CN-121976191-A - Responsive functional framework for interface synthesis and preparation method and application thereof

CN121976191ACN 121976191 ACN121976191 ACN 121976191ACN-121976191-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a responsive functional framework for interface synthesis, a preparation method and application thereof. The responsive functional framework is formed by integrally designing and compounding a thermal-activated functional unit aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer and a structural reinforcement unit alloying gradient forming layer, so that the composite framework with the thermal triggering response capability is constructed, the three functions of directional heat release, interface metallurgy transition and reinforcement phase configuration stabilization can be synchronously executed according to the design response metal melt heat in the casting process, the problems of heat dissipation, weak interface combination and uneven reinforcement distribution in the high-melting-point metal melt seepage forming process are systematically solved, and the efficient, stable and controllable preparation of the high-performance composite material is realized.

Inventors

YU WENZHEN
NI YUCHEN
WANG YIRAN

Assignees

西安交通大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260205

Claims (9)

1. The responsive functional framework for interface synthesis is characterized in that the responsive functional framework is obtained by wrapping an alloying gradient forming layer outside an aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer; the alloying gradient forming layer is composed of any one of Al, si, cu, C, ti, the porosity is 30% -60%, and the thickness is 20-100 mu m; the aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer consists of aluminothermic reactants and a buffer reagent, wherein the thickness of the aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer is 10-50 mu m, the mass of the buffer reagent is 10-70% of that of the aluminothermic reactants, the buffer reagent is any one of Al 2 O 3 、Si 3 N 4 , ni and W powder, and the aluminothermic reactant is at least one of Fe 3 O 4 、MnO 2 .
2. The responsive functional framework for interface synthesis of claim 1, further comprising an interface activation layer and an outer protective layer; The thermite reaction control buffer layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the interface activation layer; an outer protective layer is wrapped outside the alloying gradient forming layer; the interface activation layer is prepared from at least one of Ni, cu, ti, al, and the thickness of the interface activation layer is 0.05-1 mu m; The outer protective layer is made of any one of boron nitride and graphite, and the thickness is 2-10 mu m.
3. The responsive functional framework of claim 1, wherein said C is derived from graphite or amorphous carbon.
4. The responsive functional framework of claim 1, wherein the thermite reaction control buffer layer is derived from a layer of thermite reactant, a layer of buffer reagent, and a layer of thermite reactant.
5. A method for preparing a responsive functional framework as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a layer of thermite reaction control buffer layer is coated outside an outer layer of the interface activation layer in a coating, dipping or vapor deposition mode, a layer of thermite reaction control buffer layer is coated outside the thermite reaction control buffer layer in a vapor deposition, chemical plating or coating mode, and an outer protective layer is coated outside the thermite reaction control buffer layer in a spraying or coating mode, so as to obtain the responsive functional framework.
6. The composite material with the gradient interface is characterized by being obtained by adopting the following method: Assembling the responsive functional framework according to claim 1 or 2 with a metal matrix or a metal precursor according to a preset structure, heating to a temperature above the metal melting point, and allowing a metal melt to infiltrate into the responsive functional framework and react with the thermit reaction control buffer layer to generate active metal atoms and Al 2 O 3 , wherein the mass ratio of the responsive functional framework to the metal matrix or the metal precursor is 100:1-12; and the active metal atoms and the diffusion alloying gradient forming layer undergo solid-phase diffusion and displacement reaction, a transitional gradient interface layer is formed on the surface of the metal matrix or the metal precursor in situ, and the composite material with the gradient interface is obtained through cooling, heat treatment or surface treatment.
7. The composite material with a gradient interface according to claim 6, wherein the thermal reduction reaction is performed at a temperature of 1100-1400 ℃ for 30 s-10 min.
8. The composite material with gradient interface as set forth in claim 6, wherein the surface treatment means any one of oxidation, nitridation, carbonization treatment for forming a stabilized ceramic layer on the gradient interface surface.
9. The composite material with gradient interface according to claim 6, wherein the composite material is any one of a steel member with a surface abrasion-resistant corrosion-resistant gradient coating, an aluminum-based or copper-based composite material, a wave-absorbing material.

Description

Responsive functional framework for interface synthesis and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a responsive functional framework for interface synthesis, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Aluminothermic reaction systems such as Al/Fe 3O4、Al/MnO2 are used to prepare composites or coatings due to their high reaction driving force and simple process. The thermit reaction system has inherent defects in the interface construction process, namely uncontrollable reaction and coarsening of the interface, severe reaction process and instantaneous reaction completion in millisecond, a large number of pores and crack defects exist in a formed metal/ceramic two-phase interface in the process, the thermit reaction system becomes a weak link of mechanical properties, the thermit reaction system is prominent in thermal stress, releases a large amount of heat instantly, the center temperature is extremely high and usually exceeds 2500 ℃, huge residual thermal stress can be generated in an interface area, the cracking or deformation of a material is easily caused, the thermit reaction product is single in component and structure, the reaction product is fixed into a simple mechanical mixture of metal such as Fe, mn and oxide Al 2O3, the composite interface layer with continuous gradient change of components, tissues and performances is difficult to synthesize in situ according to service requirements, and the fourth design freedom is low, and the microstructure, the phase composition and the performance gradient of the interface cannot be actively designed and finely regulated. It can be seen that in the process of constructing an interface by the thermit reaction, the thermit reaction system has the defects of cracks and air holes easily occurring in the interface bonding part due to the rapid reaction speed, severe reaction and overlarge heat release, and the residual thermal stress can cause the cracking and deformation of the interface bonding part, so that the use effect of the material is seriously affected. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a responsive functional framework for interface synthesis and application thereof, overcomes inherent defects of an aluminothermic reaction system, in particular an Al/Fe 3O4、Al/MnO2 system, and provides a novel interface synthesis structure, wherein the solid-phase diffusion and displacement reaction is used as a core mechanism, the responsive functional framework is used for carrying out dynamic decoupling and programmed guiding on the aluminothermic reaction with high heat release, and finally, the continuous gradient construction of interface components, tissues and performances is realized, the problem that the aluminothermic reaction is severe and uncontrollable is effectively solved, and the aluminothermic reaction with high heat release is converted into a controlled active atomic source for driving gradient interface formation through precise material and structural design. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows. The invention provides a responsive functional framework for interface synthesis, which is obtained by wrapping an alloying gradient forming layer outside an aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer; The alloying gradient forming layer is composed of any one of Al, si, cu, C, the porosity is 30% -60%, and the thickness is 20-100 mu m; The aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer consists of aluminothermic reactants and buffer reagents, wherein the thickness of the aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer is 10-50 mu m, and the mass of the buffer reagents is 10-70% of that of the aluminothermic reactants. The invention discloses a responsive functional framework, which is characterized in that an aluminothermic reaction control buffer layer is used for realizing the key of dynamically regulating and controlling the traditional aluminothermic reaction and preventing deflagration of the traditional aluminothermic reaction, an alloying gradient forming layer is of a porous structure, alloying elements required by a target gradient interface are preset in the alloying layer, the function of the alloying element is to receive and guide active atoms generated by subsequent reactions, and a gradient structure is formed through solid phase diffusion and reaction, and the material foundation of transition from uncontrollable reaction to designable interface is realized through the functions of the layers. The core layer, i.e. the thermite reaction controlling buffer layer and the alloying gradient forming layer, are arranged relatively thick, in particular the alloying gradient forming layer. In another preferred embodiment, the responsive functional framework further comprises an interface activa