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CN-121975533-A - High-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries and preparation method thereof

CN121975533ACN 121975533 ACN121975533 ACN 121975533ACN-121975533-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry planting, and relates to a high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of activating humic acid through earthworm extract, improving bioactivity, deeply loading beneficial bacteria into pores of biochar by adopting a vacuum decompression technology, enhancing the colonization capability of microorganisms, activating a mineral material by utilizing citric acid, improving the adsorption capability of pathogenic bacteria and heavy metals, and finally realizing the lasting release of active ingredients through an envelope slow release technology. The conditioner can effectively improve the microecology of soil, effectively inhibit soil-borne diseases, regulate the pH of the soil, enhance nutrient supply, has the advantages of high efficiency, safety and durability, and is suitable for the rapid treatment and the healthy restoration of the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries.

Inventors

  • BO LUJI
  • ZUO XIUFENG
  • JIA ZHEN
  • LI YAN
  • ZHONG ZIWEN

Assignees

  • 山东省农业科学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260320

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing living earthworms with water according to a mass ratio of 1 (3-4), performing ultrasonic crushing at 4-5 ℃, centrifuging, and taking supernatant to obtain an earthworm extract; Mixing and stirring humic acid powder, earthworm extract and enzyme protective agent according to the mass ratio of (75-85) to (3-4), and performing micro-aerobic fermentation to obtain a humic acid-earthworm mixture; Crushing biochar, mixing and soaking the crushed biochar with hydrogen peroxide solution according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-5), filtering, removing filtrate, mixing filter residues with composite microorganism fermentation liquor according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-2), decompressing for 25-35min under the condition of (-0.09) - (-0.1) Mpa, fermenting for 1.5-2.5 days at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, filtering, removing fermentation liquor, mixing and stirring a fermented product and a coating agent according to the mass ratio of 1 (4-5), filtering, removing filtrate, and obtaining filter residues which are coated modified biochar; Step four, crushing the mineral materials, mixing and stirring the crushed mineral materials with a citric acid solution according to the mass ratio of (1-2), filtering, removing filtrate, and carrying out microwave treatment on filter residues to obtain modified mineral materials; Uniformly mixing the humic acid-earthworm mixture, the coated modified biochar, the modified mineral material, the seaweed slag, the oyster shell powder, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the natural binder according to the mass ratio of (15-25) (11-13) (8-12) (5-7) (7-9) (13-17) (11-13) to obtain primary product particles, drying until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, spraying coating liquid on the surfaces of the particles, the weight gain rate of the particles is 5-8%, then spraying a curing agent, wherein the use amount of the curing agent is the same as that of the coating liquid, and curing to obtain the composite soil conditioner.
  2. 2. The method for preparing a high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme protecting agent in the second step is one or more of glycerol, L-proline, beta-glucan, sodium citrate and trehalose.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries, which is characterized in that the enzyme protecting agent is glycerin, sodium citrate and trehalose, and the mass ratio is (2-4): 1-3): 4-6.
  4. 4. The method for preparing the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the composite microorganism fermentation broth in the third step comprises 10-20g/L of soluble starch, 4-6g/L of glucose, 7-9g/L of peptone, 3-5g/L of yeast extract powder, 1-2g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4-0.6g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1-0.2g/L of calcium chloride, 0.04-0.06g/L of manganese chloride, 0.4-0.6g/L of chitin powder, 5X 10 8 -7×10 8 CFU/mL of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 3X 10 8 -5×10 8 CFU/mL of streptomyces microflavus based on water.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the coating agent in the third step comprises 10-20mL/L acetic acid, 25-35g/L chitosan, 15-25g/L sodium alginate and 4-6g/L glycerol based on water.
  6. 6. The method for preparing a high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the mineral material in the fourth step comprises one or more of ground phosphate rock, marble, zeolite, vermiculite, quartz sand, diatomaceous earth and bentonite.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 6, wherein the mineral material comprises ground phosphate rock, zeolite, quartz sand and diatomite in a mass ratio of (7-9): 4-6): 6-8): 8-12.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the natural binder in the fifth step is 12-15% by mass of starch aqueous solution, 1-2% by mass of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, 0.5-1.5% by mass of xanthan gum aqueous solution or 25-30% by mass of seaweed extract aqueous solution.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the coating liquid in the fifth step is sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 2-3%, and the curing agent is calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 2.5-3.5%.
  10. 10. A composite soil conditioner prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Description

