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CN-121974767-A - High-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material and preparation method and application thereof

CN121974767ACN 121974767 ACN121974767 ACN 121974767ACN-121974767-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energetic materials, and discloses a high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise an explosive matrix, a composite activity degradation agent and an energetic adhesive, the explosive matrix is formed by compounding HMX and TKX-50, the composite activity degradation agent is a compound formed by Co doping g-C 3 N 4 , rGO and ZIF-8, the Co doping amount in Co doping g-C 3 N 4 is 0.8% -1.5%, and the energetic adhesive is azidoglycidyl ether, and the explosive is prepared by preparing, mixing, ultrasonic, polymerization, spray drying and in-situ reduction of each component. The high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high energy and insensitive, is excellent in mechanical strength and stability, can be widely applied to the fields of military industry, civil blasting and aerospace, and solves the problem that the conventional energetic material is difficult to be compatible with insensitive.

Inventors

  • JIN BO
  • LUO LIQIONG
  • PENG RUFANG
  • HUANG QI
  • ZHAO YANG
  • WANG BINSHEN
  • GUO ZHICHENG

Assignees

  • 西南科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251229

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A high energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material characterized in that the high energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material comprises the following components in mass fraction: 85-95% of explosive matrix, 4-12% of composite activity degradation agent and 1-3% of energetic adhesive.
  2. 2. The high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 1, wherein the explosive matrix is formed by compounding HMX and TKX-50 according to a mass ratio of 4:1-3:2.
  3. 3. The high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 1, wherein the composite activity desensitizer is a composite formed by Co-doped g-C 3 N 4 , rGO and ZIF-8 according to the mass ratio of 1:2:4-3:4:6, wherein the doping amount of Co element in Co-doped g-C 3 N 4 is 0.8% -1.5%.
  4. 4. A high energy insensitive explosive based active energetic material according to claim 1 wherein the energetic binder material is glycidyl azide.
  5. 5. A method of preparing a high energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of: S1, preparing Co-doped g-C 3 N 4 , namely mixing and grinding urea and cobalt nitrate, heating and preserving heat, cooling and grinding to obtain Co-doped g-C 3 N 4 powder; s2, preparing a GO/ZIF-8 suspension, namely dispersing GO in deionized water in an ultrasonic manner to form the GO suspension, adding zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole, stirring at room temperature, adding deionized water to adjust the concentration, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the GO/ZIF-8 suspension; S3, preparing an explosive-degranulation agent mixed solution, namely dispersing HMX and TKX-50 in deionized water for the first time of ultrasonic treatment, adding the Co-doped g-C 3 N 4 in S1 and the GO/ZIF-8 suspension in S2 for the second time of ultrasonic treatment, adding azidoglycidyl ether and azodiisobutyronitrile, heating and preserving heat to obtain the mixed solution; s4, spray drying-in-situ reduction, namely performing spray drying treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step S3, synchronously introducing hydrazine hydrate steam, and collecting the microsphere energetic material after the reaction is completed to obtain the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material.
  6. 6. The preparation method of the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 5, wherein in the step S1, urea and cobalt nitrate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 12:1-15:1, and the heating parameters are that the heating rate is 1-3 ℃ per minute, the heating is carried out to 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 5, wherein the density of the GO suspension in the step S2 is 0.5-0.8mg/mL, the molar ratio of the zinc nitrate to the 2-methylimidazole is 1:2-1:4, the stirring time is 2-4 hours, the concentration is adjusted to 10-15mg/mL, and the ultrasonic time is 20-40min.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 5, wherein the first ultrasonic time in the step S3 is 30-50min, the second ultrasonic time is 20-40min, the temperature is raised to 50-70 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3h, and the mass of the azodiisobutyronitrile is 0.5-1% of the mass of the azidoglycidyl ether monomer.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to claim 5, wherein the spray drying parameters in the step S4 are that the inlet temperature is 120-140 ℃, the outlet temperature is 60-70 ℃, the feeding rate is 4-6mL/min, the atomization rotating speed is 18000-22000r/min, the mass fraction of the hydrazine hydrate steam is 70-90%, and the flow rate is 4-6mL/h.
  10. 10. Use of a high energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the high energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material is used in missile warhead or projectile charge in the military field, mine exploitation or tunnel construction blasting in the civilian field, and solid rocket propellant component in the aerospace field.

