CN-121975543-A - Multi-field control pyrolysis reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-field control pyrolysis reactor which comprises a lifting pipe, a conduit and a plurality of conduit gas outlets, wherein the lifting pipe is at least provided with a preheating section and a fast pyrolysis section, the reaction channel is formed in the lifting pipe, a carrier gas inlet is formed in the lower end of the preheating section, a material inlet is formed in the preheating section, the carrier gas inlet and the material inlet are respectively communicated with the reaction channel, the conduit penetrates through the lifting pipe and is positioned in the reaction channel, and the conduit is provided with the plurality of conduit gas outlets with different gas outlet directions. The multi-field control pyrolysis reactor can realize the regulation and control of a temperature field, a speed field and a reaction atmosphere in the reaction process, optimize the pyrolysis process and improve the yield and quality of products.

Inventors

• LV MIN
• LI WENYING
• LI WANG
• ZHANG YUXING
• WEI YA
• LI JICHAO
• REN GUOGANG
• MA MINJUN
• ZHAO YINGJIE

Assignees

• 怀柔实验室山西研究院
• 北京怀柔实验室

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20251222

Claims (14)

1. 1. A multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor, the multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor comprising: The device comprises a lifting pipe and a reaction device, wherein the lifting pipe is at least provided with a preheating section and a fast pyrolysis section, a reaction channel is formed in the lifting pipe, a carrier gas inlet is formed in the lower end of the preheating section, a material inlet is formed in the preheating section, and the carrier gas inlet and the material inlet are respectively communicated with the reaction channel; the guide pipe penetrates through the lifting pipe and is positioned in the reaction channel, and a plurality of guide pipe gas outlets with different gas outlet directions are formed in the guide pipe.
2. 2. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 wherein the riser further comprises a secondary reaction control section, the preheating section, the fast pyrolysis section, and the secondary reaction control section being disposed in sequence from bottom to top.
3. 3. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 2 wherein the length of the preheating section is 1/8~1/4 of the length of the riser, the length of the fast pyrolysis section is 1/4 to 1/2 of the length of the riser, and the length of the secondary reaction control section is 1/8~3/8 of the length of the riser.
4. 4. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein a flow guiding structure is arranged in the preheating section, and the flow guiding structure is connected to the inner wall of the preheating section along the axial direction of the reaction channel.
5. 5. The multi-field pyrolysis reactor according to claim 4, wherein the flow guiding structure is a spiral flow guiding plate, the spiral rising angle of the spiral flow guiding plate is 25-30 degrees, the height of the spiral flow guiding plate is 1/4-1/2 of the inner diameter of the preheating section, and the pitch of the spiral flow guiding plate is 2-5 times of the inner diameter of the preheating section.
6. 6. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1 wherein an auxiliary heating mechanism is embedded on the inner wall of the fast pyrolysis section to allow rapid heating of the reaction mass.
7. 7. The multiple-field-controlled pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1 wherein a plurality of sets of gas outlet structures are provided at intervals along the axial direction of the conduit, the gas outlet structures having a plurality of the conduit gas outlets provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the conduit.
8. 8. The multiple field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 7 wherein a plurality of the conduit gas outlets in each set of the gas outlet structures are staggered along the axial direction of the conduit or a plurality of the conduit gas outlets in each set of the gas outlet structures are oppositely disposed along the axial direction of the conduit.
9. 9. The multiple field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 7 wherein the extension direction of a plurality of the conduit gas outlets in each set of the gas outlet structures is the same or the extension direction of a plurality of the conduit gas outlets in each set of the gas outlet structures is different.
10. 10. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein a plasma generation mechanism is disposed within the multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor, the plasma generation mechanism forming a discharge region between the conduit and the riser, the discharge region being located within the reaction channel.
11. 11. The multiple field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 10 wherein the gap in the discharge zone is determined by the distance between the conduit and the riser.
12. 12. The multi-field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 10 wherein the plasma generation mechanism comprises a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode, the voltage of the high voltage electrode being higher than the voltage of the low voltage electrode, wherein the high voltage electrode is disposed on the conduit and the low voltage electrode is disposed on the riser.
13. 13. The multiple field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 10 wherein the outer wall of the conduit and/or the inner wall of the reaction channel is provided with a layer of insulating material.
14. 14. The multiple field controlled pyrolysis reactor of claim 1 wherein the carrier gas introduced into the conduit can be the same or different than the carrier gas introduced into the carrier gas inlet.

