CN-121974768-A - Preparation method of high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive

CN121974768ACN 121974768 ACN121974768 ACN 121974768ACN-121974768-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, in particular to a preparation method of a high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, which comprises the steps of adding porous granular ammonium nitrate accounting for 15-25% of the weight of a liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material into the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material prepared after expansion crystallization, preparing rice husk carbon from rice husk under inert atmosphere, dispersing the rice husk carbon into ethanol, adding tetraethoxysilane, adjusting pH, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a carbon-silicon composite carrier, adding a nonionic surfactant and a silane coupling agent to pretreat the ammonium nitrate liquid, adding the carbon-silicon composite carrier into the pretreated ammonium nitrate liquid, preserving heat and stirring uniformly to obtain a premixed liquid, and finally obtaining the porous granular ammonium nitrate through spray drying. The prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has good fluidity and moisture absorption resistance, and the explosion performance is safe and reliable.

Inventors

LI JIN
Qi Liangqing
HUANG LIUFANG
REN ZAIFENG
PENG WEI
ZHOU ZHANHUI
LIU JUNFENG

Assignees

江西宜丰国泰化工有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260120

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is characterized in that porous granular ammonium nitrate accounting for 15-25% of the weight of a liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material is added into the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material prepared after expansion and crystallization; the preparation method of the porous granular ammonium nitrate comprises the following steps: S1, preparing rice husk into rice husk carbon under inert atmosphere, dispersing the rice husk carbon in ethanol, adding tetraethoxysilane, adjusting the pH value to 7-9, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing and drying to obtain a carbon-silicon composite carrier; S2, dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to prepare an ammonium nitrate solution, keeping the temperature of the ammonium nitrate solution at 105-110 ℃, adding a nonionic surfactant and a silane coupling agent, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a pretreated ammonium nitrate feed liquid; S3, adding a carbon-silicon composite carrier into the pretreated ammonium nitrate feed liquid, and uniformly stirring the mixture at a constant temperature to obtain a premix; And S4, spray drying the premix to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate.
2. The preparation method of the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the rice hull carbon in S1 is characterized in that rice hulls are carbonized for 1-2 hours at a temperature of between 500 and 700 ℃ at a speed of between 5 and 10 ℃ per minute under nitrogen atmosphere, cooled to room temperature and crushed to 60-100 meshes; in the S1, the addition amount of the tetraethoxysilane is 2-5% of the weight of the rice hull carbon.
3. The preparation method of the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant in S2 is one or two selected from polyether modified polysiloxane, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and sorbitan fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether, and the addition amount of the nonionic surfactant is 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the ammonium nitrate.
4. The preparation method of the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the silane coupling agent in S2 is one or two selected from gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, and the addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 0.03-0.05% of the weight of ammonium nitrate.
5. The preparation method of the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ammonium nitrate solution prepared in S2 is 85-92%, and the addition amount of the carbon-silicon composite carrier in S3 is 10-30% of the weight of the ammonium nitrate in S2.
6. The method for preparing the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet temperature adopted in the spray drying in the step S4 is 150-160 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 70-80 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material comprises, by weight, 90-94 parts of ammonium nitrate and 3-5 parts of a composite oil phase.
8. The method for preparing the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of diesel oil, paraffin, ceresin, rosin and span-80 in the preparation raw materials of the composite oil phase is 3:0.5:0.5:0.3:0.5.
9. The method for preparing the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material comprises the following steps: (1) Adding water and ammonium nitrate according to the proportion, heating and dissolving to prepare an ammonium nitrate solution with the ammonium nitrate content of 92-94%, continuously heating to 120-130 ℃, and preserving heat for later use; (2) The preparation of the oil phase, namely heating and melting the composite oil phase raw materials according to the proportion, continuously heating to 80-100 ℃ under stirring after the composite oil phase raw materials are completely melted, and preserving heat for later use; (3) Mixing, namely mixing the water phase and the oil phase by adopting a dynamic mixer, immediately feeding the mixture into a swelling crystallizer, and dehydrating and drying the mixture at 95-110 ℃ under the vacuum state of minus 0.085 to minus 0.095MPa to obtain the liquid mixed ammonium nitrate base material.
10. The method for preparing the high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is characterized in that porous granular ammonium nitrate is immediately added into the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material after expanded crystallization for mixing, crushing, cooling, charging and packaging to obtain the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.

