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CN-121976106-A - Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof

CN121976106ACN 121976106 ACN121976106 ACN 121976106ACN-121976106-A

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite preparation, and provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite material comprises a porous silicon carbide blank and an aluminum alloy matrix, and the porous silicon carbide blank is prepared from 84-90 wt.% of silicon carbide composite powder and 10-16 wt.% of binder according to weight percentage, so as to solve the problems of complex molding, unstable performance and the like in a preparation method of a high volume fraction SiC p /Al composite material injection molding process in the prior art. The preparation method retains the advantages of an injection molding process, so that the SiC p /Al composite material is formed in a near-net shape, the reprocessing difficulty of the composite material is reduced to the maximum extent, and finally, the high-efficiency and high-quality preparation of the SiC p /Al material with the complex structure and high volume fraction is realized.

Inventors

  • LI HAO
  • MA YUQI
  • SUN ZHONGHUI

Assignees

  • 杭州大和江东新材料科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251223

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is characterized by comprising a porous silicon carbide green body and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein SiCp is more than or equal to 60 v 1%, the porous silicon carbide green body is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 84-90 wt.% of silicon carbide composite powder and 10-16 wt.% of binder.
  2. 2. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide composite powder consists of 70-120 μm coarse silicon carbide powder and 10-50 μm fine silicon carbide powder, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse silicon carbide powder to the fine silicon carbide powder is 3:2-4:1.
  3. 3. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the binder is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40-60 parts of wax, 20-45 parts of a polyolefin composite skeleton agent, 5-20 parts of a polyolefin elastomer and/or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2-4 parts of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of a coupling agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of an antioxidant and 0.8-1.5 parts of a heat stabilizer.
  4. 4. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 3, wherein the wax is selected from one or more of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, fischer-Tropsch wax and polyethylene wax, the polyolefin composite skeleton agent is selected from one or more of PP, POM, PE, the coupling agent is selected from one or more of epoxy silane, methacryloxy silane and titanate coupling agent, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of antioxidant B900, TBHQ and DLTP, and the heat stabilizer is selected from a mixture of dibutyl tin dilaurate and zinc stearate.
  5. 5. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the mass ratio of dibutyltin dilaurate to zinc stearate in the heat stabilizer is 2-4:1, and the heavy metal content is less than or equal to 10 ppm.
  6. 6. A method of preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the process comprises the steps of: (1) Weighing silicon carbide composite powder and a binder according to parts by weight, and putting the silicon carbide composite powder and the binder into a double-screw mixer to prepare uniform powder; (2) Adding the uniform powder into a charging barrel of a horizontal injection molding machine, performing injection molding operation on a mold, and opening the mold after the mold is cooled to room temperature to obtain a porous silicon carbide green body; (3) Placing the porous silicon carbide green compact into a degreasing and sintering integrated furnace, performing thermal degreasing treatment, sintering treatment and cooling treatment to obtain a silicon carbide prefabricated member; (4) And carrying out vacuum pressure infiltration on the silicon carbide porous prefabricated member to obtain the high-volume fraction silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material.
  7. 7. The method for producing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the cylinder is kept at 180 to 290 ℃, the injection pressure is adjusted to 50 to 150 MPa, and the injection speed is adjusted to 50 to 100 mm/s.
  8. 8. The method for producing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3) The thermal degreasing treatment comprises the steps of heating from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, heating to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-4 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours; sintering, namely heating from 600 ℃ to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours; cooling treatment, namely firstly cooling from 1000 ℃ to 500 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃ per minute, then closing a heating device to naturally cool the temperature in the furnace to room temperature, and taking out the porous silicon carbide prefabricated member; air is introduced into the integrated furnace, and the pressure in the furnace is kept at 0.1-0.2 MPa.
  9. 9. The method for preparing the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum pressure in the step (4) is 1-9 MPa, the infiltration temperature is 850-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
  10. 10. Use of an aluminium-based silicon carbide composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of electronic packaging, aerospace components and automotive critical structural parts.

Description

Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The application belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a reinforced aluminum matrix (SiC p/Al) composite material with complex shape and high volume fraction silicon carbide particles (SiC p is more than or equal to 60 vol percent) by using a powder injection molding (PIM/CIM) technology. Background The silicon carbide particle aluminum-based composite material is prepared by taking silicon carbide particles as a reinforcing phase and aluminum or aluminum alloy as a matrix through a vacuum/pressure infiltration process. The composite material has the outstanding performances of low cost, low density, good high-temperature stability, strong corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance, high specific strength, high specific elastic modulus and the like, has been widely applied to a plurality of high-end fields such as aerospace, electronic information, automobile manufacturing and the like, and is one of the important development directions of the current high-performance structure and function integrated material. In the prior art for preparing SiC p/Al with high volume fraction, the main current technology is mainly divided into two types, namely, preparing a silicon carbide blank body through dry pressing-sintering, then infiltrating to obtain a composite material, and mixing aluminum or aluminum alloy with silicon carbide particles, preparing a blank through hot isostatic pressing/hot pressing, and then processing the blank into a special-shaped piece through cutting, grinding and the like. However, the process has obvious limitations that, on one hand, the compression molding process is overlapped with the subsequent material processing flow, so that the complexity of the special-shaped part preparation process is improved, the production cost is increased, the production requirement of a special-shaped structural part with a relatively complex structure is difficult to adapt, on the other hand, waste materials are easily generated in the material processing process, the material utilization rate is reduced, and the production energy consumption and cost are further increased. In order to solve the preparation difficulty of the complex special-shaped piece, an injection molding process is tried to prepare the silicon carbide blank, and the process has obvious advantages in the aspect of molding the complex structural piece and can meet the production requirement of the relatively complex structural special-shaped piece. In practical application, the injection molding process has the key technical bottlenecks that the interface wettability between the silicon carbide powder and the organic binder is poor, particle aggregation and uneven binder distribution are easy to occur, and the system is complex in composition, high in melt viscosity, difficult to control the mixing uniformity, easy to generate local component deviation and influence the mechanical property of the composite material. Meanwhile, due to the influences of temperature gradient, pressure change and melt fluidity difference, the formed blank is easy to generate defects such as bubbles, hot cracks and the like, so that the surface quality is reduced, and the requirements of subsequent infiltration and mechanical strength in use cannot be met. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems of complex molding, unstable performance and the like in the preparation process of the injection molding process of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material in the prior art, the application provides the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, and the preparation method and the application thereof. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material comprises a porous silicon carbide blank and an aluminum alloy matrix, wherein SiC p is more than or equal to 60 v 1%, the porous silicon carbide blank is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 84-90 wt.% of silicon carbide composite powder and 10-16 wt.% of binder. Preferably, the silicon carbide composite powder consists of 70-120 mu m coarse silicon carbide powder and 10-50 mu m fine silicon carbide powder, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse silicon carbide powder to the fine silicon carbide powder is 3:2-4:1. Preferably, the adhesive is prepared from, by weight, 40-60% of wax, 20-45% of a polyolefin composite skeleton agent, 5-20% of a polyolefin elastomer (POE) and/or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), 2-4% of stearic acid, 1-3% of a coupling agent, 0.5-1.5% of an antioxidant, and 0.8-1.5% of a heat stabilizer, wherein the total is 100%. Preferably, the wax is selected from one or more of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, fischer-Tropsch wax and polyethylene wax. Preferably, the polyolefin composite framework agent is one or more selected from PP,