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CN-121975453-A - Composite aerogel material and preparation method and application thereof

CN121975453ACN 121975453 ACN121975453 ACN 121975453ACN-121975453-A

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a composite aerogel material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite aerogel material has a core-shell structure and comprises aerogel and an organic silicon resin coating layer coated on the surface of the aerogel, wherein the coverage rate of the organic silicon resin coating layer on the surface of the aerogel is more than or equal to 90%. The application can increase the filling amount of the aerogel in low specific gravity products such as low specific gravity pouring sealant, low specific gravity paint and the like, simultaneously maintain the low specific gravity characteristic, and overcome the defects of difficult filling, low strength, easy structural damage and the like of the traditional aerogel.

Inventors

  • LONG LIHUA
  • LI SHICHENG
  • XIONG QIAOXING

Assignees

  • 深圳市优宝新材料科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A composite aerogel material is characterized by having a core-shell structure and comprising aerogel and an organic silicon resin coating layer coated on the surface of the aerogel, wherein the coverage rate of the organic silicon resin coating layer on the surface of the aerogel is more than or equal to 90%.
  2. 2. The composite aerogel material of claim 1, wherein the aerogel comprises silica aerogel, and/or, The length-diameter ratio of the composite aerogel material is (1-1.5): 1, and/or, The aerogel has an average particle size of 1-10 mu m and/or, The mass ratio of the organic silicon resin coating layer to the aerogel is (2-5) 1, and/or, The porosity of the aerogel is greater than or equal to 90%.
  3. 3. The composite aerogel material of claim 2, wherein the aerogel has an average particle size of 4 to 6 μm and/or, The mass ratio of the organic silicon resin coating layer to the aerogel is (2.5-3.5): 1, and/or, The porosity of the aerogel is greater than or equal to 99.8%.
  4. 4. The preparation method of the composite aerogel material is characterized by comprising the following steps of contacting a silane coupling agent with aerogel, and enabling the silane coupling agent to undergo hydrolysis polycondensation reaction on the surface of the aerogel to form an organic silicon resin coating layer with coverage rate of more than or equal to 90%, so that the composite aerogel material is obtained.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a composite aerogel material according to claim 4, comprising the steps of contacting the atomized silane coupling agent with the hydrophilic aerogel under the condition that the relative humidity is more than 0 and less than 90%, and allowing the silane coupling agent to undergo a hydrolytic polycondensation reaction on the surface of the aerogel to form the organic silicon resin coating layer to obtain the composite aerogel material; the length-diameter ratio of the aerogel is (1-1.5): 1; the average particle size of the aerogel is 1-10 mu m; the silane coupling agent comprises methyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane, wherein the mass ratio of the methyltrimethoxysilane to the tetramethoxysilane is (1-5) 1; the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the aerogel is (2-5): 1; In the hydrolysis polycondensation reaction process, the aerogel is in a fluidized state, and the air flow pressure for driving the aerogel to be in the fluidized state is less than 2MPa.
  6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the relative humidity is 40% -80%, and/or, The aerogel has an average particle size of 4-6 mu m and/or, The aerogel has a porosity of greater than or equal to 90%, and/or, The mass ratio of the methyltrimethoxysilane to the tetramethoxysilane is (3-4) 1 and/or, The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the aerogel is (2.5-3.5): 1, and/or, In the hydrolysis polycondensation reaction process, the airflow pressure for driving the aerogel to be in a fluidized state is 0.5-1 MPa, and/or, The atomization pressure for atomizing the silane coupling agent is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and/or, The temperature of the hydrolytic polycondensation reaction is 40-60 ℃, and/or, The hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction time is 8-20 h, and/or, The hydrolytic polycondensation reaction is carried out in the presence of an alkaline gas catalyst.
  7. 7. The method for preparing a composite aerogel material according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises placing the aerogel in a reaction vessel, introducing a carrier gas from the bottom of the reaction vessel upwards, and introducing the atomized silane coupling agent from the top of the reaction vessel downwards.
  8. 8. The method for producing a composite aerogel material according to claim 7, wherein the alkaline gas catalyst is introduced upward from the bottom of the reaction vessel, and/or, The alkaline gas catalyst comprises ammonia gas, and/or, The flow ratio of the alkaline gas catalyst to the carrier gas is (0.5-5): 100, and/or, The stacking volume of the aerogel accounts for 10% -40% of the capacity of the reaction container.
  9. 9. The use of the composite aerogel material of any of claims 1-3 in a pouring sealant or coating.
  10. 10. A pouring sealant is characterized by comprising the composite aerogel material according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the mass content of the composite aerogel material is greater than or equal to 20% based on the mass of the pouring sealant, and the specific gravity of the pouring sealant is less than or equal to 0.7.

