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CN-121975531-A - Manufacturing technology and application of multifunctional soil conditioner

CN121975531ACN 121975531 ACN121975531 ACN 121975531ACN-121975531-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a multifunctional soil conditioner manufacturing technology and application; the multifunctional soil conditioner comprises, by mass, 40-45% of modified nano gypsum cores, 28-30% of halophilic microbial inoculant master batch, 11-12% of sword bean powder extract, 5-8% of urea, 4-6% of calcium chloride, 3-5% of polyethylene glycol 2000 and 1-2% of alkyl glycoside, wherein the modified nano gypsum cores are used for realizing efficient replacement and rapid salt reduction of sodium ions, mineralized shell cemented soil particles are generated in situ through an enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology to form a stable aggregate structure, and long-term restoration of soil micro-ecology is realized through halophilic microbial inoculant master batch, so that the key problems that the traditional conditioner is single in function, difficult to be compatible with chemical improvement and not durable in improvement effect are solved, and a brand new strategy which is efficient, stable and ecology friendly is provided for saline-alkali soil treatment.

Inventors

  • ZHANG GUANGBIN
  • MA JING
  • JIN KEDA
  • ZHANG WENTAI
  • XIE WENPING
  • XU HUA

Assignees

  • 中国科学院南京土壤研究所
  • 新疆农业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260323

Claims (7)