Description

Preparation method of high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, in particular to a preparation method of high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. Background Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive plays an important role in the fields of mining, explosion processing, infrastructure construction and the like of metal ores and nonmetallic ores. Along with the continuous investment in the aspect of the infrastructure of railway highways, port airports, water conservancy and hydropower, novel town construction and the like, great market demands exist for high-performance expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. The preparation of the liquid mixed type expanded ammonium nitrate explosive is that the oil phase and the water phase are expanded and crystallized immediately after being in instantaneous contact in a dynamic mixer, the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has high two-phase mixing degree of liquid and oil, loose and porous structure and safe, stable and reliable process, but the liquid mixed type expanded ammonium nitrate explosive has the problem of relatively poor fluidity, so that the production and explosion charging efficiency is lower, the safety of the production process and the explosion using process is not facilitated, and in addition, in order to meet the using requirements of different scenes, the moisture absorption resistance of the liquid mixed type ammonium nitrate explosive is necessary to be further improved. The application aims at improving the fluidity and the moisture absorption resistance of the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive on the basis of ensuring the explosion performance of the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive by carrying out intensive research on the existing preparation method of the liquid mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, which can obviously improve the fluidity and hygroscopicity of the prepared expanded ammonium nitrate explosive and has safe and reliable explosion performance. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention provides a preparation method of a high-fluidity liquid-mixed expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, which is characterized in that porous granular ammonium nitrate accounting for 15-25% of the weight of a liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material is added into the liquid-mixed ammonium nitrate base material prepared after expansion and crystallization; the preparation method of the porous granular ammonium nitrate comprises the following steps: S1, preparing rice husk into rice husk carbon under inert atmosphere, dispersing the rice husk carbon in ethanol, adding tetraethoxysilane, adjusting the pH value to 7-9, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing and drying to obtain a carbon-silicon composite carrier; S2, dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to prepare an ammonium nitrate solution, keeping the temperature of the ammonium nitrate solution at 105-110 ℃, adding a nonionic surfactant and a silane coupling agent, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a pretreated ammonium nitrate feed liquid; S3, adding a carbon-silicon composite carrier into the pretreated ammonium nitrate feed liquid, and uniformly stirring the mixture at a constant temperature to obtain a premix; And S4, spray drying the premix to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate. According to the expanded ammonium nitrate explosive, improved 15-25% porous granular ammonium nitrate is added into a liquid mixed ammonium nitrate base material prepared by expanded crystallization, wherein the porous granular ammonium nitrate is mixed with ammonium nitrate in the presence of a nonionic surfactant and a silane coupling agent by using a carbon-silicon composite carrier prepared from rice hull carbon, and then the ammonium nitrate is loaded by spraying. Specifically, the rice husk is rich in silicon elements, the rice husk carbon prepared by taking the rice husk as a raw material contains more silicon besides a carbon skeleton, not only can be directly used as fuel, but also is beneficial to forming a carbon-silicon composite carrier by compounding a silicon dioxide layer through a sol-gel method, si-O in the silicon dioxide on the surface of the rice husk carbon can be beneficial to enhancing the adsorption effect of the carrier on ammonium nitrate, and the coating of the silicon dioxide is beneficial to forming a closed hot spot and improving detonation performance. The non-ionic surfactant and the silane coupling agent further improve the combination effect of the ammonium nitrate on the surface of the carbon-silicon composite carrier, and finally the porous granular