Description

Multi-field control pyrolysis reactor Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of coal/biomass pyrolysis, in particular to a multi-field-control pyrolysis reactor for multi-field coupling regulation and reaction enhancement. Background At present, china greatly promotes the quality-classifying and grading utilization of coal under the policy framework of clean and efficient utilization of coal so as to improve the resource value and reduce the carbon emission. Pyrolysis (low-temperature carbonization) is one of the core technologies, and the technology decomposes coal under the anoxic condition of medium and low temperature (500-800 ℃) to generate semicoke, coal tar and pyrolysis gas, so that the 'quality-classifying' utilization of the coal is realized, wherein the semicoke can be used as clean fuel or chemical raw materials to replace metallurgical coke, and the blast furnace ironmaking carbon emission is reduced. Coal tar is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, and can be processed into high-end chemicals such as pitch, carbon fibers, and fuel oil. The pyrolysis gas (CH 4、H2, CO) can be used for hydrogen production, synthesis ammonia or gas power generation, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. The country clearly supports the 'quality-classifying and grading utilization', and along with the development of green hydrogen and CCUS (carbon capture) technology, the pyrolysis process can further reduce the carbon footprint, and becomes a key link of low-carbon transformation in the coal chemical industry. In the coal resources of China, the ratio of low-rank coal (lignite and low-metamorphic bituminous coal such as long-flame coal, non-caking coal and weak caking coal) is over 50 percent, and the low-rank coal has the remarkable characteristics of high volatile matter (20% -45%), high moisture (lignite 15% -60%) and low heat value (lignite combustion value is lower than 3000 kilocalories/kilogram). Because the coal gasification degree is low, the problems of low heat efficiency, large smoke amount, easy spontaneous combustion and the like exist in direct combustion, volatile matters (20% -50%) in the coal can be converted into oil, gas and semicoke through pyrolysis, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is remarkably higher than that of direct combustion. The pyrolysis at the medium and low temperature of 500-700 ℃ can improve the yield of tar, but is limited by the existing pyrolysis process technology, the yield of industrial-scale pyrolysis oil is lower than 18%, the quality is lower, and heavy components in coal tar are more, so that the subsequent use is affected. The pyrolysis reactor is used as a core device of a pyrolysis process, directly determines the pyrolysis degree of raw materials, further controls the distribution of pyrolysis products, and has various types at present, but has certain technical limitations. If the fixed bed reactor has a simple structure, is suitable for small-scale treatment, is commonly used for laboratory research, but has low heat transfer efficiency and uneven material heating, is easy to cause local overheating or incomplete reaction, is difficult to continuously operate, has limited treatment capacity, and is not suitable for industrial application. The fluidized bed reactor has high heat and mass transfer efficiency, is suitable for fast pyrolysis, has good product yield, but has strict requirement on the size of raw material particles (usually less than 2 mm), has high pretreatment cost, and has serious coke residue abrasion equipment and poor long-term operation stability. The gas phase has short residence time, but secondary cracking is easy to occur, and the quality of the product is affected. The rotary kiln reactor is suitable for large-particle materials, the residence time is controllable, but the pyrolysis is uneven, carbon is easy to accumulate on the inner wall, the heat transfer efficiency is influenced, the high-temperature sealing technology is immature, and gas leakage is easy to cause. The riser reactor is widely used in industrial pyrolysis devices (especially pyrolysis of coal, biomass or waste plastics) due to its characteristics of efficient mass and heat transfer, continuous operation and suitability for large-scale production. Traditional riser relies on carrier gas convection heat transfer, and pyrolysis rate is slow, leads to secondary pyrolysis serious, and tar yield drops, and single temperature field is difficult to realize light tar selectivity and generates, and high temperature district semicoke is easy to deposit, influences continuous operation. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a multi-field control pyrolysis reactor which can realize the regulation and control of a temperature field, a speed field and a reaction atmosphere in the reaction process, optimize the pyrolysis process and improve the yield and quality of products. The implementation purpose of the inventio