 30-60 minutes, and the sampled products are immediately used for measuring the instant apparent viscosity value under the same measuring condition by using the same portable rotary viscometer after being rapidly and uniformly mixed; when the arithmetic mean value of the instantaneous apparent viscosity values measured three times in succession is stabilized in a range of 50% -100% from the initial apparent viscosity value, and the relative standard deviation between the three measured values is less than 10%, it is determined that the turning conversion condition is satisfied.
  7. 7. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil porosity according to claim 2, wherein when the target soil type is general-purpose soil, the specific steps of bulk fermentation are as follows: the first stage, namely fermenting 48-72 h at 35-40 ℃ and turning over the first time and transferring to the second stage when the pH value of the fermented material is reduced to 5.5-6.0; the second stage, regulating and controlling the fermentation temperature at 52-55 ℃, continuously fermenting 36-60 h, performing second turning and transferring to the third stage; And in the third stage, the fermentation temperature is regulated and controlled and maintained at 40-45 ℃, and the pile is turned every 12-24 h, until the water content of the material is reduced to 25-30%, and the material is loose and has no peculiar smell, and the fermentation is finished.
  8. 8. The method for producing a microbial fertilizer for improving soil according to claim 7, wherein in the third stage, the material is mechanically loosened at each turning, and the mechanical loosening is carried out by continuously stirring the material at a rotation speed of 20-30 rpm by using a paddle stirrer for 3-5 min until the material can be easily dispersed into uniform particles having a particle size of 1-5 mm.

Description

Microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microbial fertilizer and soil improvement. More particularly, the invention relates to a microbial fertilizer for improving soil pores and a preparation method thereof. Background In agricultural production, degradation of soil structure, particularly in the pore state, can directly affect water and fertilizer retention, root growth, and microbial activity. The application of organic materials and microbial fertilizers is an important agronomic measure for improving the physical properties of soil. However, in the practical development and production process of microbial fertilizers for improving soil pores, there are still a number of specific technical problems to be solved. Firstly, in the aspect of compatibility design of microbial agents, the prior art always faces the problem that universality and pertinence are difficult to be compatible. Many microbial fertilizers employ immobilized combinations of species that may contain various types of microorganisms that are beneficial for improving soil structure, such as bacteria, fungi, etc. that break down organic matter. However, there are substantial differences in the initial physical properties, nutrient status and microbiota of different soil types (e.g., sticky hardened soil versus sand-poor soil). After the microbial inoculum with a fixed formula is applied to different soils, certain strains in the microbial inoculum can not effectively colonize and reproduce due to inadaptation to the environment, so that the core function of improving soil pores can not be stably exerted. The reason for this is that soil is a complex ecological system and the microbial community in the microbial agent needs to compete with indigenous microorganisms and adapt to specific environmental pressures. The design of a compound microorganism formula which can flexibly adapt to different soil conditions and can stabilize symbiosis and act synergistically among strains is a complex challenge. Previous attempts have tended to simply mix strains at laboratory level and have been difficult to convert to commercial products that are stable under different field conditions. Secondly, in the solid state fermentation preparation process of bacterial manure, the accurate control of the fermentation process is difficult, and the process control is mostly dependent on experience judgment. Fermentation is a key step in the mass proliferation and metabolism of active substances by microorganisms in organic carriers. Conventional bulk fermentation processes typically focus mainly on macroscopic parameters such as temperature, humidity and fermentation duration. However, the fermentation process is essentially a dynamic process of microflora succession and a series of biochemical reactions, with different phases corresponding to changes in dominant flora and metabolites. For example, when switching from a stage of rapid temperature rise, of readily degradable carbohydrate consumption, to a stage of deep decomposition of lignocellulose or accumulation of specific metabolites in large quantities, is critical for the functional properties of the final product. The prior art lacks a process conversion node index which is clear, quantitative and directly related to the physiological state of microorganisms. Operators often judge according to empirical characteristics such as material appearance, smell or fermentation time, and the like, and the method is strong in subjectivity and poor in reproducibility, is easy to cause quality fluctuation among batches, and cannot ensure that each batch of products can reach the optimal functional microbial community structure. Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned precise process control, there is a bottleneck to the technology of real-time or rapid monitoring of key biochemical parameters in the fermentation process. Some core parameters closely related to fermentation stage and product functions, such as characteristic gases released by microbial metabolism, consumption degree of easily available carbon sources in materials, cellulolytic enzyme activity and the like, are ideal indexes for judging fermentation progress. However, conventional detection methods for these indicators are typically based on laboratory analysis. For example, the detection of characteristic volatile organic compounds requires the use of a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, the determination of water-soluble sugar content requires extraction and colorimetric analysis, and the determination of cellulase activity requires plate culture or complex biochemical reactions. These methods are cumbersome in sample pretreatment, long in analysis period (from hours to days), and require specialized instrumentation and operators. The result is severely delayed from the real-time progress of the fermentation process, and can