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CN-121975436-A - Self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating and preparation method thereof

CN121975436ACN 121975436 ACN121975436 ACN 121975436ACN-121975436-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of photovoltaic glass functional coatings, wherein the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of hybrid resin matrix, 1.5-15 parts of functional filler, 0.5-5 parts of functional auxiliary agent and 40-70 parts of mixed solvent. The coating structure is formed by spontaneously assembling functional fillers in a hybrid resin matrix according to concentration gradient, and the coating structure sequentially comprises a nano antimony-doped tin dioxide (ATO) functional layer, a TiO 2 functional layer and a hollow SiO 2 functional layer from the photovoltaic glass substrate to the outside. The photovoltaic glass coating can obviously reduce power generation loss caused by dirt, temperature rise and electrostatic adsorption, prolongs the service life of the component, has simple preparation process and is suitable for industrial production.

Inventors

  • LI ZONGBAO
  • WANG QIQI

Assignees

  • 武汉纺织大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260203

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating is characterized by comprising, by weight, 15-40 parts of a hybrid resin matrix, 1.5-15 parts of a functional filler, 0.5-5 parts of a functional auxiliary agent and 40-70 parts of a mixed solvent; The coating structure is formed by spontaneously assembling functional fillers in a hybrid resin matrix according to concentration gradient, and the coating structure sequentially comprises the following components from the photovoltaic glass substrate to the outside: The nano antimony-doped tin dioxide functional layer comprises a hybrid resin matrix, a functional filler, a mixed solvent and a functional additive, wherein the concentration of nano antimony-doped tin dioxide particles is highest, and a continuous or quasi-continuous conductive network is formed; the TiO 2 -rich functional layer comprises a hybrid resin matrix, a functional filler, a mixed solvent and a functional additive, wherein the concentration of nano titanium dioxide particles is highest, a photocatalysis self-cleaning function is provided, and ultraviolet rays are partially absorbed; The hollow SiO 2 -rich functional layer comprises a hybrid resin matrix, a functional filler, a mixed solvent and a functional additive, wherein the concentration of the silica microspheres is highest, and the porous heat insulation and surface protection layer is formed.
  2. 2. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid resin matrix comprises polysilazane resin and siloxane-terminated polyurethane resin, the mass ratio of the polysilazane resin to the siloxane-terminated polyurethane resin is 3:7 to 7:3, and the siloxane-terminated polyurethane in the siloxane-terminated polyurethane is prepared by reacting an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer with an alkoxysilane-containing capping agent, and the terminal ends of the siloxane-terminated polyurethane are hydrolytic condensation-type siloxane groups.
  3. 3. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 1, wherein the functional filler comprises nano antimony doped tin dioxide particles, nano titanium dioxide particles and hollow silica microspheres.
  4. 4. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 1, wherein the functional auxiliary agent comprises a catalyst, a silane coupling agent and an anti-ultraviolet auxiliary agent, the catalyst comprises dibutyl tin dilaurate, the silane coupling agent comprises gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and the anti-ultraviolet auxiliary agent comprises benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbent.
  5. 5. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solvent comprises propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, isopropanol and cyclohexanone, and the volume ratio of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, isopropanol and cyclohexanone is 60:30:10.
  6. 6. The self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the hollow silica microspheres is 100-800nm, the thickness of the shell layer is 10-200nm, the average particle size of the nano titanium dioxide particles is 10-100nm, and the average particle size of the nano antimony-doped tin dioxide particles is 20-100nm.
  7. 7. A method for preparing a self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the resin system, solvent volatilization and curing kinetics are controlled so that the functional filler spontaneously migrates and is locked in a liquid wet film according to density differences; The method specifically comprises the following steps: s1, preparing composite slurry: a. Dissolving polysilazane resin and siloxane-terminated polyurethane resin in the mixed solvent, and uniformly stirring; b. Sequentially adding nano antimony-doped tin dioxide particles, nano titanium dioxide particles and hollow silicon dioxide microspheres, and a catalyst, a silane coupling agent and an anti-ultraviolet auxiliary agent; c. performing high-speed shearing and/or ultrasonic treatment to obtain composite slurry with uniformly dispersed filler and fully mixed components; s2, coating and self-assembly: a. coating the composite slurry on the surface of clean photovoltaic glass to form a wet film; b. Under the horizontal standing condition, the functional filler nano antimony doped tin dioxide particles, hollow silicon dioxide microspheres and nano titanium dioxide particles in the wet film spontaneously and longitudinally migrate under the actions of gravity, buoyancy and intermediate states; S3, gradient curing and structure locking: a. triggering polysilazane resin and siloxane-terminated polyurethane resin to carry out hydrolytic condensation reaction under a humidity atmosphere; b. the curing reaction is carried out from the surface to the inside, a gel network is formed on the surface layer firstly, and hollow silicon dioxide microspheres which float up to the surface are preferentially locked; c. Under the action of a catalyst, the polysilazane resin and the siloxane-terminated polyurethane resin are synchronously cured to form an interpenetrating polymer network, and meanwhile, the silane coupling agent and the hydroxyl on the surface layer are subjected to a co-condensation reaction to form a chemical anchoring; d. And after complete solidification, the multifunctional coating with a stable three-dimensional gradient structure is obtained.
  8. 8. The method for preparing a self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 7, wherein the standing ambient temperature in step S2b is 20-40 ℃ and the standing time is 10-60 minutes.
  9. 9. The method for preparing a self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating according to claim 7, wherein the curing environment temperature in step S3 is 20-40 ℃, the relative humidity in a humidity atmosphere is 30-90%, and the total curing time is 2-48 hours.