  1. 1. A multifunctional soil conditioner is characterized by comprising, by mass, 40-45% of modified nano gypsum core, 28-30% of halophilic microbial agent master batch, 11-12% of sword bean powder extract, 5-8% of urea, 4-6% of calcium chloride, 3-5% of polyethylene glycol 2000 and 1-2% of alkyl glycoside.
  2. 2. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified nano gypsum core comprises the following steps: a1, placing phosphogypsum in a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 85 ℃, drying for 16 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa, transferring the phosphogypsum into a vibrating screen after drying, sieving the phosphogypsum with a 100-mesh screen to obtain pretreated gypsum powder, placing the pretreated gypsum powder into a muffle furnace, heating to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per minute, calcining at the constant temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after the constant-temperature calcining is completed to obtain activated gypsum powder; A2, transferring the activated gypsum powder into a ball mill, adopting a zirconia ball mill tank and zirconia balls, wherein the mass ratio of the balls to the activated gypsum powder is 12:1, then adding triethanolamine and ethylene glycol into the ball mill tank, wherein the mass ratio of the activated gypsum powder to the triethanolamine to the ethylene glycol is 1000:3:2, setting the revolution speed of the ball mill to 450rpm, setting the rotation speed to 900rpm, intermittently cooling for 10min every 30min of ball mill, and obtaining micron-sized activated gypsum powder after the ball milling is completed for 4 h; a3, adding micron-sized activated gypsum powder into a reaction kettle, adding deionized water, sodium polyacrylate and nanocellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the micron-sized activated gypsum powder to the deionized water to the sodium polyacrylate to the nanocellulose is 100:500:0.8:0.1, setting the rotating speed of a stirrer to be 500rpm, stirring and uniformly mixing for 30min, transferring the mixture into a high-speed shearing emulsifying machine after stirring is finished, setting the rotating speed to be 10000rpm, shearing and dispersing for 20min, transferring the mixture into an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument after shearing and dispersing is finished, setting the ultrasonic power to be 600W, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 45min under the protection of ice water bath in an intermittent mode of 3s and 2s to obtain gypsum suspension; a4, transferring the gypsum suspension into a circulating nanometer sand mill, adopting yttrium stabilized zirconia microbeads with the diameter of 0.03mm as a grinding medium, setting the linear speed of the sand mill to be 12m/s, setting the circulating feeding speed to be 5L/min, strictly controlling the grinding temperature to be 25 ℃ through a circulating cooling system, circularly grinding for 8 hours, and carrying out cross-flow filtration on the suspension through a 0.5um ceramic membrane filter after finishing grinding to obtain nanometer gypsum slurry; A5, weighing polyaspartic acid, dissolving in deionized water, regulating the pH to 8.0 by using a dilute sodium hydroxide solution, preparing polyaspartic acid modified solution with the concentration of 20mg/mL, then placing the nano gypsum slurry and the polyaspartic acid modified solution in a jacketed reaction kettle, wherein the mass ratio of the nano gypsum slurry to the polyaspartic acid modified solution is 3:1, setting the rotating speed of a stirrer to 300rpm, stirring and reacting for 3 hours under the circulation of a constant-temperature water bath at 50 ℃, adding citric acid and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate after the stirring and reacting are finished, wherein the mass ratio of the nano gypsum slurry to the citric acid to the disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate is 100:2:1, regulating the pH to 7.5, continuing stirring and reacting for 1 hour at 40 ℃, transferring to an ultrasonic cleaner after the stirring and reacting are finished, setting the ultrasonic power to 200W, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes to obtain composite modified gypsum slurry; A6, transferring the composite modified gypsum slurry into a regenerated cellulose dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3.5kDa, dialyzing for 12 hours at 4 ℃ in ammonium carbonate buffer with the pH of 8.5 at 0.05mol/L, then transferring into deionized water for continuous dialysis for 24 hours, changing the deionized water once every 4 hours, continuously and slowly stirring the dialyzate in the dialysis process, transferring into a spray dryer for micro-granulation after the dialysis is finished, setting parameters of the spray dryer to be the inlet air temperature of 180 ℃ and the outlet air temperature of 90 ℃, adopting a double-fluid nozzle for an atomizer, adopting a double-fluid nozzle for the atomization pressure of 0.25MPa, the feeding rate of 20ml/min, the drying airflow rate of 35m 3 /h, putting into an airflow pulverizer after the spray drying is finished, adopting supersonic airflow for pulverization, adopting the pulverization pressure of 0.8MPa and the classification wheel speed of 4500rpm, collecting products by using a cyclone separator and a bag dust remover, and protecting by nitrogen in the pulverization process to obtain modified nano gypsum powder; And A7, transferring the modified nano gypsum powder into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 60 ℃, and drying for 6 hours under the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa, and after the drying is finished, carrying out aluminum foil bag sealing packaging under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the net weight of each bag is 5kg, and adding a moistureproof barrel into the outer layer and storing in a cool drying warehouse to obtain the modified nano gypsum core.
