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CN-121975582-A - Method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation

CN121975582ACN 121975582 ACN121975582 ACN 121975582ACN-121975582-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation, which relates to the technical field of plant component extraction and comprises the following steps of (1) raw material pretreatment, namely cleaning and airing rosemary twig flowering raw materials, carrying out mechanical crushing treatment, (2) composite enzymolysis, namely mixing crushed materials with a composite enzyme solution according to a mass volume ratio of 1:10, carrying out enzymolysis for 1-5 hours at a pH of 4.0-6.0 and a temperature of 35-55 ℃, wherein the composite enzyme solution comprises cellulase, pectase and neutral protease, (3) steam distillation extraction, namely carrying out steam distillation on the mixture after enzymolysis for 10-50 minutes, and (4) standing for delamination and dehydration, namely standing for delamination of the distilled solution. According to the invention, through a composite enzymolysis system of cellulase, pectase and neutral protease, the cellulose skeleton, the mesogel layer pectic substance and the interstitial protein network of the rosemary cell wall are damaged pertinently, and the release efficiency of the essential oil in the cells is obviously improved.

Inventors

  • CHEN ZHIKUN
  • ZHAO NING
  • JING GUANGHUA
  • LU QIANGQIANG
  • ZHOU SHA
  • ZHANG ZHAO

Assignees

  • 陕西省西安植物园(陕西省植物研究所)

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260325

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Raw material pretreatment, namely cleaning and airing rosemary tender branch flower-carrying raw materials, and then carrying out mechanical crushing treatment; (2) Mixing the crushed materials with a compound enzyme solution according to a mass-volume ratio of 1:10, and carrying out enzymolysis for 1-5 hours at a pH of 4.0-6.0 and a temperature of 35-55 ℃, wherein the compound enzyme solution comprises cellulase, pectase and neutral protease; (3) Steam distillation and extraction, namely, performing steam distillation on the mixture after enzymolysis for 10-50 minutes; (4) Standing and layering and dehydrating, namely standing and layering distillate, removing water and physically filtering; (5) Preserving, namely filling and sealing the refined essential oil under the aseptic condition.
  2. 2. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of each enzyme in the compound enzyme solution is as follows: Cellulase, pectase, neutral proteinase= (0.5-2): (0.2-1.5): (0.1-1).
  3. 3. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: The pH value is 4.5-5.5, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 2-4 hours.
  4. 4. A method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the distillation time is 20-40 minutes.
  5. 5. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the raw material recovery time is as follows: The shoots grow in the vigorous period of 3-5 months in spring, in the bud early period of 6-8 months in summer or 1 month before frost in 9-11 late autumn, and the specification of the raw materials is that the shoots have flowers with the length of about 10 cm.
  6. 6. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said neutral protease is papain or bromelain.
  7. 7. The method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the reagent is a BR grade Chinese medicine reagent, comprising: pectinase, cellulase and neutral proteinase.

Description

Method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of plant component extraction, in particular to a method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation. Background The rosemary is an important natural spice plant, and the essential oil is rich in active ingredients such as alpha-pinene, eucalyptol, verbenone and the like, so that the rosemary is widely applied to the fields of food, daily chemicals and medicines. The extraction method commonly used in industry at present mainly comprises a steam distillation method, an organic solvent extraction method and a supercritical CO 2 extraction method. However, these conventional methods all have significant technical drawbacks: The steam distillation method has the advantages of simple equipment and low operation cost as a main stream extraction process, but the high-temperature long-time distillation process (usually needs 60-90 minutes) is easy to cause oxidative degradation of thermosensitive essential oil components (such as monoterpene compounds) to cause fragrance loss and yield reduction, and the dense cuticle and cell wall structure of rosemary leaves are difficult to fully destroy by steam action alone, so that the release of the intracellular essential oil is incomplete, and the actual yield is generally lower than 1.2%. The organic solvent extraction method can improve the extraction efficiency of the essential oil through solvent permeation, but the potential safety hazard and the environmental pollution problem of residual solvents (such as ethanol and hexane) are difficult to avoid, and meanwhile, the interaction of the solvents and the essential oil components can change the proportion of natural components and influence the sensory quality of the final product. The supercritical CO 2 extraction method can realize low-temperature efficient extraction, but has the characteristics of high equipment investment (equipment cost is more than tens of millions), complex process control (high pressure of 7-40MPa is required to be maintained) and high energy consumption, so that the supercritical CO 2 extraction method is only suitable for laboratory or high-end product production and is difficult to popularize on a large scale. In addition, in the prior art, the recovery of rosemary raw materials is mostly dependent on experience judgment, and the dynamic relationship between the plant physiological cycle and the accumulation of essential oil is not fully considered, so that the quality of the raw materials is uneven, and the extraction efficiency of the essential oil is further restricted. Disclosure of Invention The technical scheme of the invention aims at solving the technical problem that the prior art is too single, and provides a solution which is obviously different from the prior art, and particularly the invention aims to provide a method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation, which solves the technical bottlenecks of low cell wall rupture efficiency, serious heat-sensitive component loss, insufficient raw material utilization rate and the like in the traditional extraction method by the cooperative optimization of a composite enzymolysis system and a gradient distillation process, and realizes the efficient, green and standardized extraction of essential oil. The invention provides a technical scheme for realizing the aim, which relates to a method for extracting rosemary essential oil by enzymolysis-assisted steam distillation. 1. Raw material pretreatment and grading harvesting strategy Grading harvesting, namely harvesting in three stages according to the physiological cycle of rosemary: in spring (3-5 months), the plant is in the rapid growth period of tender branch, the leaf essential oil content reaches annual peak value (alpha-pinene is more than or equal to 30%), and the aroma component is mainly monoterpenes; Harvesting in summer (6-8 months) when bud is at first time but not opened, wherein the leaf has high oil content and the proportion of oxygen-containing terpenes such as eucalyptol is obviously increased; harvesting is supplemented in autumn (9-11 upper ten days) 1 month before frost, so as to avoid lignification of new branch due to low temperature, and maintain natural proportion of volatile components. The specification of the raw materials is limited by selecting tender branches with the length of about 10cm to carry flowers, so as to ensure the dynamic balance of active ingredients and content in the raw materials. Mechanical crushing, namely adopting high-speed shearing, homogenizing at the rotational speed of a cooking machine of more than or equal to 10000rpm or high pressure, and treating at the pressure of a wall breaking machine of more than or equal to 20MPa to ensure that the grain size of the raw materials is less than or equal to 2mm, the phy