Description

Composite aerogel material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a composite aerogel material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Along with the increasing requirements of new energy automobiles, aerospace, portable electronic equipment and other fields on light weight, the weight reduction design of electronic packaging materials and coating materials has become one of key technical directions. The specific gravity of the traditional pouring sealant and the traditional paint is generally larger, and in the application scene with larger consumption, the weight of the traditional pouring sealant and the traditional paint is high in proportion of the total weight of the system, so that the improvement of the energy efficiency and the cruising ability of the whole machine is obviously restricted. Therefore, development of low specific gravity products such as low specific gravity pouring sealants, low specific gravity paints and the like to achieve weight reduction of the system has been urgently demanded in the industry. To reduce the specific gravity of the pouring sealant, paint, one technical path is to add a low specific gravity filler, such as aerogel. However, most aerogels are hydrophilic, and even with a small amount of addition, they tend to thicken, lose fluidity, and fail to perform potting or coating operations. Even if the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the aerogel are reduced by a surface treatment method to make the aerogel hydrophobic, a large number of exposed pores in the aerogel are easily filled with other components, so that the effect of reducing the specific gravity is very small. In addition, the aerogel itself has low physical strength, and is very easy to break the porous structure in the conventional production stirring or mixing process, so that the aerogel loses the characteristic of low specific gravity. Therefore, although the aerogel has the characteristic of low specific gravity, the aerogel is rarely used or only added in a small amount in low specific gravity pouring sealant and low specific gravity paint. How to enable the aerogel to be filled in a large quantity in low specific gravity products, and the original physical framework structure of the aerogel is not destroyed during production, becomes a difficulty and bottleneck for wide application of the aerogel in industry. Disclosure of Invention The application aims to provide a composite aerogel material, a preparation method and application thereof, which can increase the filling amount of aerogel in a low specific gravity product and keep the low specific gravity characteristic. In order to achieve the purposes of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: in a first aspect, the application provides a composite aerogel material, which has a core-shell structure and comprises aerogel and an organic silicon resin coating layer coated on the surface of the aerogel, wherein the coverage rate of the organic silicon resin coating layer on the surface of the aerogel is greater than or equal to 90%. The organic silicon resin coating layer has high coverage rate, and has the advantages that firstly, the formed organic silicon resin coating layer seals the porous structure of the aerogel in the aerogel, the porous and low specific gravity characteristics of the aerogel are reserved, secondly, the organic silicon resin serving as the coating layer has high strength characteristics, the framework structure of the aerogel in the aerogel is effectively protected, the framework structure with fragile strength cannot be damaged due to stirring and shearing in subsequent production and mixing, and thirdly, the compatibility of the composite aerogel and base oil such as silicone oil is greatly improved after the organic silicon resin coating is carried out on the surface of the aerogel, so that the filling amount of the aerogel in low specific gravity products such as low specific gravity pouring sealant and low specific gravity coating can be improved, and the characteristic of high filling is realized. Therefore, by adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the filling amount of the aerogel in low specific gravity products such as low specific gravity pouring sealant, low specific gravity coating and the like can be increased, meanwhile, the low specific gravity characteristic is maintained, and the defects that the traditional aerogel is difficult to fill, low in strength, easy to damage in structure and the like are overcome. In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the composite aerogel material, which comprises the following steps of contacting a silane coupling agent with aerogel to enable the silane coupling agent to undergo hydrolysis polycondensation reaction on the surface of the ae