High-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry planting, and relates to a high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries and a preparation method thereof. Background The continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries is a common problem in strawberry planting and is mainly characterized by the problems of deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil, unbalance of a microorganism system, aggravation of soil-borne diseases, accumulation of toxic substances, unbalance of nutrient supply and the like. Long-term continuous cropping can lead to mass propagation of pathogenic bacteria (such as fusarium, rhizoctonia and the like) in soil, reduction of beneficial microorganisms, acidification and hardening of the soil, reduction of organic matter content, further influence on growth and development of strawberries, reduction of yield, reduction of quality and even sterilization in severe cases. Currently, methods for improving continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries mainly comprise chemical methods such as lime application for adjusting the pH of soil and chemical fumigant use for soil disinfection. Although the method can kill pathogenic bacteria in a short period, the method is easy to cause the simplification of a soil microorganism system and the damage of ecological balance, residual chemical substances can also cause harm to the environment and human health, and the pathogenic bacteria can easily generate drug resistance after long-term use. Biological control, such as chinese patent CN114258750B, publication No. 2023.03.14, discloses inoculation of beneficial microorganisms, and the method has a certain biological control effect, but the strain has low survival rate and weak colonization ability, is easily affected by factors such as temperature and humidity, pH and the like in a complex soil environment, has unstable effect, and is difficult to comprehensively cope with various soil-borne diseases by a single strain. Organic material administration, such as chinese patent application CN107805142a, publication No. 2018.03.16, specifically discloses administration of amino acids, chitin, etc. The method can improve the soil structure and increase organic matters, but has low decomposition speed and unbalanced nutrient release, and can generate harmful intermediate products in the decomposition process so as to exacerbate the autotoxic effect. Physical methods such as high temperature canopy, soil steam sterilization, etc. The method has high cost and large energy consumption, is difficult to popularize in a large area, and can kill beneficial microorganisms in soil indiscriminately to destroy microecology. The rotation and intercropping are ecologically friendly methods, but are difficult to implement in specialized and large-scale strawberry planting areas, have long period and slow effect, and do not meet the requirements of efficient agricultural production. In summary, the method has the following problems of single effect, lack of systematic comprehensive treatment for a certain type of problems (such as pathogenic bacteria or soil acidification) in most methods, poor persistence, short-term effectiveness of chemical and physical methods, easiness in soil ecological degradation after long-term use, environment unfriendly, limitation of sustainable application due to problems of chemical agent residues, low microbial agent survival rate and the like, high cost, complex operation, large equipment investment of methods such as fumigation, steam sterilization and the like, and high technical requirements. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-performance composite soil conditioner for rapidly improving continuous cropping obstacle of strawberries and a preparation method thereof, and the high-performance composite soil conditioner comprises the following steps: Mixing living earthworms with water according to a mass ratio of 1 (3-4), ultrasonic crushing at 4-5 ℃ and 40-50kHz for 10-20min, centrifuging at 8000-10000rpm for 10-15min, and taking supernatant to obtain an earthworms extract rich in enzymes (such as protease and cellulase) and active substances. Mixing humic acid powder, earthworm extract and enzyme protective agent according to the mass ratio of 25 (75-85) (3-4), stirring at 120-150rpm for 8-12min, and performing micro-aerobic fermentation at 35-45 ℃ for 5-7d to obtain a humic acid-earthworm mixture. The process utilizes enzyme system in earthworm body to make biological enzyme cutting on the macromolecular structure of humic acid to produce more small molecular fulvic acid and active functional groups, at the same time can load the disease-resisting and life-promoting substances in earthworm body into t