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CN-121975184-A - Flame-retardant polyurethane foam for automobile roofs and preparation method thereof

CN121975184ACN 121975184 ACN121975184 ACN 121975184ACN-121975184-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane, and discloses a flame-retardant polyurethane foam for an automobile ceiling and a preparation method thereof, the invention utilizes modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion liquid to carry out dipping treatment on polyurethane foam sponge, the modified aluminum hydroxide has better dispersibility and is not easy to agglomerate, and hydroxyethyl introduced on the surface and amine ester groups in the molecular chain of the polyurethane foam form hydrogen bond action, so that aluminum hydroxide powder is uniformly coated on the surface of the polyurethane foam, the flame-retardant coating layer is formed, the contact between polyurethane foam and open flame is reduced, aluminum hydroxide decomposition can absorb heat during combustion, the surface temperature of the polyurethane foam is reduced, pyrolysis and combustion reaction are delayed, meanwhile, aluminum oxide generated by thermal decomposition uniformly forms a compact and high-temperature-resistant inorganic protective layer on the surface of the material, heat radiation and oxygen transmission are blocked, the combustion rate is delayed, molten drops are prevented, and the flame retardant property of the foam is remarkably improved.

Inventors

  • Gong Youzhi

Assignees

  • 广州金智达汽车零部件有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260211

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane foam is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, adding water and aluminum hydroxide micropowder into a reaction container, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic instrument, then adding hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate, stirring for dispersion, filtering, washing precipitate, and drying to obtain modified aluminum hydroxide micropowder; s2, adding water and modified aluminum hydroxide micropowder into a container to prepare modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion liquid, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic instrument, then adding polyurethane foam sponge, performing dipping treatment, taking out the foam sponge, draining water, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant polyurethane foam.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the flame-retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the temperature during stirring and dispersing in the S1 is 15-35 ℃ and the stirring time is 1-2h.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum hydroxide micro powder to the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate in the S1 is 100 (2-6).
  4. 4. The method for preparing the flame-retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate is characterized in that N-hydroxyethyl piperazine is added into ethanol, an aqueous solution of phytic acid is dropwise added, stirring reaction is carried out for 3-5h at 20-50 ℃, a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is dropwise added to adjust pH to 8-9, heating and evaporating are carried out until precipitation is carried out, ice water bath cooling is carried out, and the precipitate is washed after filtration and dried, thus obtaining the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the flame-retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the N-hydroxyethyl piperazine to the phytic acid is (4-8): 1.
  6. 6. The method for preparing flame retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion in S2 is 5-30g/L.
  7. 7. The method for preparing flame-retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the temperature during the impregnation treatment in S2 is 15-40 ℃ for 2-3 hours.
  8. 8. A flame retardant polyurethane foam obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
  9. 9. Use of the flame retardant polyurethane foam according to claim 8 in automotive roofs.

Description

Flame-retardant polyurethane foam for automobile roofs and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane, in particular to flame-retardant polyurethane foam for an automobile ceiling and a preparation method thereof. Background The polyurethane foam has low density, good mechanical strength, good heat insulation performance and excellent heat insulation performance, and is widely applied to furniture, automobiles, refrigeration houses, buildings and the like, but the polyurethane foam has large contact area with oxygen during combustion due to excessive pores, is easy to burn, and can generate a molten drop phenomenon to cause secondary hazard. The flame retardant property of the polyurethane foam is improved, so that the polyurethane foam can be better applied to the fields of building boards, automobile interiors and the like. The flame retardant for polyurethane foam mainly comprises organic flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and the like, and inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide, antimonous oxide and the like, wherein the aluminum hydroxide is cheap and easy to obtain, has excellent flame retardant property and wide application range, but aluminum hydroxide micropowder is easy to agglomerate, can seriously influence the flame retardant effect, and the dispersing agent is adopted to modify the aluminum hydroxide, such as sodium hexametaphosphate, silane coupling agent and the like, so that the dispersibility of the aluminum hydroxide can be improved, and the flame retardant property is improved. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention solves the technical problem that the polyurethane foam material is easy to burn. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the preparation method of the flame-retardant polyurethane foam comprises the following steps: s1, adding water and aluminum hydroxide micropowder into a reaction container, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic instrument, then adding hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate, stirring for dispersion, filtering, washing precipitate with water and ethanol, and drying to obtain modified aluminum hydroxide micropowder. S2, adding water and modified aluminum hydroxide micropowder into a container to prepare modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion liquid, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic instrument, then adding polyurethane foam sponge, performing dipping treatment, taking out the foam sponge, draining water, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant polyurethane foam. Preferably, the temperature during stirring and dispersing in S1 is 15-35 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-2h. Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminium hydroxide micropowder to the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate in the S1 is 100 (2-6). Preferably, the concentration of the modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion in S2 is from 5 to 30g/L. Preferably, the temperature during the impregnation treatment in S2 is 15-40 ℃ and the time is 2-3 hours. Preferably, the preparation method of the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate comprises the steps of adding N-hydroxyethyl piperazine into ethanol, dropwise adding an aqueous solution of phytic acid, wherein the molar ratio of the N-hydroxyethyl piperazine to the phytic acid is (4-8): 1, stirring and reacting for 3-5 hours at 20-50 ℃, dropwise adding an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 8-9, heating and evaporating until precipitation is separated out, cooling in an ice water bath, filtering, washing the precipitate with ethanol, and drying to obtain the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate. Preferably, the flame-retardant polyurethane foam is applied to an automobile ceiling. The invention has the beneficial technical effects that the phytic acid contains twelve phosphoric acid groups (P-OH), and the electronegative phosphoric acid groups and the piperazine electropositive-NH bond of N-hydroxyethyl piperazine form electrostatic interaction to generate the phosphoric acid piperazine) The structure and the proportion of the two are regulated to obtain the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate containing phosphate and hydroxyl, and a plurality of phosphate groups of the hydroxyethyl piperazine phytate interact with the surface of the aluminum hydroxide micro powder to be used as a dispersing agent, so that the dispersion modification of the aluminum hydroxide is realized. The modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion liquid is subjected to dipping treatment on the polyurethane foam sponge, the modified aluminum hydroxide dispersion liquid is better in dispersibility and not easy to agglomerate, and hydroxyethyl groups introduced on the surface and amine ester groups and the like in a polyurethane foam molecular chain form hydrogen bonding, so that aluminum hydroxide powder is uniformly coated on the surface of the polyurethane foam to form a flame-retardant