Description

Self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic glass functional coatings, in particular to a self-assembled gradient multifunctional photovoltaic glass coating and a preparation method thereof. Background The photovoltaic glass is used as a cover plate of the photovoltaic module, and the surface state of the photovoltaic glass directly influences the power generation efficiency and the long-term reliability of the module. The industry now faces the following key challenges: the power generation efficiency is lost, dirt is accumulated, dust, pollen, organic matters and other pollutants are attached to the surface of the glass, the light transmittance is greatly reduced, and the cover plate loss is caused, so that the power generation efficiency is one of the main factors influencing the income of a power station. The traditional cleaning mode consumes water, labor and cost. The temperature rise, the photovoltaic cell can generate heat when working in sunlight, and the excessively high temperature (generally up to 50-70 ℃) of the glass cover plate can reduce the conversion efficiency (the temperature coefficient is negative) of the cell sheet and accelerate the aging of the packaging material (such as EVA). In a dry environment, static electricity is easy to generate on the surface of glass, dust adsorption is aggravated, and vicious circle is formed. The covering of organic matters such as bird droppings can lead to the rapid increase of resistance at the covering position of the photovoltaic panel, so that the temperature of a part of the region is too high to be directly invalid. The limitation of the existing solution is that the photovoltaic glass is used as a key packaging material of the photovoltaic module, and the surface performance of the photovoltaic glass directly determines the power generation efficiency and the long-term reliability of the module. To improve performance, industry is striving to develop functional coatings with single or multiple functions of self-cleaning, anti-reflection, thermal insulation, antistatic, etc. However, the prior art solutions still face significant challenges in achieving multifunctional integration, process simplification and long-term stability, as follows: The functions are single or simple physical blending, the performances are limited and the mutual interference is easy, the prior patent CN202411790508.6, the patent CN202310440281.1, the patent CN202510131734.1 and the patent CN202510702160.9 are focused on realizing the single super-hydrophilic function, the patent CN202510831058.9, the patent CN202511222015.7, the patent CN202410734586.8 and the patent CN202111535522.8 are focused on realizing the single super-hydrophobic function, the patent CN202411296423.2, the patent CN202411829941.6 and the patent CN202410468576.4 are focused on realizing the single photocatalysis function, and the patent CN202411927124.4, the patent CN202410468576.4, the patent CN201810228428.X and the patent CN202211705176.8 are focused on realizing the self-cleaning or antireflection function. Some patents such as patent CN202510764951.4 and patent CN202410468576.4 attempt to incorporate various functional fillers, but generally use physical blending means. This strategy ignores the large differences in density, polarity, and surface energy of the different fillers, resulting in severe filler sedimentation, agglomeration, or phase separation during the coating curing process, which does not form a stable and uniform structure. As a result, the functions are mutually restricted, for example, the insulating SiO 2 wraps the conductive ATO to cause antistatic failure, the TiO 2 is deeply buried to cause loss of photocatalytic activity, the comprehensive performance is greatly reduced, and the functions are easy to attenuate after long-term use. The multilayer coating process is complex, the cost is high, and the interlayer adhesion becomes a hidden trouble, and in order to realize better function integration, some schemes adopt complex multilayer sequential coating processes. For example, patent CN202411927124.4 discloses a multilayer antireflective structure requiring sequential preparation and coating of SiO 2 layer, tiO 2 layer and nanomaterial layer, patent CN202210412491.5, patent CN202410468576.4 also suggests or requires a similar multiple coating-curing procedure. However, the process has the inherent defects of complicated production steps, large equipment investment, high energy consumption, long production period and the like, and is seriously deviated from the pursuit of the photovoltaic industry on extremely cost reduction. In addition, the resin systems between the different coatings may have compatibility problems, resulting in weak interlayer adhesion, and are susceptible to delamination under thermal or mechanical stress, which becomes a fa