  3. 3. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the halophilic microbial agent master batch comprises the following steps: B1, collecting 20cm of plough layer soil in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil, separating and culturing by adopting a high-salt selective culture medium, culturing for 48 hours at 30 ℃, picking up single bacterial colony with good growth, streaking and purifying for 3 times, and identifying the single bacterial colony as bacillus through 16S rDNA to obtain halophilic bacillus; B2, inoculating halophilic bacillus into a seed culture medium, culturing for 18 hours at 30 ℃ and 200rpm to obtain fermentation seeds, then inoculating the fermentation seeds into a fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation tank is a fermentation culture medium, the mass ratio of the fermentation seeds to the fermentation culture medium is 5:95, setting the fermentation temperature of the fermentation tank to be 30 ℃, the stirring rotation speed to be 300rpm, the ventilation quantity to be 1.5vvm, fermenting for 36 hours, transferring fermentation liquor to a tubular centrifuge after fermentation, setting the rotation speed of the tubular centrifuge to be 12000rpm, and centrifuging for 15 minutes to collect thalli to obtain fermentation wet thalli; Adding trehalose, skimmed milk powder, sodium glutamate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycerol and tween-80 into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 15min to obtain a lyoprotectant, wherein the mass ratio of the trehalose, the skimmed milk powder, the sodium glutamate, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the glycerol and the tween-80 is 50:30:10:5:3:2, and dissolving the lyoprotectant in sterile deionized water to obtain a lyoprotectant solution, wherein the mass ratio of the lyoprotectant to the sterile deionized water is 20:80; Adding the fermentation wet thalli and the lyoprotectant solution into a reaction kettle, setting the rotating speed of a stirrer to 300rpm, stirring and mixing for 15min, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation wet thalli to the lyoprotectant solution is 1:2, subpackaging and transferring the mixture to a sterile freeze-drying plate after stirring and mixing are completed, pre-freezing for 6h at-80 ℃, transferring the mixture to a vacuum freeze-drying machine after pre-freezing is completed, setting the cold trap temperature of the vacuum freeze-drying machine to be-50 ℃, the vacuum degree to be 8Pa, controlling the temperature of a baffle plate to be-20 ℃,8h, -10 ℃,6h, 0 ℃,4h, 10 ℃,3h and 25 ℃, and immediately filling nitrogen and packaging after freeze-drying to obtain halophilic bacillus dry powder; Grinding humic acid, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding the sieve into a KOH solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, wherein the mass ratio of the humic acid to the KOH solution is 1:5, carrying out an activating reaction for 2 hours at 60 ℃, spray drying to obtain activated humic acid, grinding biochar, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding the sieve into a 5% phosphoric acid solution, soaking and modifying for 12 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the phosphoric acid solution is 1:3, washing with water to be neutral after the soaking and modifying is finished, drying to obtain acid modified biochar, adding the activated humic acid and the acid modified biochar into a homogenizer, homogenizing for 5 minutes to obtain a composite primary carrier, transferring the composite primary carrier into a three-dimensional motion mixer, adding diatomite, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and beta-cyclodextrin, and mixing for 45 minutes to obtain composite carrier powder, wherein the mass ratio of the composite primary carrier, the diatomite, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the beta-cyclodextrin is 100:5:3:2; B6, putting the dry powder of the halophilic bacillus and the composite carrier powder into a horizontal kneader, dry-mixing for 5min to obtain a primary fungus-carried mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the dry powder of the halophilic bacillus to the composite carrier powder is 1:4, then adding sterile water and chitosan solution, kneading for 20min at 60rpm, wherein the mass ratio of the primary fungus-carried mixture, the sterile water and the chitosan solution is 100:12:2, transferring the mixture to a single screw extrusion granulator after kneading, selecting a 0.6mm screen, setting the screw rotating speed to 40rpm, granulating the mixture at 5MPa, the cooling water temperature to 25 ℃, and cutting the extruded strip-shaped material by a rotary granulating cutter to obtain wet master batch with the length of 1 mm; And B7, putting the wet master batch into a fluidized bed dryer, adopting a gradient heating process, drying at an air inlet temperature of 30 ℃ for 15min, drying at 35 ℃ for 20min, drying at 40 ℃ for 15min, setting the whole material temperature to 35 ℃, finishing drying until the moisture content is 10%, adding trehalose, skimmed milk powder and polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water, stirring and mixing for 30min to obtain a layer of coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the trehalose to the skimmed milk powder to the polyvinyl alcohol to the deionized water is 10:5:2:83, transferring the dried coating liquid into a coating granulator, spraying the first layer of coating liquid until the weight is increased by 5% at an air inlet temperature of 35 ℃ and an atomization pressure of 0.2MPa, then drying for 10min, adding acacia, gelatin and glycerin into the deionized water, stirring and mixing for 30min to obtain a two-layer coating liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the acacia, the gelatin, the glycerin and the deionized water is 3:2:1:94, naturally cooling after the coating is finished, and packaging by adopting a vacuum aluminum foil bag for standing for 48h to obtain the halophilic microbial master batch.
  4. 4. The multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the Canavalia gladiata powder extract comprises the following steps: Selecting high-quality white sword beans, putting the white sword beans into a universal grinder for grinding, sieving the white sword beans with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain sword bean coarse powder, putting the sword bean coarse powder into an extractor, adding petroleum ether, refluxing and degreasing for 4 hours in a 70 ℃ water bath, putting the sword bean powder into a fume hood for volatilizing and removing residual petroleum ether after degreasing is finished, transferring the sword bean powder into a 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven for drying for 6 hours to obtain defatted sword bean powder, and sealing and preserving the defatted sword bean powder for later use; Adding beta-mercaptoethanol, sodium azide and polyvinylpyrrolidone into a phosphate buffer solution, wherein the mass ratio of the beta-mercaptoethanol to the sodium azide to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the phosphate buffer solution is 0.1:0.05:0.5:100, stirring and mixing for 30min, filtering by a 0.45um filter membrane, and precooling for 30min at 4 ℃ to obtain a precooling buffer solution; Adding a pre-cooling buffer solution and defatted sword bean powder into a reaction kettle, wherein the mass ratio of the pre-cooling buffer solution