Description

High-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of energetic materials, in particular to a high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background The existing energetic material mostly adopts a single explosive matrix or simple binary compound, and has the problems that the performance of the single matrix is unbalanced, for example, the energy density and the insensitive energy of TKX-50 (dihydroxyamino dinitroglyoxime) are superior to those of HMX (high-performance liquid chromatography) when the single explosive matrix is used alone, but the mechanical strength is poor, the moisture is easy to absorb, the long-term storage stability is insufficient, the safety of the single explosive matrix cannot meet the standard of 'insensitive ammunition' of modern weaponry (such as American MIL-STD-2105D) when the single explosive matrix is used alone, the binary compound has poor synergistic effect, the existing HMX/TKX-50 compound does not optimize the balance point of energy and insensitive, and the control on the dispersion uniformity of the compounded material is lacking, so that the local energy fluctuation or sensitivity is increased; The existing g-C 3N4 -based composite energetic material solves the problems of poor stability and high mechanical sensitivity of an ammonium nitrate explosive through the composite sense reduction of g-C 3N4 and GO, but has the following defects that 1, the sense reducing agent mainly comprises a non-energetic carbon material and can reduce the sense but is difficult to further improve the energy density of the material, 2, the combination of a coating layer and an explosive matrix interface depends on physical adsorption or simple chemical action, and is easy to strip after long-term storage, 3, the preparation process is step-by-step operation, the coating uniformity is greatly influenced by parameters such as ultrasonic and stirring, and the like, and the large-scale production stability is insufficient. In addition, the traditional desensitizer is difficult to achieve both 'desensitizing effect' and 'energy retention', for example, inert desensitizers such as paraffin, graphite and the like can reduce the sensitivity of an explosive, but can obviously dilute the energy density, have poor compatibility with an explosive matrix and are easy to delaminate, the single active desensitizer has limited effect, the existing nanometer desensitizers (such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zeolite imidazole ester framework (ZIF-8)) are limited in desensitizing effect when being singly used, for example, the addition of 3% rGO can only reduce the impact sensitivity of HMX to 10J and lack synergistic regulation and control on the desensitizing effect, the energy and the stability, and the doped type desensitizing agent has blank technology, co doping g-C 3N4 shows excellent performance in the catalysis and sensing fields, but the application in the field of the desensitizing effect of energetic materials has not been reported, and the association mechanism of the doping amount and the desensitizing effect has not been explored. Therefore, the development of the Co-doped g-C 3N4 high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material has important practical significance. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the invention provides a high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material, and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the energy density of the composite energetic material is difficult to be improved, the composite energetic material is easy to peel after long-term storage, is easily influenced by preparation process parameters, the stability of large-scale production is insufficient and the process of the doped type desensitizer is blank. The invention provides a high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-95% of explosive matrix, 4-12% of composite activity degradation agent and 1-3% of energetic adhesive. Further, the explosive matrix is formed by compounding HMX and TKX-50 according to a mass ratio of 4:1-3:2. Further, the composite activity desensitizer is a composite formed by doping Co with g-C 3N4, rGO and ZIF-8 according to the mass ratio of 1:2:4-3:4:6, wherein the doping amount of Co element in Co doping g-C 3N4 is 0.8% -1.5%. Further, the energetic adhesive is azidoglycidyl ether. The preparation method of the high-energy insensitive explosive-based active energetic material comprises the following steps: S1, preparing Co-doped g-C 3N4, namely mixing and grinding urea and cobalt nitrate, heating and preserving heat, cooling and grinding to obtain Co-doped g-C 3N4 powder; s2, preparing a GO/ZI