to the defatted sword bean powder is 8:1, setting the rotating speed of the reaction kettle to be 300rpm, stirring and mixing for 15min, transferring the mixture into a low-temperature constant-temperature oscillation incubator, setting the temperature to be 4 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 150rpm, carrying out oscillation extraction for 8h, transferring the mixture into a 4 ℃ refrigeration house after the oscillation extraction is completed, and standing and soaking for 4h to obtain an extracting solution; Filtering the extracting solution with double-layer gauze, collecting filtrate, transferring the filtrate into a refrigerated centrifuge, setting the rotating speed to 8000rpm, setting the temperature to 4 ℃, centrifuging for 15min, collecting supernatant, adding fresh phosphate buffer solution into the precipitate for resuspension, centrifuging again under the same condition, wherein the mass ratio of the precipitate to the fresh phosphate buffer solution is 1:5, and combining the two supernatants to obtain a sword bean crude extracting solution; Slowly adding the ground ammonium sulfate powder into the Canavalia gladiata crude extract, stirring while adding to ensure that the saturation of the ammonium sulfate reaches 30%, standing at 4 ℃ for 2 hours, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15 minutes, discarding the precipitate, collecting the supernatant, continuously adding the ammonium sulfate until the saturation reaches 60%, standing at 4 ℃ for overnight, centrifuging at 10000rpm for 20 minutes the next day, collecting the precipitate, and dissolving the precipitate with 0.05mol/L, pH of Tris-HCl buffer solution with the concentration of 7.0 to obtain urease concentrated solution; C6, loading the urease concentrated solution into a regenerated cellulose dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa, boiling for 10min by 2% sodium bicarbonate and 1mmol/L EDTA before using the dialysis bag, placing the dialysis bag into 50 times of 0.01mol/L, pH 7.0.0 phosphate buffer solution, magnetically stirring and dialyzing at 4 ℃ for 24h, changing the dialysis external solution every 6h, and collecting the liquid in the dialysis bag after the dialysis is completed to obtain desalted urease solution; Loading desalted urease solution on a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatographic column, balancing the chromatographic column with 0.02mol/L, pH 7.0.0 Tris-HCl buffer solution, eluting unbound protein with the same buffer solution after loading, collecting elution peak at a flow rate of 1ml/min, then adopting 0-0.5mol/L NaCl linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 1ml/min, collecting 5ml of each tube, measuring 280nm absorbance value and urease activity of each tube, collecting activity peaks, combining the activity peaks, concentrating to 1/5 of the original volume by using an ultrafiltration centrifuge tube with a molecular weight cutoff of 30kDa, and obtaining a partially purified urease solution; c8, loading the partially purified urease solution on a Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatographic column, eluting with a phosphate buffer solution with the flow rate of 0.05mol/L, pH of 7.0, collecting 2ml per tube, measuring the urease activity of each tube, and collecting an activity peak to obtain a high-purity urease solution; Adding trehalose, mannitol and EDTA into the high-purity urease solution, stirring uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the high-purity urease solution to the trehalose to the mannitol to the EDTA is 100:2:1:0.5, packaging the mixture in sterile freeze-drying bottles, pre-freezing for 4 hours at-80 ℃ per bottle, transferring the pre-frozen mixture into a freeze dryer after the pre-freezing is finished, setting the cold trap temperature to-50 ℃, setting the vacuum degree to be 10Pa, freeze-drying for 24 hours, immediately filling nitrogen and sealing the freeze-dried powder to obtain a Canavalia glabra powder extract freeze-dried powder, preserving the Canavalia glabra powder at 4 ℃, and re-dissolving the Canavalia glabra powder extract by adding 10ml deionized water per gram of the freeze-dried powder when in use.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, putting a halophilic microbial agent master batch into a fluidized bed granulator, setting the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed to 40 ℃ and the air outlet temperature to 30 ℃, adjusting the fluidization air quantity to enable the master batch to be in a good fluidization state, mixing modified nano gypsum core powder and a sword bean powder extracting solution, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, then adding polyethylene glycol 2000 and deionized water to adjust the solid content to 15%, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first spraying liquid; S2, dissolving urea and calcium chloride in deionized water to prepare a second spraying liquid with the total concentration of 0.5mol/L, spraying the first spraying liquid to the halophilic microbial agent master batch at the speed of 5ml/min under the fluidization state for 10min, then spraying the second spraying liquid at the speed of 3ml/min, repeatedly spraying the first spraying liquid and the second spraying liquid for 3-5 times, and drying for 3min after each spraying, wherein the drying condition is that the air inlet temperature is 45 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 35 ℃, the fluidization air speed is regulated to 1.5m/S, and when the particle size reaches 1.2-1.5mm, stopping spraying to obtain a primary conditioner; And S3, dissolving alkyl glycoside in deionized water to prepare a solution with the concentration of 1%, spraying the solution onto the surface of the primary conditioner at the speed of 2ml/min, drying for 30min after all spraying, wherein the drying conditions are that the air inlet temperature is 50 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃, the fluidization air speed is adjusted to 1.2m/S, sieving after drying is finished, collecting particles with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, obtaining the multifunctional soil conditioner, placing the multifunctional soil conditioner in an aluminum foil bag, filling nitrogen, sealing and packaging, and storing at a shade and dry place.
  6. 6. A multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the high salt selective medium in step B1 comprises 5g/L yeast extract, 10g/L, naCl g/L, na 2 CO 3 g/L peptone and 20g/L agar, at pH 9.0.
  7. 7. A multifunctional soil conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation medium in step B2 comprises corn steep liquor 20g/L, molasses 15g/L, soybean meal 10g/L, naCl g/L, na 2 CO 3 g/L, and pH 8.5.

Description

Manufacturing technology and application of multifunctional soil conditioner Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a manufacturing technology and application of a multifunctional soil conditioner. Background In the field of modern saline-alkali soil treatment, the salinization of soil is evolving into a severe global ecological crisis, the traditional chemical improvement method relies on the replacement effect of substances such as gypsum, sulfur and the like on sodium ions, but the single action mode becomes an inherent defect, the improved soil is easy to harden and the salt is easy to rebound, so that the improvement effect is difficult to last, and more difficult, the high-saline-alkali environment has a strong killing effect on microorganisms, so that the biological improvement method can restore the soil ecology, but the biological improvement method is difficult to exert the actual effect in practice due to low survival rate of microbial agents, and the dilemma of mutual elbow of chemical improvement and biological improvement is formed. The research shows that the space-time collaborative design of chemical salt reduction and bioremediation can effectively break through the limitation of the traditional improvement technology, however, the existing technical scheme adopts a simple physical blending and stepwise application mode of functional components, and fails to realize the accurate integration and ordered release of each mechanism on the particle scale, and particularly, the lack of an efficient carrier system capable of carrying out integrated assembly and programmed delivery of chemical salt reduction agents, physical structure improvers and active microorganisms leads to mutual interference, dispersion and inactivation of each functional module after the functional modules are applied to soil, cannot be synchronously and orderly activated and exert a synergistic effect in a saline-alkali environment, and severely restricts the efficient treatment and ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil. The present invention provides a solution to the above problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a manufacturing technology and application of a multifunctional soil conditioner, which can efficiently and stably treat saline-alkali soil. The multifunctional soil conditioner comprises, by mass, 40-45% of modified nano gypsum core, 28-30% of halophilic microbial agent master batch, 11-12% of sword bean powder extract, 5-8% of urea, 4-6% of calcium chloride, 3-5% of polyethylene glycol 2000 and 1-2% of alkyl glycoside; further, the preparation method of the modified nano gypsum core comprises the following steps: a1, placing phosphogypsum in a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be 85 ℃, drying for 16 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa, transferring the phosphogypsum into a vibrating screen after drying, sieving the phosphogypsum with a 100-mesh screen to obtain pretreated gypsum powder, placing the pretreated gypsum powder into a muffle furnace, heating to 180 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per minute, calcining at the constant temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after the constant-temperature calcining is completed to obtain activated gypsum powder; A2, transferring the activated gypsum powder into a ball mill, adopting a zirconia ball mill tank and zirconia balls, wherein the mass ratio of the balls to the activated gypsum powder is 12:1, then adding triethanolamine and ethylene glycol into the ball mill tank, wherein the mass ratio of the activated gypsum powder to the triethanolamine to the ethylene glycol is 1000:3:2, setting the revolution speed of the ball mill to 450rpm, setting the rotation speed to 900rpm, intermittently cooling for 10min every 30min of ball mill, and obtaining micron-sized activated gypsum powder after the ball milling is completed for 4 h; a3, adding micron-sized activated gypsum powder into a reaction kettle, adding deionized water, sodium polyacrylate and nanocellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the micron-sized activated gypsum powder to the deionized water to the sodium polyacrylate to the nanocellulose is 100:500:0.8:0.1, setting the rotating speed of a stirrer to be 500rpm, stirring and uniformly mixing for 30min, transferring the mixture into a high-speed shearing emulsifying machine after stirring is finished, setting the rotating speed to be 10000rpm, shearing and dispersing for 20min, transferring the mixture into an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument after shearing and dispersing is finished, setting the ultrasonic power to be 600W, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 45min under the protection of ice water bath in an intermittent mode of 3s and 2s to obtain gypsum suspension; a4, transferring the gypsum suspension into a circulating nanometer sand mill, adopting yttrium stabilized zirconia microbeads with the diameter